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1.
临夏盆地13～4.4 Ma湖相沉积物颜色记录的气候变化探讨 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
利用高分辨率的代用资料来恢复古气候环境变化是当前过去全球变化研究的重要内容.通过对临夏盆地13～4.4 Ma时段稳定湖泊沉积物以10 cm间隔连续采得的2 060块样品进行颜色测定与分析,获得该时段湖相沉积物高分辨率颜色指标变化序列.通过沉积物颜色与成分分析,并与氯离子、CaCO3、风成石英砂含量和孢粉组合以及北太平洋ODP885/886孔的风成粉沙通量变化曲线对比,认为稳定湖相沉积物颜色指标是研究古气候变化的辅助性代用指标,并揭示了该地区在8 Ma和6.2 Ma左右存在两次重大的气候变干转型事件. 相似文献
2.
孢粉聚集速率是描述孢粉产量的一个定量指标。多年冻土区孢粉聚集速率的确定受到冻胀作用的强烈影响。主要体现在两个方面:首先,野外测得的沉积物厚度是冻胀后的数值,显然偏大,因而影响到沉积物沉积速率的计算。其次,样品中分凝冰透镜体的存在,影响到孢粉样品体积的测定。由于孢粉聚集速率是一个包含沉积物沉积速率及孢粉样品体积的多变量函数,因而冻胀作用对孢粉聚集速率的测定产生显著影响。加拿大育空西南部一条冻土钻孔剖面的孢粉资料表明,冰分凝引起的冻胀作用是导致孢粉聚集速率误差的主要因素。 相似文献
3.
日本大沼湖沉积物碳氮比值、有机碳同位素特征及其近400年的古气候环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对日本大沼湖沉积物样品总有机碳含量(TOC)及其稳定同位素、总氮含量(TN)和C/N值的测定,结合沉积岩芯火山灰和1℃年代,分析了大沼湖沉积物中有机质的来源,探讨了沉积物有机碳同位素的主要影响因素.结果表明:大沼湖沉积物中有机质主要来源于自生藻类,受陆源输入的影响较小;沉积物δ13C值指示了夏季温度的变化.过去400年来,大沼湖地区存在1660～ 1730年和1780～ 1860年两个明显的冷期,与邻近地区冰芯、树轮和湖泊沉积物记录的冷期基本一致,分别对应于Maunder和Dalton太阳黑子极小期. 相似文献
4.
青海达布逊湖50万年以来气候变化的孢粉学证据 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
基于青海柴达木盆地达布逊湖达 1井岩芯样品孢粉分析结果,将孢粉谱划分为Q2 、Q3 和Q4 三个孢粉带;并根据孢粉组合特征讨论了过去 5 0万年中研究区植被演化和古气候变化问题。达 1井沉积剖面年龄根据古地磁测定。研究结果表明,柴达木盆地中更新世中、晚期 ( 5 0 0～ 130kaBP)气候可能为暖温带半潮湿型,晚更新世 ( 130～ 10kaBP)气候为温带半干燥型,全新世 ( 10～ 0kaBP)气候为寒温带干燥型。晚更新世气候变化与青藏高原古里雅冰芯所记录的冷暖事件演变基本一致. 相似文献
5.
长江中下游地区浅水湖泊密布,全新世该区湖泊沉积的模式还不清晰。本研究在长江中下游的南漪湖、升金湖和菜子湖这3个湖泊开展了多钻孔AMS^14C测年工作,测年结果显示这些湖泊沉积地层中广泛出现长时间尺度的沉积物缺失。南漪湖湖泊钻孔的沉积物14C年龄介于5668~7828cal.aB.P.,菜子湖湖泊钻孔的沉积物^14C年龄介于6221~7929cal.aB.P.,升金湖围垦区钻孔14C年龄介于6302~7049cal.aB.P.。结合该地区以往湖泊钻孔研究资料,发现全新世长江中下游两岸洼地湖泊存在较广泛的6~3ka的沉积间断。结合长江水位重建资料,笔者提出关于全新世湖泊沉积存有长期间断的新认识:即6~3ka,长江水位相对平稳,湖泊沉积物虽有堆积,但易于被侵蚀搬运造成沉积间断;与此对应的是,在约8~7ka,海面上升造成长江水位较快上升,由于顶托作用,湖泊沉积物持续堆积;在约3ka以来,由于人类活动的影响,以及长江水位的进一步上升,湖泊沉积物也易于堆积,但在一些湖区沉积物也会被侵蚀。在6~3ka之间湖泊沉积物易于被侵蚀的一个可能原因是该时段长江上游来沙来水减少,自然堤易被破坏,对两岸湖泊洼地的封堵作用减少,使得湖泊泥沙易被侵蚀入江。 相似文献
6.
中国新疆博斯腾湖全新世沉积环境年代学特征 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
通过对博斯腾湖沉积物湖芯样品进行137Cs,14C-AMS测年分析,湖芯剖面上有明显的1986年的切尔诺贝利核事故蓄积峰,以及1975年和1963年次蓄积峰,这些137Cs蓄积峰对博斯腾湖现代沉积有明显的时标意义。通过质量深度与年代分析,博斯腾湖的沉积速率相对稳定,平均沉积速率为0.13±0.01g/cm2.a。与14C年代获得的中全新世以来的平均沉积速率0.13±0.03cm/a和0.12±0.05cm/a相似,表明博斯腾湖中全新世以来的沉积环境较稳定,并且也说明14C-AMS测年分析所得的结果较为可靠,可以利用博斯腾湖沉积物样品测定的14C年代进行线性回归作年代校正,由于湖泊沉积物中老碳效应的影响,博斯腾湖沉积物有机质14C测年偏老约650a左右。 相似文献
7.
新疆博斯腾湖表层沉积物的孢粉分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对新疆博斯腾湖的表层沉积物孢粉的分析, 探讨了干旱区大型湖泊中表层沉积物孢粉与周围植被的关系以及孢粉在湖泊中的分布和传播规律. 研究发现, 博斯腾湖表层沉积物中孢粉主要是来源于周围荒漠植被中的藜科、蒿属、麻黄等植物以及湖泊四周浅水地带生长的香蒲等水生植物. 藜科、蒿属、麻黄等花粉的传播过程主要受大风作用的影响, 而且百分比含量在整个湖盆中的分布比较稳定, A/C值能够反映区域目前的干旱状况; 香蒲等水生植物花粉的百分比含量主要受其母体植物分布的影响. 云杉花粉在河口区域的相对高百分比含量表明其河流传播特征; 云杉花粉在湖泊中的低百分比含量与整个流域的植被及其分布状况以及区域的气候条件有关; 云杉花粉具有超代表性. 近河口湖泊表层样品孢粉组合受河流和近岸植被的影响较大, 但距离超过2 km以后湖泊沉积花粉百分比含量较为稳定. 孢粉的质量浓度分布显示, 孢粉在湖盆中的分布有比较强的趋中性. 博斯腾湖中部沉积物孢粉序列能够很好记录区域的植被变化历史和环境演化特征. 相似文献
8.
青海尕斯库勒盐湖沉积物孢粉组合特征与铀分布关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以青海省柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖干盐滩ZK06钻孔岩芯为研究对象,结合孢粉、年代学和铀含量数据,探讨了盐湖沉积物中铀分布与古气候变化的关系.研究表明,自280 ka以来,尕斯库勒盐湖经历6次成盐期和6次淡化期;植被演化趋势为疏林草原—灌丛草原—荒漠草原;气候由凉略湿逐渐变为冷干.盐湖沉积物中铀含量与孢粉总浓度、灌木浓度、蒿属浓度呈明显正相关;与草本植物浓度呈正相关.孢粉带内沉积物的铀含量比成盐期高得多,平均铀含量为成盐期的3倍.孢粉组合特征可能为研究铀及其他元素在盐湖沉积物中的影响因素提供一些古植物和古气候条件证据. 相似文献
9.
喀斯特地区的生态环境具有先天脆弱性,对气候变化响应敏感,是研究气候变化-生态环境变化耦合关系的理想场所.选取我国典型喀斯特地区湖泊白鹇湖为研究对象,系统分析了沉积物柱芯有机质C/N比值、Sr/Rb比值和孢粉的剖面变化.研究结果表明,白鹇湖地区3.6～2.2kaB.P.气候持续向干旱化方向发展,导致流域陆地植被显著退化,草本植物减少,蕨类植物增加,湖泊陆源有机质输入减少,沉积物有机质C/N比值降低.该干旱事件还导致流域化学风化作用减弱,Sr/Rb比值增大.白鹇湖过去5000年的气候与生态环境变化历史表明自然气候变化对喀斯特生态环境可产生重大影响,为喀斯特生态环境先天脆弱性提供了历史性证据. 相似文献
10.
岱海位于半干旱区东部边缘及东亚夏季风的尾闾区，生态环境体系脆弱，气候和环境变化敏感，是研究环境变化的理想地区。65个湖泊表层及入湖河流冲积物样品的孢粉分析揭示了岱海表层孢粉沉积特征及孢粉来源。岱海表层孢粉主要来源于区域性植被的孢粉，其总体特征反映了区域植被的组成，但不同部位孢粉组合的差异反映了湖滨当地植被的变化。受沉积环境的影响，岱海湖区孢粉浓度总体上要低于入湖河流孢粉浓度，湖区中部孢粉浓度最高。岱海孢粉以河流携带的为主，同时受风力传播的影响。蒿、藜科、桦、虎榛子等花粉和蕨类孢子以河流搬运的为主，松、禾本科及莎草科花粉可能还受风力传播的影响。一些仅在个别样品中出现且百分比很低的花粉类型如豆科、十字花科等还有可能是昆虫、鸟类或人类活动携带而来。 相似文献
11.
太湖平原西北部全新世古河道沉积特征及环境演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
粒度、磁化率定量数据分析在判明第四系沉积物的来源、识别沉积分异作用、解译古沉积相和环境方面有着重要作用。对太湖平原西北部卜弋桥ZK01钻孔上部全新统如东组进行了粒度和磁化率测试分析,结合该孔孢粉成果,揭示研究区全新世古河道沉积环境和气候明显经历了3个阶段:1)11000—9500cal.aBP,沉积物主要由粉砂组成,粒度证据表明水动力条件较强,孢粉证据显示该阶段气候较温暖湿润;2)9500—3900cal.aBP,沉积物砂组分含量大幅增加,粒度资料显示古河道水动力明显增强,孢粉植被表明该时期处于全新世大暖期,气候暖湿稳定;3)3900cal.aBP以来,粉砂组分在沉积物中占优势,粒度结果表明该阶段水动力显著减弱,孢粉资料和磁化率证据表明研究区自该阶段特别是后期以来逐步出现了明显的人类活动迹象。 相似文献
12.
Qingfeng Ma Liping Zhu Xinmiao Lu Yong Wang Yun Guo Junbo Wang Jianting Ju Ping Peng Lingyu Tang 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(2):242-253
The relationships amongst modern pollen assemblages, vegetation, climate and human activity are the basis for reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes using pollen records. It is important to determine these relationships at regional scales due to the development of vegetation under different climatic conditions and human activities. In this paper, we report on an analysis of modern pollen assemblages of 31 surface lake samples from 31 lakes (one sample per lake) on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau where the knowledge of modern pollen and their relationships with vegetation, climate and human activities is insufficient. The region includes five vegetation zones: sub‐alpine shrub steppe, alpine steppe, alpine meadow and steppe ecotone, mountain desert and alpine desert. The lakes span a wide range of mean annual precipitation (50–500 mm) and mean annual temperature (?8 to 6 °C). Modern pollen assemblages from our samples mainly consist of herb taxa (Artemisia, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, etc.) and some tree taxa (Pinus, Fagaceae, Alnus, etc.). The results indicate that modern pollen assemblages are able to reflect the main vegetation distribution. Redundancy analysis for the main pollen types and environmental variables shows that precipitation is the leading factor that influences the pollen distribution in the study area with the first axis capturing 13.7% of the variance in the pollen data set. The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio is valid for separating the desert component (<2) from the steppe and other vegetation zones (>2) but is unable to distinguish moisture variations. The Artemisia/Cyperaceae ratio is able to identify meadows (<1) and steppes (>1) and can be used as a moisture index on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that an appropriate range is needed for a modern pollen data set in order to perform pollen‐based quantitative climate reconstructions in one region. It is essential to perform modern studies before using pollen ratios to reconstruct palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate at a regional scale. 相似文献
13.
HOUYUAN LU NAIQIN WU XIANGDONG YANG CAIMING SHEN LIPING ZHU LUO WANG QUAN LI DEKE XU GUOBANG TONG XIANGJUN SUN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2008,37(2):254-262
In this study we examine the relationships between Abies and Picea abundance in surface pollen and sub-alpine coniferous forest (SCF) distribution, elevation and climate in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using a large modern pollen data set consisting of 857 samples. Results indicate that Abies and Picea pollen are abundant in the southern and eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, where SCF dominates the landscape. Pollen percentages of both Abies and Picea show a unimodal pattern with changes in elevation and climate, and their optima occur at elevations from 2500 to 4000 m a.s.l., mean annual temperature from −1 to 10 °C and mean annual precipitation from 450 to 850 mm. The optimal elevation of Abies and Picea pollen distribution decreases with latitude from c . 4000 m in the south (21–32°N) to c . 2500 m in the north (43–49°N). The spatial pattern of Abies and Picea pollen abundance is highly correlated with the modern distribution of these taxa, which is largely controlled by elevation and climate. These relationships could provide a practical reference for interpretation of fossil pollen data in terms of climate and elevation in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
14.
With the progress of study on global climate change and the sensitivity simulation of various climate systems, human activities might be one of important factors driving climate change in historical periods. Therefore, since the beginning of this century, Land Cover Change has become the currently hot topic of global change research and climate simulation. The establishment of pollen-vegetation-land use relationship may be one of the effective ways to obtain quantitative estimates of human impact on natural environment. Therefore, in the Taihang Mountains,two small watersheds were selected to detect the relationships quantitatively among pollen, vegetation and land-use of small watershed by using pollen data. There are natural vegetation components and crop pollen types in pollen assemblages, which well reflect the relationships among pollen, vegetation and land-use in small watershed. As altitude decreases, the area of farmland, the intensity of human activities and the cereal, vegetable pollen percentages increases. The regression analysis of pollen percentages and land-use indicate that a linear positive relationship exists between the percentages of cereals, vegetables pollens and the area of farmland, which has a significance for human activities. 相似文献
15.
Late-glacial and postglacial pollen stratigraphy and radiocarbon chronology of a marine core from the continental slope and a core from the western Olympic Peninsula, ca. 110 km apart, are compared. Divisible into four pollen assemblage zones (L, P-1, P-2, and P-3), the cores exhibit a succession of correlative zonal prominences: grass-sedge (L), pine (P-1), alder (P-1-P-2 boundary), and hemlock (P-3). Volcanic ash of Mt. Mazama provenance is also correlative in zone P-2. Quantitative relationships of the pollen in the cores (relative and absolute numbers and pollen influx) are dissimilar, however, and are attributed to the influence of the Columbia River pollen load reaching the locale of the continental slope core compared with the local pollen rain influencing the Olympic Peninsula core site. 相似文献
16.
Pollen diagrams traditionally are read as if pollen percentages were linearly related to relative tree abundances, although the slopes and intercepts of these relationships are accepted to differ among taxa. Corresponding map patterns of modern pollen and tree percentages support this assumption of linearity, which also underlies the use of linear regression on percentage data for pollen-tree calibration. Fagerlind, however, showed that the theoretical relationship need not be linear and may be confounded by interdependencies among taxa. Regressions and scatter plots of modern pollen and tree percentages are here compared with results of extended R-value (ERV) models, which correct for the ‘Fagerlind effect’. Three data sets from Wisconsin and Michigan, USA illustrate that regression coefficients provide a first approximation to their ERV equivalents, but scatter plots derived from the ERV analyses show reduced scatter about linearised relationships. 相似文献
17.
Pollen studies and their relationship with modern vegetation facilitate paleoecological reconstructions while changes in pollen
abundance are indicators of environmental fluctuations. We analyzed the relationships between recent pollen deposits in the
sediments of four Uruguayan coastal lagoons and catchment vegetation and analyzed the temporal dynamics of submerged aquatic
vegetation (SAV). We mapped terrestrial vegetation, sampled SAV biomass, and analyzed the pollen record in each lagoon. The
sediment samples represented the last 49–76 years of deposition, and most vegetation types were well represented in the pollen
records. Pollen of Chenopodiaceae, proposed as indicators of saltmarshes, decreased in the surface samples of all lagoons,
possibly due to the salinity reduction promoted by precipitation changes in the region. Pollen of SAV was found in all lagoons
but with gaps in the record, and a submerged vegetated phase was recorded. Simultaneous botanical and pollen analyses better
captured the large fluctuations of SAV in coastal lagoons. 相似文献
18.
David G. Green 《Quaternary Research》1981,15(3):265-277
Forest ecology suffers from a lack of long-term community records. Preserved pollen data are richer in such information than is generally realized. By applying suitable statistical techniques to pollen records, one can learn much about competition, succession, and population dynamics in past tree communities. In this study, preserved pollen records from Everitt Lake, Nova Scotia, are analyzed as time series. Time domain studies reveal the post-fire responses of individual tree taxa. Correlograms yield models of past forest succession patterns. The models explain some effects of changing fire frequency, thus suggesting mechanisms by which fire, competition, and climate combine to produce long-term forest composition changes. Frequency domain studies suggest relationships between disturbance cycles, stand composition, and forest mosaics. Fire frequencies are seen to be highest where fire-dependent species abound and most regular where tree stands have uniform, not mixed, composition. 相似文献
19.
Walter Finsinger Daniele Colombaroli Jacques‐Louis De Beaulieu Verushka Valsecchi Boris Vannière Elisa Vescovi Emmanuel Chapron André F. Lotter Michel Magny Willy Tinner 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(8):1239-1247
Despite the high potential of pollen records for climate reconstruction, pollen–climate relationships may be biased due to past and present human activities on the landscape. We use (i) transfer functions based on modern pollen–climate relationships to infer seasonal temperature and summer precipitation for the period 11 500–4500 cal. a BP and (ii) lake‐level change records based on different sedimentary proxies in multiple cores that are mainly indicative for summer hydrology at Lago dell'Accesa (central Italy). Quantitative reconstructions indicate lowest summer precipitation during two phases (8500–7700 cal. a BP and after 6000 cal. a BP) and a gradual winter temperature increase from 11 500 to ca. 8000 cal. a BP. Lowest summer precipitation was reconstructed during these phases characterised by vegetation shifts from open forests dominated by summergreen oaks (Quercus) to forests dominated by evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex), which are at present most abundant where summer drought is stronger. Similarly, the lake‐level record indicates two long‐lasting low summer precipitation phases (8800–7700 and 6400–4400 cal. a BP) that were interrupted by short‐term high summer precipitation events. Based on the broad agreement between the pollen‐inferred summer precipitation and the low‐frequency lake‐level changes, we suggest that the duration of the high summer precipitation events may have been too short to maintain drought‐sensitive trees, which may have been affected by high mortality rates when summer dry conditions returned. Although past and modern pollen–climate relationships may very likely have been affected by human activities since the Neolithic (i.e. when exploitation of the landscape started), we reject the hypothesis of a significant anthropogenic bias in the pollen‐based climate reconstruction. In addition, we suggest that pollen‐based and lake‐level reconstructions may have different inherent abilities of capturing high‐ and low‐frequency precipitation signals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
激光法粒度筛析校正研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
激光法和筛析法分析作为两种最常见的用于沉积地质粒度分析的方法,其间的数据转换校正是在数据对比、数据对接时经常遇到且无法回避的问题。为此设计了两个实验,实验一对比了窄粒度范围样品两种分析方法的分析结果,统计分析了筛析法比激光法偏大的幅度,并提出一个校正方法;实验二对不同磨圆程度的样品进行分析,研究了磨圆度与两种分析方法差异程度之间的相关关系,认为实验一提出的校正方法适合一般条件下的天然沉积物粒度分析校正。文章又以实例展示了所提出的校正方法的校正效果并讨论了激光粒度法存在的问题。激光粒度分析法用于天然沉积物粒度分析时,结果常见明显的光滑化、正态化、双峰合并现象,扭曲了真实的粒度分布。文章认为实际样品具体情况远远复杂于米氏理论的设定条件,样品条件参数并未全部带入计算过程,所以激光法粒度求解是不精确的。更好的数据校正方法有待于激光粒度仪的软件、硬件改进。激光法合理的用于天然沉积物粒度分析还有一些问题需要讨论。 相似文献