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同步辐射X射线荧光光谱分析(SRXRF)是一种基于同步加速器光源与X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)相结合的原位分析方法,可以直接对沉积物进行扫描获得每个点的能谱图,从而计算元素含量的相对变化.但是由于荧光光谱定性和定量分析中存在的问题,国内发表文献中各种XRF原位分析数据均以相对含量或者计数表示.本文通过对各种标准物质(土壤、沉积物和岩石)的SRXRF分析,结合标准样品的定量数据,对同步辐射X射线荧光光谱的定量方法进行了研究.鉴于元素质量数和谱线强度的差异,不同元素需要运用不同的归一方法.对于K和Ca元素,采用ROI0-195背景归一;Ti元素采用ROI293-303背景归一;Mn元素采用ROI214-222背景归一;而较高序数的元素Fe采用拟合康普顿散射峰归一.通过上述归一方法,我们获得了K、Ca、Ti、Mn和Fe元素的定量标准曲线,相关系数分别为0.89、0.98、0.96、0.93和0.98.运用标准样品对各元素的定量标准曲线进行检验,结果表明:Fe元素含量预测的平均相对偏差小于10％,K、Ca和Ti的平均相对偏差小于20％,Mn的相对偏差较大,为35.9％.从总体上看,SRXRF获得的数据可以基本满足湖泊沉积物中元素分析的定量化需求.为验证SRXRF方法能否揭示元素含量的季节性变化,我们对四海龙湾纹层沉积物进行了分析,按选定的归一方法计算样品中元素特征谱线的强度,利用各元素的标准曲线计算岩芯沉积物中元素含量.K、Ca、Ti、Mn和Fe元素含量具有明显的季节韵律变化,浅色碎屑微层中Ti和Ca含量较高,而Mn和Fe丰度的高值对应于暗色有机质-碎屑混合层.初步研究结果表明同步辐射X射线荧光光谱分析可以揭示湖泊中沉积的元素的季节性变化,对研究过去季节-年尺度的古气候、古环境变化具有重要的科学意义. 相似文献
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地学核技术识别成矿流体地球化学界面的试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
作者在本文中应用地学核技术方法进行了成矿流体地球化学界面的识别试验，结果表明，多元素X射线荧光测量技术、地气中子活化分析技术、γ能谱测量技术均可有效地识别地球化学界面的标志。 相似文献
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在对比已有相关分析方法的基础上,建立了粉末压片-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中氯元素的分析方法.采用岩石、沉积物和土壤等78种国家一级地球化学标准物质作为校准系列建立校准曲线;利用经验系数法进行基体效应校正,利用含量校正法进行谱线重叠干扰校正;总结了地球化学样品中氯元素测定值随测定次数的变化规律及原因.结果表明:氯的检出限为7.95μg/g;分析3种国家一级地球化学标准物质12次,得到测定值的相对标准偏差均小于10％;采用国家一级地球化学标准物质验证方法准确度,测定值与标准物质认定值相吻合,测定平均值与标准物质认定值的对数差值的绝对值(?lgω)均小于或等于0.02,满足多目标区域地球化学调查规范的要求. 相似文献
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本文从地球化学环境与人类生存关系出发，依据区域化探水系沉积物资料编制环境地球化学图。通过对元素区域背景特征的分析及对所圈定的特殊环境区的雏议，提出本区原生地球化学环境质量既正常又欠佳的结论，进而建议充分利用本区高硼量的自然环境发展果林业，同时加强环保措施，预防地方病及矿区污染的进一步扩大。本文附图是我省第一份环境地球化学图，这一基础地球化学资料，对进一步研究本区原生自然环境质量及对环保、农林牧业等方面具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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地球化学填图与地球化学勘查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在中国与西方国家，地球化学填图的目的与做法并不相同，西方的地球化学填图是由研究机构开展的，使用等离子焰光量计、X射线荧光光谱仪等大型仪器进行多元素分析，目的是取得多种元素在地球表层分布的基础性资料。地球化学勘查则由矿业公司主要分析少量成矿元素，目的是为了找矿。而中国的地球化学填图计划却做出了巨大努力，使地球化学填图取得的资料既有学术价值又对矿产勘查具有重大的实用意义。本文详细讨论了西方国家与中国地球化学填图与地球化学勘查的思路、方法与技术的演变，并瞻望了地球化学填图在21世纪的巨大发展前景。 相似文献
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X射线荧光技术及其在江西金山地质找矿上的应用效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
简介了应用HYX-1型X射线荧光仪及“金一号”平衡滤片对江西金山金矿的样品进行的室内含Au量分析。应用X荧光分析测量结果对该矿区矿体垂向上变化规律、含金的贫富分布变化进行分析,通过与化学分析、热发光方法分析的对照,说明了X射线荧光技术的实用意义。 相似文献
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应用轻便X射线荧光仪和X射线荧光测井仪,在我国某锑矿上进行了试验.对锑矿粉末样品、锑的化探样品、原始产状锑矿X射线取样、块状岩心及充满泥浆的锑矿钻孔进行了分析测量,并与化学分析比较,结果十分一致.特别是在消除基体效应方面取得了良好的效果. 放射性同位素X射线荧光技术在地质勘探工作中应用的特点是:仪器轻便,射线防护简单,操作容易,便于现场使用,测量速度快,对样品中元素含量能进行定量或半定量测定.在普查找矿阶段,可用来对某些地质远景地段进行及时检查,从而加速岩体评价.在化探工作中,可对中等强度以上的化探分散晕异常地段和水系底部沉积物的淘洗重矿物进行半定量或定量测量, 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(2):125761
Trace elements distribution, including rare earth elements (REEs), in stream sediments of an abandoned U mining site in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania, were of high concern of interest in the present work. A total number of 40 riverbed sediments samples collected from the Bistricioara River and local tributaries (Primatar, Bradul, Prisacani, Barasau, Grintiesul Mare and Valea Seaca) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). All REEs including La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu were identified and quantified in the present work using ICP-MS technique. For other 24 elements (Ti, V, Cr, Co, Zn, Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Y, Sc, Zr, Nb, Sb, Ba, Ta, W, Pb, U, Ni, Cu, Mo, As, Th) similar information was obtained either by ICP-MS or XRF techniques. The impact and the relevance of the obtained data base might be significant at a local scale of about 50 km2.Enrichments of some trace elements of interest in comparison to the upper continental crust allowed discrimination between various mineralization processes specific for the investigated areas. Uranium mineralization and Paltin-type (Pb, Zn) mineralization seems to be specific for the NW area of the investigated region. Negative anomaly characteristic for the upper crustal rocks was identified for Eu and Ce elements. Evidences were obtained also for the existence of ultramafic rocks (Ni, Cr, Co and V) in the investigated riverbed sediments. The observation was also confirmed by the binary plots analysis of Th/Cr vs. Th/Co and Cr/V vs. Y/Ni pairs. From the investigated tributaries to Bistricioara River, Barasau seems to exert the highest influence on the abundances of REEss in the entire area. Most probably some chemical parameters such as the pH of the water streams influence leaching and depletions of some chemical constituents in various minerals specific for the region.The existence of magnetite, garnets, pyrite and sillimanite minerals was confirmed by SEM-EDAX and XRF analysis, as well by optical microscopy. Principal Component Analysis runs confirmed the association of some chemical elements in the riverbed sediments in close connection with the minerals from which they originate.The present work reports for the first time upon the authors knowledge clear scientific evidence and chemical information concerning the geology and geochemistry, i.e. transition metals, high field strength elements, alkali and alkaline earth elements, rare earth elements (REEs) and others, in stream sediments crossing the Tulghes-Grinties mining area (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). For the analysed REEs this is the first study reporting consistent information on the concentrations of the entire array of both light REEs (six elements) and heavy REEs (ten elements) in Bistricioara Basin stream sediments. Relevant scientific data related to geochemical characteristics of ultramafic rocks existent in the investigated area were also generated. Moreover, data reported in the present work might be considered as a reference geochemical database relevant for the investigated area, which can be used as a trustworthy input for a systematic national geochemical atlas. 相似文献
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Distribution of trace elements in the coastal sea sediments of Maslinica Bay, Croatia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nenad Mikulic Visnja Orescanin Loris Elez Ljiljana Pavicic Durdica Pezelj Ivanka Lovrencic Stipe Lulic 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1413-1419
Spatial distributions of trace elements in the coastal sea sediments and water of Maslinica Bay (Southern Adriatic), Croatia
and possible changes in marine flora and foraminifera communities due to pollution were investigated. Macro, micro and trace
elements’ distributions in five granulometric fractions were determined for each sediment sample. Bulk sediment samples were
also subjected to leaching tests. Elemental concentrations in sediments, sediment extracts and seawater were measured by source
excited energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Concentrations of the elements Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb in bulk sediment samples
taken in the Maslinica Bay were from 2.1 to over six times enriched when compared with the background level determined for
coarse grained carbonate sediments. A low degree of trace elements leaching determined for bulk sediments pointed to strong
bonding of trace elements to sediment mineral phases. The analyses of marine flora pointed to higher eutrophication, which
disturbs the balance between communities and natural habitats. 相似文献
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Mohamed Abdallah Gad Darwish 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(3):657-672
The purposes of this study were to assess the influence of old mining activities on the geochemistry and quality of sediments
and to identify the sites of economic elements. Thirty sites of stream sediment were sampled in the study area covered by
granitic, metarhyodacitic and meta-andesitic rocks and related tuffs-hosted abandoned Au mine. The suite of chemical elements,
Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Mn, Nb, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, Th, U, Y, Zn and Zr, pH value and total organic carbon were determined,
and univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were applied. The results show that the enrichment factor (EF)
is very high in the case of Te and significant also with respect to Ag, Bi, Cu, Sb, Se, Sn and Zn. Likewise, geoaccumulation
indices (Igeos) varied from very highly polluted with Sn and Te, strongly to very strongly polluted with Bi and Se, and moderately
polluted with Sb. The polluted sites of Ag, Bi, Sb, Se, Sn and Te were outlined using Igeos maps, and economic sites of Ag
and Sn were identified by geochemical maps leading to their sources, which are likely to be mining activities and lithogenic
processes. The pollutant elements may cause toxicity in stream sediments, or surface or underground water, as well as plants
and animals in the area. This investigation provides an environmental baseline for future monitoring of possible human/anthropogenic,
industrial and agricultural impacts on the study area and considers an attempt at re-mining Ag and Sn. 相似文献
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This study is aimed at determining the level of environmental degradation as well as the concentration of trace elements in soil and stream sediments in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the mining operation. Twenty-five (25) soils and ten (10) stream sediment samples were collected from the study area. The physicochemical parameters were determined using appropriate instrumentation with the aid of a digital pH meter (Milwaukee meter) to measure the pH and electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, moisture content and loss on ignition of the soil and stream sediment samples. The pH of the soil sample ranged from (6.10 to 7.19); Electrical conductivity ranged from (21.3 to 279.4 µS/cm), moisture content varied from (0.60% to 7.20%), and the LOI ranged from (2.03% to 18.62%). The results of the analysis showed that the concentrations of the trace elements in the soils and stream sediment samples were slightly higher than the background values. Plots of the trace elements in stream sediment samples show moderate, consistent decrease downstream except at points where there was mine water discharge into the main river. The pollution levels of heavy metals were examined in stream sediment and soil samples using different assessable indices, such as the enrichment factor, which showed significant-moderate enrichment for Cr, Th, Nb, Zn, Pb, Y and Zr and the geo-accumulation index, which showed practically moderate contamination with Cr, Ni and Sr based on regional background reference values. Geo-accumulation index and contamination index for soils and stream sediment revealed uncontaminated to moderate contamination. Likewise, elements with moderate contamination were Cr, Ni and Sr. The Pearson correlation showed that there were significant positive associations among selected metals in soil and stream sediment samples. 相似文献
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The town of Salihli is situated in Gediz Graben in the western Anatolia. This region is important in terms of industry, mining, geothermal energy, water sources, and agricultural production. Geothermal flow and anthropogenic activities in Salihli threaten the surrounding environment due to the contamination of cold groundwater, surface water, and soil. The goal of the present study is to determine the environmental effects of the geothermal and anthropogenic activities in Salihli on soil, stream sediments, and water. Stream sediments and farm soil have been contaminated by substances derived from geothermal and industrial effluents. To this end, the quality review of the water was completed and the heavy metal levels in stream sediment samples were measured to determine the extent of contamination. The elements As, B, Br, Fe, and Ni are the major contaminants present in surface water and groundwater in the study area. The concentrations of these elements excess tolerance limits of international water standards. Gibbsite, K-mica, kaolinite, sepiolite, halite, sulfur, willemite, and Pb(OH)2 might be precipitated as scales at low temperatures on the soil; this could be interpreted as a resultant from soil contamination. The concentrations of 17 elements (As, Ba, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn) were measured in samples from stream sediments and surface soils. In the study area, especially geothermal and anthropogenic activities give rise to environmental pollution. 相似文献
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Stream-sediment and soil geochemical data from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina (USA) were studied to determine relationships between soils and stream sediments. From multi-element associations, characteristic compositions were determined for both media. Primary associations of elements reflect mineralogy, including heavy minerals, carbonates and clays, and the effects of groundwater. The effects of groundwater on element concentrations are more evident in soils than stream sediments. A “winnowing index” was created using ratios of Th to Al that revealed differing erosional and depositional environments. Both soils and stream sediments from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains show derivation from similar materials and subsequent similar multi-element relationships, but have some distinct differences. In the Lower Coastal Plain, soils have high values of elements concentrated in heavy minerals (Ce, Y, Th) that grade into high values of elements concentrated into finer-grain-size, lower-density materials, primarily comprised of carbonates and feldspar minerals (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al). These gradational trends in mineralogy and geochemistry are inferred to reflect reworking of materials during marine transgressions and regressions. Upper Coastal Plain stream-sediment geochemistry shows a higher winnowing index relative to soil geochemistry. A comparison of the 4 media (Upper Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments and Lower Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments) shows that Upper Coastal Plain stream sediments have a higher winnowing index and a higher concentration of elements contained within heavy minerals, whereas Lower Coastal Plain stream sediments show a strong correlation between elements typically contained within clays. It is not possible to calculate a functional relationship between stream sediment–soil compositions for all elements due to the complex history of weathering, deposition, reworking and re-deposition. However, depending on the spatial separation of the stream-sediment and soil samples, some elements are more highly correlated than others. 相似文献
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Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Soil and Stream Sediment in Panzhihua Mining and Smelting Area,Southwestern China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Mining and smelting activities are the main causes for the increasing pollution of heavy metals in soil, Water body and stream sediment. An environmental geochemical investiga-tion was carried out in and around the Panzhihua mining and smelting area to determine the ex-tent of chemical contamination in soil and sediment. The main objective of this study was to in-vestigate the environmental geochemistry of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in soil andsediment and to assess the degree of pollution in the study area. The data of heavy metal con-centrations reveal that soils and sediments in the area have been slightly contaminated. Geo-chemical maps of Igeo of each heavy metal show that the contaminated sites are located in V-Ti-magnetite sloping and smelting, gangues dam. The pollution sources of the selected elementscome mainly from dusts resultant from mining activities and other three-waste-effluents. The areaneeds to be monitored regularly for trace metal, especially heavy metal enrichment. 相似文献
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X射线荧光光谱三十年 总被引：16，自引：8，他引：8
X射线荧光光谱分析在20世纪80年代初已是一种成熟的分析方法,是实验室、现场分析主、次量和痕量元素的首选方法之一,在无损分析和原位分析中具有不可替代的地位。文章评述了三十年来X射线荧光光谱分析的进展历程、波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪(WDXRF)、能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪(EDXRF)和现场与原位分析用X射线荧光光谱仪发展过程及显示的特色。介绍了在X射线的全反射和偏振性质基础上相继推出的偏振、微束、全反射等全新的X射线荧光光谱仪及其在众多领域的应用。回顾了基体校正发展历程和以Sherman方程为基础的基本参数法和理论影系数法在定量分析中的应用,并对学术界有关基体校正的物理意义的争论、Sherman方程的局限性以及如何提高基本参数法在常规定量分析和半定量分析结果的准确度的途径进行了探讨。总结了化学计量学与数据处理方法在XRF中的应用研究及进展,指出人工神经网络方法与基本参数法相结合的算法,对于改善基体校正的准确度和稳定性开创了一条新的途径。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(3):385-395
The upper reaches of the Bistrita drainage system were selected as a natural test site to determine the geogenic and anthropogenic input into fluvio-lacustrine systems in humid mid-latitude morphoclimatic zones. The reason for this selection lies in the complex geology and its metallogenic evolution leading to a great variety of Fe, Mn, U, and polymetallic sulfides ore deposits. It sparked an intense mining activity during the past centuries with a strong impact on the drainage system similar to many mineralized sites in the world which are still under exploitation. Sediment samples from Bistrita River were analyzed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), near-infrared (NIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman).Our results revealed that the chemical and mineralogical built-up of the stream sediments is mainly geogenic, with most of the trace elements accumulated in the river sediments derived from the source rocks exposed in catchment area of the River Bistrita. A strong input by man has been detected in the drainage system near abandoned mining sites. The trace elements are mainly accommodated in the structure of detrital minerals representative of the clastic aureole around the source rocks, and to a lesser extent adsorbed onto the surface of clay minerals. The REE incorporated into muscovite furnish evidence of having derived from the source rocks, prevalently mica schists exposed by supergene processes in the provenance area and rule out a neoformation of clay minerals on transport and deposition. 相似文献
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溴、碘、砷、镉等有益有害元素形态分析技术及生态环境地球化学应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
率先在国土资源领域培育并形成相对稳定的元素化学形态(价态、金属有机化合物等)分析及其生态环境地球化学应用研究团队,采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术,开展生态环境地球化学样品中痕量溴、碘、砷、镉、汞、锡、铅、铬、硒等有益有害元素的价态、金属有机化合物等形态分析方法研究,初步建立了有益有害元素形态分析体系。建立的形态分析方法灵敏度高、检出限低,具有创新性和实用性,工作成果在国内外期刊发表论文20篇。形态分析方法在我国环境地球化学研究中得到应用并取得了良好的应用成果,从形态分析水平上表征元素的环境地球化学及其健康效应在国内外属于探索性工作。 相似文献