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1.
滇西新生代以来地壳活动趋势及其环境影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
新生代特别是第四纪以来,滇西地壳的活动强度在加剧：山脉、高原的构造隆升速率从全新世以前的０．３￣１．７ｍｍ／ａ变为全新世以来的２￣７ｍｍ／ａ;全新世以来盆地的构造沉降速率较更新世增长１￣２个数量级;断裂（以红河断裂为例）在第四纪错移速率不断加大;现代地壳应力值高、构造变形速度快、地震活动是度加剧、地热流异常明显。地壳活动性的加强,将造成滇西地势格局和山地地质灾害问题进一步恶化、湖泊加速收缩、区域稳 相似文献
2.
滇西北新生代以来地球动力学背景及其环境影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
新生代、特别是第四纪以来,滇西北地壳活动增强：山脉的构造隆升速率从全新世以前的０．３～１．７ｍｍ／ａ变为全新世以来的２～７．１ｍｍ／ａ;全新世盆地的构造沉降速率较更新世增长１～２个数量级;第四纪断裂（以红河断裂为例）错移速率不断加大;现代地壳应力值高,构造变形速度快,地震活动强度加剧,地热流异常明显。地壳活动性加剧将造成滇西北地势格局和山地地质灾害问题进一步恶化、湖泊加速收缩、区域稳定性降低等一系列环境问题,人类生存环境将更严酷。 相似文献
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三都澳口小腹大小深，是个不可多得的天然良港，其口门东冲口宽仅3km，澳内水深10m以上的水域面积达173km^2，主航道水深29m-125m，自1994年以来，三都澳城澳港区先后开展了选址，初勘，施工图等多阶段的工程地质勘察工作，2000年城澳港首个大型泊位-8#泊位万吨级多用途码头工程正式动工，主体工程已完工，后方堆场正在全面加紧施工，综合历次勘察工作成果，重点就港区内对工程建设具有重要意义的表层大厚度第四系长乐组软土的特性，作出分析和总结。 相似文献
4.
广东全新世海平面重建与冰川均衡调整模型结果的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国广东沿岸作为一个冰川均衡调整(GIA)“远场”地区,按照水动型均衡理论,应存在全新世中期高海平面.本文通过海平面标志物重建了广东古海平面的历史,结果显示出在粤东、粤西与珠江三角洲的海平面历史存在明显的差异.若将海平面历史与GIA模型结果对比,可以看出广东沿岸在全新世以来具有微小的区域性地壳沉降.这种大区域的沉降可归因于华南陆块向南延伸所引起.此外,粤西雷州半岛因新构造运动,于全新世早中期有轻微抬升.珠江三角洲盆地则因断裂构造沉降和沉积物压实作用,重建的中全新世海平面明显低于GIA结果. 相似文献
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在西班牙大陆边缘的一个地区完成了晚更新世－全新世沉积物地震剖面的层序地层分析，共识别出四类沉积背景：（１）低速沉降斜坡（２）高速沉降（２ｍ／千年）斜坡；（３）大西洋被动边缘“Ｒｒｉａ”型地貌；（４）具沉降作用的断层崖地貌体系。 相似文献
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全新世以来山东半岛东北部沿岸的相对海面（基准面）变化控制了入海河流河谷内全新统的发育,并通过影响进入海岸带碎屑物质的类型与数量,深刻影响了海岸带全新统的发育。全新世早期（１０～６ｋａ Ｂ． Ｐ．）快速的相对海面上升导致河谷溯源堆积,河流输沙中的推移质均堆积于河谷中,仅有悬移质进入海岸带堆积,因而海岸全新统下部均为细粒的海湾、湖、沼泽相沉积。全新世中期（６～４ｋａ Ｂ．Ｐ．）时海面虽已相对稳定,但早期基准面上升导致的河谷堆积作用仍在进行,因而中全新统的粗碎屑海岸沉积均为源于基岩海岸侵蚀的含贝壳砂砾石。从全新世后期（４ｋａ Ｂ．Ｐ．以来）开始有较丰富的河流推移质输沙进入海岸带,但由于不同规模河流对相对海面变化的地貌响应有显著差别,不同河流对海岸全新统发育的影响各不相同。上述结论为精确地解释低序列、小尺度地层层序提供了理论依据 相似文献
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松嫩平原盐碱土的形成与新构造运动关系的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
应用地质历史与气候-构造旋回相结合的分析方法,并采用卫星遥感技术,研究、揭示新构造运动对盐碱土形成的控制作用.研究表明,新构造运动的作用与过程为松嫩平原提供了苏打盐份的来源和搬运途径,并营造了盐份的聚集环境.苏打盐份主要富集于全新世盆地的沉降区,沉降中心为现代土壤盐碱化的重灾区.自全新世以来,由于气候的干暖化,积盐作用广泛进行,在地表1.5m深的范围内,发育多层碱土.中全新世以来,在原始的碱性草甸草原上,发育了植被和土被,形成了良好的覆盖层,它们对草原生态环境起了保护作用.自20世纪以来,随着人类对草原的过度开发和气候干暖化,导致土地迅速盐碱化. 相似文献
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以渤海湾泥质海岸带为例,从形态和地层证据2个方面总结了全新世岸线变化与海洋作用对该地区海岸带发育的影响。中全新世以来千年级别的岸线变迁至少以6次停顿（形成贝壳堤和泥质岭地）和岸进的交替为特征。过去130年间10年级别的岸线变化分为4个阶段,显示了＂小冰期＂结束后随气温上升而发生的岸线自然蚀退是如何逐渐被人类活动（特别是2000年以来的围海造陆）所取代的。全新世海相沉积中发现的9个峰值期和晚全新世的7次风暴驱动事件,表明了研究区泥质海岸带增强的海洋影响。这些结果提供了一条经由地质背景认识现代泥质海岸带过程的途径。 相似文献
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南海陆坡中新世以来沉积物特性与气体水合物分布初探 总被引：27，自引：12，他引：15
通过对南海陆坡地区中新世以来沉积物的一些属性和特征的研究,获得了下面的初步认识：（1）南海陆坡有几个沉积速率较高的地区, 如东沙一带、西沙海槽、中建南地区,以及南沙西南部和西北部（曾母、万安盆地）;（2）大洋钻探钻井资料的研究表明,中新世与早上新世为高碳酸盐比值的低速堆积期,而近200万a以来为低碳酸盐比值的高速堆积期,上新世晚期至全新世沉积物以粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土为最主要成分;（3）南海不同时期的沉积速率不同,全新世为沉积速率最高的时期,其次为更新世;上新世和中新世为沉积速率较低的时期。南海利于气体水合物存藏的沉积可能为全新世和更新世的沉积;（4）对南海晚第四纪以来沉积物的综合研究表明南海陆坡的A区（东沙附近）、B区（西沙海槽）、D区（南海西部、越南以东）等地区可能利于气体水合物的形成和分布;而E区（南沙西南部）、F区（南沙中上部）和G区(南沙海槽)则是气体水合物调查值得关注的地区。 相似文献
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11.
因重金属难以被生物降解,易形成毒害环境因子,沉积物中的重金属污染演变是工业化以来全球共同面临的生态环境问题。为揭示福建三都澳地区人类活动与重金属沉积的关系,对采集自三都澳海域的6根岩心柱进行了系统的粒度分析、210Pb测年以及重金属元素测试。研究结果表明：（1）近百年来,三都澳海域沉积物重金属含量呈现显著增加趋势,顶部比底部增加1.01~2.8倍,并表现出3个明显演变阶段：1900-1950年,沉积物中的重金属含量相对稳定;1950-2000年,重金属含量开始缓慢增加;2000年以来,远岸区重金属含量急剧增加。这种变化趋势与人口、经济发展密切相关。（2）三都澳近岸区沉积物重金属含量总体大于远岸区,自2000年以来,近岸区和远岸区沉积物重金属含量的演变趋势呈现差异性,表现为近岸区重金属含量有所降低,远岸区重金属含量急剧升高,这种时空差异与沉积物粒度变化及地区产业分布有密切关系。（3）重金属对三都澳海洋生态环境影响较大,在湾内渔业养殖强度越来越高的背景之下,应对近期以来湾内重金属含量的快速升高给予足够重视,提高保护和修复治理力度,避免海洋生态破坏。 相似文献
12.
W. Roland Gehrels Glenn A. Milne Jason R. Kirby R. Timothy Patterson D.F.Daniel F. Belknap 《Quaternary International》2004,120(1):79
It has long been recognised that sea levels along the shores of Atlantic Canada have been rising rapidly during the Holocene in response to isostatic crustal movements. New sea-level data for the Bay of Fundy coast of southern New Brunswick (Little Dipper Harbour) and the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia (Chezzetcook Inlet) show that late Holocene average rates of sea-level rise in these areas have been 1.0 and 2.5 m per 1000 yr, respectively. Numerical model calculations suggest that the high rates of sea-level rise are due to crustal subsidence produced by the combined effects of Laurentide ice loading (forebulge collapse) and ocean loading of the Scotian shelf. Although ice loading is the dominant contributor to the regional sea-level pattern, ocean loading is also important, contributing up to 40% of the total crustal subsidence in some areas. Tide gauges record rates of sea-level rise during the 20th century that are 0.7–1.9 mm/yr higher than late Holocene trends, with the highest residuals occurring in the Bay of Fundy. 相似文献
13.
Holocene variations in the Asian monsoon inferred from the geochemistry of lake sediments in central Tibet 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Carrie Morrill Jonathan T. Overpeck Julia E. Cole Caiming Shen 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(2):232-243
We present a record of monsoon variations for the early and middle Holocene that is inferred from the geochemistry of sediment cores from Ahung Co, a lake in central Tibet. The resolution of this record is better than 50 yr and the age model is derived from radiocarbon ages of terrestrial charcoal, which eliminates errors associated with the lake hard-water effect. We made down-core geochemical measurements of % carbonate, % organic carbon, C/N and δ13C of bulk organic matter, δ13C and δ18O of carbonate, and % dolomite. Proxy calibration and modern water-balance reconstruction show that these are proxies for lake depth and the amount of monsoon precipitation. We find that lake level and monsoon precipitation have been decreasing at Ahung Co since the early Holocene (∼7500 cal yr B.P.). Superimposed on this trend are rapid declines in monsoon rainfall at 7000-7500 and 4700 cal yr B.P. and seven century-scale wet-dry oscillations. The cores do not contain sediment from the last ∼4000 yr. Surface sediments from the lake accumulated during the 20th century, however. From this, we argue that lake levels have risen again recently following a late Holocene dry period. 相似文献
14.
Antony J. Long Sarah A. Woodroffe Sue Dawson David H. Roberts Charlotte L. Bryant 《第四纪科学杂志》2009,24(4):345-359
In West Greenland, early and mid Holocene relative sea level (RSL) fall was replaced by late Holocene RSL rise during the Neoglacial, after 4–3 cal. ka BP (thousand calibrated years before present). Here we present the results of an isolation basin RSL study completed near to the coastal town of Sisimiut, in central West Greenland. RSL fell from 14 m above sea level at 5.7 cal. ka BP to reach a lowstand of ?4.0 m at 2.3–1.2 cal. ka BP, before rising by an equivalent amount to present. Differences in the timing and magnitude of the RSL lowstand between this and other sites in West and South Greenland record the varied interplay of local and non‐Greenland RSL processes, notably the reloading of the Earth's crust caused by a Neoglacial expansion of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) and the subsidence associated with the collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet forebulge. This means that the timing of the sea level lowstand cannot be used to infer directly when the GIS advanced during the Neoglacial. The rise in Late Holocene RSL is contrary to recently reported bedrock uplift in the Sisimiut area, based on repeat GPS surveys. This indicates that a belt of peripheral subsidence around the current ice sheet margin was more extensive in the late Holocene, and that there has been a switch from subsidence to uplift at some point in the last thousand years or so. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Kamchatsky Bay is the northernmost bay at the Pacific Kamchatka coast. It is located at the junction between the Kamchatka segment of the Pacific subduction zone and the dextral transform fault of the western Aleutians. The combination of the subduction and collision processes in this region results in the unique set of tectonic controls influencing its geological and geomorphological evolution. The Kamchatka River estuarine area is located on the northern coast of Kamchatsky Bay. The modern Kamchatka River valley, its estuary, and an aggradation marine terrace some 30 km long and up to 5 km wide were formed in this area during the Holocene. A vast area in the rear part of the terrace and in the Stolbovskaya lowlands is now occupied by the peats deposited directly above lacustrine-lagoonal and fluvial facies. These aggradational landforms record traces of tsunamis and vertical coseismic deformations associated with great subduction earthquakes, as well as strike-slip and thrust faulting associated with the collision. The results indicate that the average recurrence interval for major tsunamis in the Kamchatsky Bay is 300 years. The recurrence interval on individual fault zones associated with the collision between the western Aleutian and Kamchatka arcs is a few thousand years for earthquakes of magnitude between 7 and 7.5. For the entire region, the recurrence interval for major crustal earthquakes associated with motions along faults may be equal to a few hundred years, which is comparable with that for subduction-zone earthquakes. 相似文献
16.
渭南沋河宋家北沟剖面上部为黄土堆积,下部为河湖相沉积;包括全新世黄土(0.8万年)、晚更新世黄土(0.8～13万年)、中更新世黄土(13～73万年)、早更新世中、晚期黄土(73～120万年)及早更新世早期(120～250万年)三门组和晚上新世晚期(250～300万年)沈河组上部。古地磁测定结果表明:B/M 界限位于第8层黄土(L_8)中,M/G 界限位于沈河组与三门组过渡带的上部;贾拉米诺亚带(J)位于S_(11)—S_(12)层段,奥尔都维亚带(O)位于三门组砂层中。渭南新寺剖面作为宋家北沟剖面的补充,可接续沋河组下部层位,古地磁年龄为280～350万年。 相似文献
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Phytolith evidence for C4-dominated grassland since the early Holocene at Long Pocket, northeast Queensland, Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Vanessa C. Thorn 《Quaternary Research》2004,61(2):168-180
Preliminary phytolith analysis of ephemeral lake fill sediment at Long Pocket, near Toomba, northeast Queensland, Australia, indicates that a C4-dominated grassland with a minor woody component has been present in the region since ca. 8000 cal yr B.P. Based on the modern distribution of C4 and C3 native grasses in Australia, this suggests that mean summer temperatures of at least 14°C (ca. 10°C cooler than present) were maintained since the early Holocene. This interpretation is comparable with previous studies, which together imply that the establishment of C4-dominated grasses in central and northeast Australia occurred between the last glacial maximum (most likely after ca. 16,000 14C yr B.P.) and ca. 7200 14C yr B.P. (ca. 8000 cal yr B.P.). Taxonomic composition of the grassland appears relatively consistent since the early Holocene at Long Pocket and includes phytoliths comparable with those from modern Arundinoideae, Panicoideae, and Chloridoideae. Rare non-grass phytoliths are also present. A gradual decrease in abundance of saddle phytolith forms (attributed to Chloridoideae grasses) from the base of the record at ca. 6500-7000 cal yr B.P. suggests decreasing aridity throughout the Holocene. This trend could reflect a locally drawn out effect of the end of the postglacial arid period due to the well-drained basalt flow catchment maintaining a local arid habitat for the Chloridoideae grasses. 相似文献