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1.
云南现代真蕨类植物资源丰富,蕨类植物多样性的地史起源,必须从化石记录入手。在云南临沧上中新统邦卖组植物化石采集中发现了槲蕨属1块不育叶和2块腐殖叶的新材料,这些标本为修订Drynaria propinqua Wen et al.,2013,以及揭示该种不育叶和腐殖叶的特征提供了新的材料。通过与槲蕨属国内外报道的化石种和现生种的详细比较,将其重新定名为Drynaria cf.propinqua。Drynaria cf.propinqua的发现,表明云南临沧晚中新世的气候与现今中国西南地区温暖湿润的气候类似,这些附生植物的生活习性表明,临沧地区复杂分层的森林生态系统至少在晚中新世已经确立。 相似文献
2.
云南省是研究我国植物多样性,植物区系演化及被子植物迁徙路线的有利场所。文中鉴定并描述了采自云南临沧上中新统邦卖组的槭属(Acer)8块叶片和17块翅果化石,共鉴定为4个种,其中包括1个新种和1个相似种,分别为Acer lincangense sp.nov.和Acer cf.jingdongense。槭属化石在云南邦卖组的出现,证明了该植物群具有北温带和古热带的混生特征,反映了当时植物区系类型的多样化构成了云南现代植物多样性的基础。另外,通过对Acer全球大化石记录以及现生种的统计,总结得出槭属的地史演化具有3个发展高峰期:依次为始新世、中新世和全新世,从古至今呈现一种螺旋式递增趋势。 相似文献
3.
对浙江天台中新统下南山组6块叶片压型化石——天台润楠Machilus tiantaiensis Ding S. T. et Sun B. N. sp. nov.,并对其叶结构和表皮构造特征进行了详细的研究.其主要特征为:叶椭圆形,全缘,顶端渐尖,基部楔形,侧脉羽状;表皮细胞垂周壁浅波状,单细胞毛基多集中于脉络区;气孔下生式,气孔器短平列型,副卫细胞1~2个.通过与现生植物进行对比分析,发现当前标本的叶结构和表皮构造特征与樟科润楠属(Machilus)十分一致.利用PAST(palaeontological statistics)软件对我国润楠属68种植物叶片的形态特征进行聚类分析,结果表明当前化石与M. pingii Cheng ex Yang最为接近;角质层分析也表明二者的表皮构造最为相似.利用化石与其现存最近亲缘种M. pingii的气孔比率,恢复了天台晚中新世的古大气CO2体积分数为407.9×10-6.此外,依据现生润楠属主要分布于亚洲东南部和南部的热带、亚热带地区,推断天台地区中新世的古气候较为温暖湿润. 相似文献
4.
A new Late Pennsylvanian species of gymnospermous fossil wood, Zalesskioxylon xiaheyanense sp. nov. is described from the Lower Taiyuan Formation (Stephanian B-C) near the village of Xiaheyan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwestern China. The specimen consists only of silicified secondary xylem. The tracheids are pycnoxylic with 2–3 seriate bordered pits, arranged in subcircular or hexagonal alternate (araucaroid) pattern. The pores of the pits are small, linear, and regularly tilted. Xylem rays are homogeneous, uniseriate, 1–25 cells high. Cross-fields are filled with numerous mixed simple pits of various sizes. Growth rings, axial parenchymatous elements and resin canals are absent. The geographic distribution of Zalesskioxylon woods is reviewed. Zalesskioxylon xiaheyanense sp. nov. grew at low latitudes, and because of the lack of growth rings, probably lived under relatively uniform climatic conditions. Our new species supplements the poorly known distribution of Carboniferous wood in China. 相似文献
5.
归于壳斗科栎属的一种植物化石黄毛青冈(亲缘种)Quercusaff.delavayi Franch采于浙江天台中新统下南山组。该化石不仅具有与现生黄毛青冈Quercus delavayi Franch相似的叶形态结构,而且两者表皮微细构造亦颇为一致,宏观和微观特征表明,当前材料与现生黄毛青冈具有一定的亲缘关系。通过研究不同时间、不同地点现生黄毛青冈的表皮微细特征,发现黄毛青冈毛基的个体发育重演了青冈亚属毛基的系统演化。进一步比较化石与现生材料的毛基参数及其他表皮特征,推论浙江天台中新世的古气候较现在温暖湿润,根据现生与化石黄毛青冈气孔比率计算出浙江天台中新世古大气CO2体积分数为(395.22±5.61)×10-6。 相似文献
6.
In Europe, fossil fruits and seeds of Rhodoleia (Hamamelidaceae) have been described from the Upper Cretaceous to the Miocene, whereas no fossil record of Rhodoleia has been reported in Asia, where the modern species occur. Herein, 21 fossil leaves identified as Rhodoleia tengchongensis sp. nov. are described from the Upper Pliocene of Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The fossils exhibit elliptic lamina with entire margins, simple brochidodromous major secondary veins, mixed percurrent intercostal tertiary veins, and looped exterior tertiaries. The leaf cuticle is characterized by pentagonal or hexagonal cells, stellate multicellular trichomes, and paracytic stomata. The combination of leaf architecture and cuticular characteristics suggests that the fossil leaves should be classified into the genus Rhodoleia. The fossil distributions indicate that the genus Rhodoleia might originate from Central Europe, and that migrated to Asia prior to the Late Pliocene. Additionally, insect damage is investigated, and different types of damage, such as hole feeding, margin feeding, surface feeding, and galling, are observed on the thirteen fossil leaves. Based on the damage frequencies for the fossil and extant leaves, the specific feeding behavior of insects on Rhodoleia trees appears to have been established as early as the Late Pliocene. The high occurrence of Rhodoleia insect herbivory may attract the insect-foraging birds, thereby increasing the probability of pollination. 相似文献
7.
Newly discovered silicified wood from the Jixi Basin, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China, represents the first record of Taxodioxylon sensu Gothan from the Lower Cretaceous of China. Taxodioxylon szei sp. nov. is characterized by abundant wood parenchyma, uniseriate rays 1–50 cells in height, 1–2 rows of separately or contiguously arranged bordered pits, taxodioid-type pits in cross field, no normal resin canals and an absence of spiral thickenings in tracheids. It agrees well with the diagnostic characters of Taxodioxylon, but is distinguished from previously described species by higher rays, the presence of idioblasts in some rays, and by having black granules, which seem to be clusters of a needle-like substance (crystals?) in axial wood parenchyma cells, and traumatic resin canals. The anatomy of T. szei, and other palaeobotanical and sedimentological evidence indicate that the Early Cretaceous climate of the Jixi Basin was seasonal and very favourable to tree growth. 相似文献
8.
A New Fossil Termite(Isoptera,Stolotermitidae,Stolotermes)from the Early Miocene of Otago,New Zealand 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
<正>The forewing of a termite from Early Miocene lake sediments in Otago,southern New Zealand is figured and described.It exhibits the generic characters of the damp-wood termite Stolotermes Hagen,but differs from forewings of the known species in size and venation pattern and is described as Stolotermes kupe sp.nov.S.kupe represents the first confident record of fossil Stolotermitidae and extends the fossil record of the family back to the Early Miocene.It also is the first direct evidence of fossil Isoptera from New Zealand,though silicified termite faecal pellets,referable to Kalotermes brauni,have been previously described.S.kupe indicates that Stolotermitidae has been present in the Australasian region since at least the Early Miocene. 相似文献
9.
云南元谋盆地西部物茂盆地的湾堡土林和虎跳滩土林的晚上新世沙沟组地层大戟科秋枫属的秋枫（Bischofia javanica BL.）化石木。化石木木材由导管、纤维、射线组成。生长轮不明显。散孔材。径列复管孔（2~6，多2~4）甚多，单管孔较少，管孔团稀见。导管端壁具单穿孔。管间纹孔式互列。导管内侵填体丰富。轴向薄壁组织未见。木纤维壁薄，分隔。射线组织异形Ⅰ及Ⅱ。射线与导管间纹孔式为横列梯形及大圆形。孢粉分析表明元谋盆地晚上新世可能存在包括大戟科草本植物，而当前秋枫化石木的发现清楚地表明大戟科乔木植物的存在。秋枫为热带和亚热带常绿季雨林中的主要树种。秋枫化石木的发现指示元谋盆地当时的环境较现今湿润。 相似文献
10.
研究了云南西部龙陵县上新世的化石木。鉴定出两种木材类型。杜鹃花科杜鹃属的似腋花杜鹃Rhododendron cf. racemosum Franchet，其主要木材特征有散孔材，生长轮略明显，导管具多角形轮廓，螺纹加厚出现在整个导管壁上，梯状穿孔板，射线异形II型。松科华山松Pinus armandii Franchet的主要特征有交叉场纹孔窗格状，具正常轴向和纵向树脂道，且泌脂细胞壁薄，射线管胞内壁平滑或具稀疏的微锯齿。两种类型的化石木在我国均属首次报道。根据化石木结构和现代相应树种和植被的生境范围，当时植物生长于亚热带温凉湿润的山地环境，其海拔大约在1800米左右。 相似文献
11.
Specimens of fossil wood preserved lignified in Pliocene brown coal and identified as Pinus armandii Francher come from an opencust coalmine at Longling in western Yunnan Province,China. Phytochemical investigation of the fossil wood isolated using liquid column chromatography seven compounds(1-7)including a new fluorene derivative named 11,11-dimethyl-11H-benzo[b]fluorene.A further 28 volatiles were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Spectroscopic investigation methods,including MS and 1D and 2D-NMR techniques elucidated the structure of the seven compounds.Two types of natural products,isopimara and stilbene commonly occuring in extant and Plincene fossil P.armandii indicate phytochemical fidelity during burial under certain circumstances in sediments.Discovery of stilbenes that can inhibit the activities of wood-destroying fungi in the Pliocene P.armandii prompts the assumption that the chemical preservation of this Pliocene fossil wood of P.armandii in brown coal might contribute to the presence of inner natural inhibitors against wood-destroying fungi. 相似文献
12.
Thomas Lehmann Patrick Vignaud Hassane Taïsso Mackaye Michel Brunet 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2004,40(5):201
The Mission Paléoanthropologique Franco-Tchadienne (MPFT) found a new species of Orycteropodidae (Mammalia, Tubulidentata) in the Kollé fossiliferous sector, northern Chad. After Orycteropus abundulafus [Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 (1) (2000) 205–209; Lehmann, T., Vignaud, P., Likius A., Brunet M., in press. A new Orycteropodidae (Mammalia, Tubulidentata) in the Mio-Pliocene of Northern Chad. Zool. J. Linnean Soc.], this specimen is the second complete skeleton of fossil aardvark found in the Djurab desert. It is the first complete representative of an Orycteropus species found in the Pliocene of Africa. In regard to the Miocene fossil aardvarks, this new taxon, Orycteropus djourabensis nov. sp., shows more affinities with the extant O. afer. The main differences are the larger teeth and the shorter hand in the fossil form. Kossom Bougoudi and Kollé represent a chronological series that gives a unique opportunity for studying the evolution of the African Tubulidentata around the Mio-Pliocene boundary (5.5-4 My). The new species is distinct from the older Chadian Orycteropodid from KB and it embodies the taxonomic turnover that took place within the order Tubulidentata around this boundary in Africa. Moreover, this new species is the oldest known Orycteropus species that clearly belongs to the modern forms including the extant aardvark. 相似文献
13.
Paleophytochemical Constituents from the Pliocene Fossil Wood of Pinus Armandii from Longling,Yunnan
Specimens of fossil wood preserved lignified in Pliocene brown coal and identified as Pinus armandii Francher come from an opencast coalmine at Longling in western Yunnan Province, China. Phytochemical investigation of the fossil wood isolated using liquid column chromatography seven compounds （1-7） including a new fluorene derivative named 11,11-dimethyl-11H-benzo[b]fluorene. A further 28 volatiles were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Spectroscopic investigation methods, including MS and 1D and 2D-NMR techniques elucidated the structure of the seven compounds. Two types of natural products, isopimara and stilbene commonly occuring in extant and Pliocene fossil P. armandii indicate phytochemical fidelity during burial under certain circumstances in sediments. Discovery of stilbenes that can inhibit the activities of wood-destroying fungi in the Pliocene P. armandii prompts the assumption that the chemical preservation of this Pliocene fossil wood of P. armandii in brown coal might contribute to the presence of inner natural inhibitors against wood-destroying fungi. 相似文献
14.
中国东部中新世山旺古海拔与古气候的定量研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
距今 15 .5～ 17Ma的山旺中新世植物群中有 38科 74属为现存属 ,共存分析研究表明 ,它们的现代分布的共存区间为 2 9～ 32°N ,10 9～ 112°E ,海拔为 80 0～ 15 0 0m。依据共存分布区间的常年气候资料 ,获得山旺古气候参数定量数值 :年均温 7.9～ 15 .3℃ ;年较差 2 1.5～ 2 4 .4℃ ;最冷月均温 - 4 .4～3.9℃ ;最热月均温 2 0 .0～ 2 6 .2℃ ;推测中新世山旺地区为亚热带山地气候 ,山旺古湖的海拔为 80 0～ 15 0 0m 相似文献
15.
<正>A new species of gymnospermous fossil wood,Protophyllocladoxylon jingyuanense sp.nov., is described from the lower part of the Tsingyuan Formation(Serpukhovian/Late Mississippian),near the coal mine of Ciyao,Gansu,northwestern China.The specimen is preserved only in silicified secondary xylem,while growth rings are absent.Pits in radial tracheidal walls are araucaroid in type, uniseriate,occasionally biseriate.Xylem rays are homogeneous,uniseriate,occasionally biseriate. Cross-field pits are simple,large,one to two in number.Axial parenchyma is absent.The anatomical characters and geographic distribution of Protophyllocladoxylon woods through geological ages are documented.Those species with axial parenchyma and without growth rings live in warm climate, whereas the species without axial parenchyma and with growth rings are present either in warm or cool climate.The ideal living climate for Protophyllocladoxylon woods is warm and wet.Our new species,as a fossil wood of Early Carboniferous,is likely the earliest known species of Protophyllocladoxylon. 相似文献
16.
A Review on the Taxonomic, Evolutionary and Phytogeographic Studies of the Lotus Plant (Nelumbonaceae: Nelumbo) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nelumbo Adans. （Nelumbonaceae） is an important member of the early-diverging eudicots. It contains two extant species： N. nucifera Gaertn. （the Sacred lotus）, distributed in Asia and Australia and N. lutea Willd. （the American lotus）, occurring in North America. This paper reviews the taxonomic, evolutionary and phytogeographic studies of the genus Nelumbo, and also raises scientific questions about it in further paleobotanic research. There are about 30 fossil species of Nelumbo established since the Early Cretaceous. Based on fossil studies, the ancestors of the extant N. nucifera and N. lutea are respectively considered to be N. protospeciosa from the Eocene to Miocene of Eurasia, and N. protolutea from the Eocene of North American. However, molecular systematic studies indicate that N. nucifera and N. lutea are probably split from a common ancestor during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene, or even the Pleistocene, rather than separate relicts from extinct species on different continents. The characters of lotus stomatal development, seedling morphology as well as its flowering, pollination and fertilization in air reveal that it evolves from the land plants. Fossil data of Nelumbo indicates that the genus first occurs in mid-latitude area of Laurasia in the Early Cretaceous, then becomes widespread in North America and Eurasia and expands into Africa and South America during the Late Cretaceous; the genus probably colonizes the Indian Subcontinent from Asia during the Early Eocene after the collision of India and the Asian plates; the genus becomes extinct in Europe, but survives in Asia and North America during the Quaternary Ice Age, and later forms the present East Asia and North Australia-North America disjunctive distribution. 相似文献
17.
山东临朐产出的中新世山旺组化石群,保存精美、属种分异度高。50多年来,经发掘和研究,目前已从约30余米的硅藻页岩沉积中报导了真菌、硅藻、介形虫、孢粉、昆虫、鱼类、两栖动物、爬行类、鸟类、哺乳动物及遗迹化石等十几个门类的化石,共计400余属700多种。本文总结了化石与周围无机界的关系、化石的埋藏特征、形成原因以及相关古生态学问题――古气候、古温度、古纬度、古地形、山旺湖的水文性质、湖水的季节性变化与硅藻页岩的纹层、动植物群的营养结构以及山旺盆地的沉积历史。 相似文献
18.
A review of fossil rhinoceroses from the Neogene of Myanmar with description of new specimens from the Irrawaddy Sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein Masanaru Takai Takehisa Tsubamoto Naoko Egi Thaung-Htike Takeshi Nishimura Maung-Maung Zaw-Win 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2010,37(2):11
Four genera and one indeterminate genus (total eight species) of fossil rhinoceroses (Mammalia; Perissodactyla; Rhinocerotidae) are recognized from the Neogene of central Myanmar. In the early Miocene, most area of central Myanmar were under the shallow marine condition, and no rhinocerotid remain has been documented yet. During the middle to late Miocene, the rhinocerotid remains are commonly found and are represented by “Diceratherium” naricum, Brachypotherium perimense, Brachypotherium fatehjangense and an indeterminate rhinocerotid. In the latest Miocene, these archaic rhinoceroses became extinct. In the late Neogene, the extant genera, Rhinoceros (late Miocene to Pleistocene) and Dicerorhinus (Plio-Pleistocene) first appeared in Myanmar. They appear to have dispersed to the Island Southeast Asia from the continental Asia during the early Pleistocene to middle Pleistocene when the eustatic sea level became low remarkably. 相似文献
19.
本文对云南先锋中新世木乃伊化木化石进行α-纤维素实验提取,以验证化石纤维素的可得性。实验利用有机溶剂分离、碱液分离、无机酸分离等方法分别对研究区5件木乃伊化化石样品进行处理,并采用红外光谱检测方法与现代木材α-纤维素和国际标准α-纤维素进行对比试验。实验结果显示,3种提取方法均可以从化石木材中提取出α-纤维素,但过程特征各有不同。其中,有机溶剂分离实验过程耗时最长,碱液分离方法样品损失最大。相比之下,无机酸分离方法对于木乃伊化木化石α-纤维素提取的效率最高。 相似文献
20.
随着古气候和古环境研究的日渐深入,“特有种气候分析法”成为新生代定量重建古气候研究的重要方法之一。使用这一方法分析了浙江东部天台中新统下南山组的古亮叶桦（Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney）压型化石,研究了其叶结构特征及表皮微细构造,定量推论浙江天台中新世时年平均温度为12.5～22.1℃,春季平均温度为13.0～23.1℃,较现在温暖。我国内蒙、吉林、山东、云南等地的新近系发现过古亮叶桦,分布的北界为42°N。其现存最近亲缘种亮叶桦（Betula luminifera）生活在101～119°E,23～34°N之间,海拔500～1800 m的山区,是我国特有树种。亮叶桦分布范围的缩小显示中新世一段时期我国气候逐渐变冷的趋势。 相似文献