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1.
Nida Samad Muhammad Hamid Chauhdry Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Saleem Qudsia Hamid Umair Babar Hassan Tariq Muhammad Shahid Farid 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(6):466
Sediment yield is the amount of erosional debris from drainage basin deposited in reservoirs. The economic life of storage reservoir depends upon the estimation of the time it takes for the reservoir to be filled with the deposition of sediments. This research is based on assessing the sediment yield in Rawal Dam catchment by using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use maps, soil maps, and weather data of the study watershed were used as input to SWAT model. Monthly sedimentation data of year 2010 and discharge data from 1998 to 2005 is being used for model calibration and validation, respectively. Whereas simulations are being generated from 1998 to 2011 for both sedimentation and discharge. Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) was used for the estimation of sediment yield. The Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient of the model was found to be 0.79 which depicts its effectiveness. After the estimation of the sediment yield and discharge by using SWAT model, double mass curve was used to evaluate the sedimentation rate. The rate of sediment transport can be reduced by the construction of check dams. Various sites have also been proposed for check dams construction to prevent the sediments transported into the Rawal Catchment. 相似文献
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The soil conservation service (SCS) methodology for computing direct run-off, using soil-cover-moisture complexes involves the selection of a runoff curve number (CN) for such complex events. This method has been further simplified by introducing an assumption on initial abstraction, with only one unknown parameter CN, which is represented by the potential retention capacity of the watershed (S). In this study, coupled SCN-CN with USLE model was used for the estimation of the runoff and sediment yield for eleven watersheds of different land uses (urban, agricultural, and forest) from Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand, India. For the validation, runoffsediment yield model is employed to a large set of rainfall-runoff-sediment yield data (68 storm events) observed from eleven watersheds. Model performance was assessed by using Nash and Sutcliffe statistical method. The efficiency of results was varying from 60.42 to 92.99 % for sediment yield and 54.23 to 96.12 % for runoff; this efficiency showed a reliable performance of model for estimating the sediment yield and runoff. 相似文献
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Estimating of water erosion in semiarid regions using RUSLE equation under GIS environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Omar Djoukbala Mohamed Mazour Mahmoud Hasbaia Oussama Benselama 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(9):345
Water erosion is one of the main forms of land degradation in Algeria, with a serious repercussion on agricultural productivity. The purpose of this study is to estimate the soil loss of Wadi El-Ham watershed in the center of Algeria, this study aims also to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the use of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) under a Geographic Information System in this field. The RUSLE model involves the main factors of erosion phenomena, namely, rain aggressiveness, soil erodibility, topographic factor, land cover index and the anti-erosive practices factor. Using this approach, the specific erosion in Wadi El-Ham watershed is estimated as 5.7 (t/ha/yr) in the entire watershed area. This result is compared to the measured suspended sediment at the Rocade-Sud gauging station situated outlet the watershed. These data consist of 1293 instantaneous measures of the water discharge and the suspended sediment concentration recorded during 21 years. Through this comparison, the used approach of RUSLE under GIS estimates the soil loss in Wadi El-Ham in Hodna region of Algeria with an error of 7.5%. Consequently, the results obtained in cartographic format make it possible to target the areas requiring priority action for a larger scale analysis to find appropriate solutions to combat erosion and to protect the natural environment. 相似文献
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长江源区不同植被覆盖下产流产沙效应初步研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
在长江源区北麓河支流左冒西孔曲流域建立了不同植被覆盖下的天然径流观测场,观测天然降水和人工模拟降水在相同坡度不同植被覆盖下降水的产流产沙效应.结果表明:在典型高寒草甸草地30°坡面上,相同降水条件下,30%覆盖度的场地的地表径流产出量明显大于覆盖度92%和68%两个场地,同时产沙量也显著高于两个高盖度场地的,平均单次降水形成的泥沙量是后两种情形的2~4倍,由此造成地表侵蚀量平均为后两种情形的3~10倍;但在相同降水条件下,92%高盖度场地产生的径流量比68%盖度场地产生的径流量大,产沙量刚好相反.不同降水形态对于下垫面产流产沙过程也具有明显影响,无论下垫面状况如何,在几种降水形态中,降雪融水的产流量最大,产沙量最小.人工模拟的结果表明,对于覆盖度<68%的中、强度退化草地,次降水量在3.5 mm时,就形成了较为明显的径流和产沙效应.当次降雨量达到7.2 mm,降雨持续时间30 min,覆盖度为30%、68%和92%的25 m2场地分别形成2885 mL、2450 mL和1030 mL的径流量;覆盖度<30%的退化草地泥沙含量明显高于高覆盖度的,相同降水形成的平均泥沙含明显高于高覆盖度的, 相同降水形成的平均泥沙含量高达2~7倍. 相似文献
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Noha Donia 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(9):3217-3228
Delineation of Lake Karoun watershed in Egypt was carried out and various watershed parameters and environmental characteristics were extracted using geographic information system and remote sensing. Environmental characteristics including normalized vegetation index (NDVI), moisture index, land surface temperature, and land use classes were obtained from high spatial resolution images (Landsat TM). Moreover, hydrological parameters, drainage flow directions, drainage networks, and catchments from digital elevation model have been delineated using the Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite images. As a result, the lake's watershed characteristics including the environmental and hydrological factors for each watershed zone were presented and analyzed. The information generated would be of immense help in hydrological modeling of watershed for prediction of runoff and sediment yield, thereby providing necessary inputs for developing suitable developmental management plans with sound scientific basis. 相似文献
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Kishan Singh Rawat Vinod Kumar Tripathi Anil Kumar Mishra 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(8):3131-3145
Assessment of soil loss through Sediment Yield Index (SYI) is important for watershed planning, prioritization, and development. In the absence of measured sediment data, SYI expressing the relative sediment yield from different basins work as a basis for grading another basin to adopt erosion control measures. An attempt was made to evaluate SYI in wider scale by using cost-effective tools like remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS). SYI was calculated for Madia subwatershed, which consists of 29 microwatersheds and located in Sagar District, Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) The IRS LISS III data and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation models (DEM) of 90-m resolution were used to identify land use characteristics and geomorphometric analysis. Major land use was observed as agricultural land (24.7 %), water bodies (16.7 %), forest area (10.2 %), and settlement (21.3 %). In categorization, similar overall accuracy was observed for dense forest, barren land, settlement, and water bodies. The highest SYI with a value more than 20 was observed in microwatershed Mw6, Mw7, and Mw24, which comprises 33 % of the total watershed area. It gives the information about the watershed area that requires very high priority. 相似文献
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西南喀斯特区土层浅薄、成土速率低等特点决定了其允许土壤流失量小,土壤一旦流失,极难恢复,土壤侵蚀及其造成的石漠化现象已成为制约该区可持续发展最严重的生态环境问题。文章首先明晰西南喀斯特区土壤侵蚀特征,从坡面、小流域和区域三个尺度上系统概括西南喀斯特区土壤侵蚀的相关研究进展。针对当前喀斯特区土壤侵蚀研究野外径流小区、小流域及区域空间尺度数据缺少和相关研究模型限制性强等不足,建议从不同尺度深入研究喀斯特区土壤侵蚀发生发展规律及时空演化格局,并结合高新遥感、地球物理探测技术及模型,同步监测坡面—小流域—区域土壤流失,对土壤侵蚀进行定量评估,结合不同空间尺度土壤侵蚀特征构建系统性水土保持生态恢复治理模式和监测系统评价体系。 相似文献
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通过分析河流Flashiness指数的时空变异,进而评估水电开发、土地利用变化等人类活动对河流径流时空变异特征的影响。本研究选取地处东南沿海的中尺度流域——九龙江流域,基于1967~2007年近40年的水文资料,利用Flashiness指数、基流指数等重要水文指数,并借助GIS、多元统计分析的方法来识别九龙江北溪与西溪两大干流流域近40年来径流时空变化特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明,九龙江流域近40年来径流特征发生显著的变化,流域面积是影响九龙西溪和北溪径流时空变化的自然因素,大坝建设、水电开发改变了九龙江流域的水文条件,进而影响了径流量的年内分布规律及泥沙输出特征,土地利用变化是影响流域径流特征变化的潜在因子。研究结果可为流域水资源管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Roya Narimani Mahdi Erfanian Habib Nazarnejad Ahmad Mahmodzadeh 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):353
This study was undertaken to evaluate land use change impact and management scenarios on annual average surface runoff (SR) and sediment yield (SY) using the GeoWEPP tool in the Lighvanchai watershed (located in northwestern Iran). Following a sensitivity analysis, the WEPP model was calibrated (2005–2007) and validated (2008–2010) against monthly observed SY and SR. The coefficient of determination (R 2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), mean bias error (MBE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were applied to quantitatively evaluate the WEPP model. The results indicate a satisfactory model performance with R 2 > 0.80 and NSE > 0.60. Therefore, the model for current land use (scenario 1) was run for a 30-year time period (1982–2011). The annual average of SR and sediment load were predicted as 93,584 m3/year and 4340 ton/year, respectively. To reduce the annual average surface runoff and sediment yield at the watershed scale, the second scenario (alfalfa cultivation with suitable tillage) and the third scenario (grassland development) as two management scenarios of land use changes were defined by identifying the critical hillslopes. The rate of SR and sediment load in the second scenario were 42,096 m3/year and 429 ton/year, respectively. For the third scenario, the model predictions were 30,239 m3/year and 226 ton/year, respectively. Compared to the first scenario, the reduction rates in annual average of sediment load were about 90 and 94%, respectively. Moreover, for the second and third management scenarios, the reduction rates in annual average of SR were about 55 and 67%, respectively. 相似文献
12.
常用的水土保持措施是退耕还林,但淮河流域是中国重要的农业产区,大规模实行退耕还林并不现实,所以通过调整耕地类型来减少水土流失可能是解决社会经济发展和生态保护矛盾的好方法。为研究不同耕地类型对流域水文要素及产沙的影响,考虑水田和旱地两种耕地类型对淮河息县水文站上游流域构建SWAT模型,构造A(实际耕地利用方式)、B(所有耕地为水田)和C(所有耕地为旱地)三种耕地类型情景,比较不同耕地类型情景下流域水文要素及产沙的变化情况。研究结果表明:所构建的SWAT模型在息县流域径流及泥沙模拟中具有良好的适用性,R2和NSE(Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency)均达到0.75以上;水田和旱地两种不同耕地类型对流域多年年均蒸散发及多年平均径流量影响较小,但对流域产沙量影响较大,在汛期更为明显,模拟期内每平方公里水田每年最多比旱地少产沙491.8t,平均每年少产沙约208.7t。采取水田耕种比旱地耕种更有利于减少息县流域内的水土流失。 相似文献
13.
King Talal Dam (KTD) watershed is the most important one in Jordan. At its outlet lies the KTD (80 MCM capacity) which serves
irrigation purposes in the Jordan Valley. However, the dam suffers from accelerated annual sedimentation. Therefore, this
study is directed to assess the erosion risk over the watershed, and to simulate actual annual sediment yield at the dam in
order to devise the appropriate conservation practices. Generalized assessment was first conducted over the watershed on the
basis of drainage texture, rainfall erosion index (R), and the ratio p2/P. As a result, the watershed is divided into zones of severe, high (gullying), high (overland flow) and low erosion risk.
Sediment yield at the dam was evaluated by a simulation model. For model validation the simulation results were compared to
the measured values over 12 years period, and a good agreement was obtained in some of the years. The simulation results allow
us to assess the application of two practical conservation practices: terracing and plantation of trees.
Received: 18 November 1997 · Accepted: 18 May 1998 相似文献
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以丰乐河流域为研究对象,选用SWAT2000模型定量化研究不同子流域划分层次对模型模拟结果的影响,得到结论:①不同的子流域划分层次在阈值范围内对径流过程的影响较小,而对泥沙、营养物的影响较大;②就本流域而言,子流域划分层次对模拟结果的影响存在上限、下限两个阈值,高于上限,出现模拟失真,低于下限,尽管可通过调参获得满意结果,但难以满足流域规划与管理对空间数据的要求,阈值的确定与具体的流域特征有关;③就本流域而言,当子流域划分数量比较少时,出口泥沙响应的敏感性高于总磷、总氮;当子流域划分数量比较多时,出口泥沙响应的敏感性要低于总磷、总氮。 相似文献
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S. M. Kim T. I. Jang M. S. Kang S. J. Im S. W. Park 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2155-2165
The objective of this study was to assess the lake sediment budget of land use changes using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), sediment delivery ratio (SDR), and trap efficiency (TE). The geographic information system was combined with the USLE to estimate the soil erosion of the Lake Asan watershed. Spatial data for each of the USLE factors were obtained from the land use, soil, and 1/25,000 scale digital contour maps. Landsat-5 TM images were selected for analyzing soil erosion changes due to land use changes. The sediment yield to Lake Asan was estimated using the SDR and TE. The estimated sediment budget was compared with observed data from the Lake Asan watershed between 1974 and 2003. The total estimated annual mean sediment budgets from Lake Asan in 1986, 1992, and 2000 were 0.267, 0.301, and 0.339 × 106 ton, respectively, with an average of 0.302 × 106 ton. The average measured sediment budget was 3.15 × 106 ton year?1. The average estimated value shows reasonable agreement with the observed sediment balance. The average estimated and measured sediment budgets contain uncertainties due to both the methods and the approach used by the observers. The simulated results indicated that soil erosion in the Lake Asan watershed increased at a rate of approximately 2 % per year from 1986 to 2000 due to land use change. This study may be useful for managers to identify reservoir rehabilitation management methods for stable irrigation water supply. 相似文献
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Land and water resources development plans are generally adopted at watershed level. Delineation of watersheds and their prioritization within large river basins requires host of terrain parameters to be studied and analysed. Chopan watershed in Central India has been studied for sub-watershed delineation and prioritization based on drainage morphometry, land use/land cover and sediment yield index analysis using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The watershed was demarcated into five sub-watersheds on the basis of drainage flow directions, contour value, slope, elevation. Geocoded satellite data of 1989 and 2001 on 1:50 000 scale were visually interpreted to prepare land use/land cover and drainage maps which were later digitized using Arcview/ArcGIS. Linear and shape aspects of the sub-watersheds were computed and used for prioritization. The results show widespread variation in drainage characteristics, land cover changes and sediment yield rates across sub-watersheds. On the basis of morphometric, land use/land cover change and sediment yield index, sub-watersheds were grouped into low, medium and high priority. A correlation of results show that SW1 and SW5 are common sub-watersheds falling under high and low priority based on morphometric, land use change analysis and SYI. The priority list of sub-watersheds will be crucial for decision making and implementation of land and water resource conservation projects. 相似文献
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DEM分辨率对分布式水沙过程模拟具有重要影响,然而,产生影响的内部机制尚不明确。改进水沙物理模型CASC2D-SED的结构,将坡度由DEM在模型内部直接提取改为由模块单独计算,并将坡度设计为模型的独立输入参数,通过单独改变坡度参数来研究坡度对水沙模拟DEM尺度效应的影响。基于改进的CASC2D-SED模型,以内蒙古准格尔旗沙圪堵镇附近的一个小流域为研究对象,以无人机航测的1m分辨率DEM数据、野外实测与室内实验获得的土壤特性数据、土地利用数据和降雨数据为基础,采用3种水沙模拟方案进行多象元尺度的水沙过程模拟,进而探索水沙过程模拟的DEM尺度效应及发生机制。研究表明:⑴在4~20m GRID分辨率区间模拟的径流量位于323.18m3和411.43m3之间,波动不大;⑵2~20m GRID分辨率区间内,模拟的侵蚀流量在3.43m3和65.61m3间变化,波动很大;(3)坡度和径流路径是水文过程模拟DEM尺度效应的两个对立影响因子,是水文过程模拟DEM尺度效应不明显的主要原因;⑷DEM尺度效应对侵蚀输沙具有重要影响,地形坡度是侵蚀输沙DEM尺度效应的主要控制因子;⑸地形坡度随DEM分辨率降低而发生的空间上的波动变化是侵蚀输沙量随DEM分辨率降低而波动变化的原因。 相似文献
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在长江和黄河源区的左冒西孔曲和纳通河、垮热洼尔玛河流域的不同植被覆盖下建立了天然径流观测场,利用观测天然降水和人工模拟降水,初步研究了江河源区不同植被覆盖下降水的产流产沙效应。结果表明,长江黄河源区的3个小流域内,在典型高寒草甸草地30°坡面上,退化较为严重的30%覆盖度以下的场地内,地表径流产出量明显大于覆盖度较好的95%、92%和68%场地,同时产沙量显著高于这3个场地,其平均单次降水形成的泥沙量是这三种盖度的2~4倍,由此造成地表侵蚀量平均为这3种盖度的3~10倍。通过对几次典型的降水形态的分析,在长江黄河源区高寒草甸草地的坡面上,不但降水量影响着产流产沙量,降水形态也影响着产流产沙量,降雨仍是引起水土流失的主要降水形态,在降水量相同的条件下,降雪可比降雨和雨加雪增加产流量2.1~3.5倍,可比降雨减少泥沙侵蚀45.4%~80.3%。人工模拟结果表明:对于覆盖度为5%和30%的强度退化草地,次降水量在3.5 mm时,就形成了较为明显的径流和产沙效应,当次降雨量达到7 mm,降雨持续时间15 min,5 m2场地内就会形成1 400 mL以上的径流量;在地表土壤含水量(FDR测0~5 cm平均含水量为36.7%)较高的情况下,次降雨量达4mm,降雨强度超过0.4 mm/min,在5 m2场地内历时5 min就能形成1 060 mL的地表径流,每100 mL径流中含泥沙高达1.6 g。这一试验结果在长江黄河源区3个不同的河源小流域是一致的。 相似文献
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一种可用于表征土地利用变化水文效应的水文模型探讨--SWAT模型在云州水库流域的应用研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
基于对SWAT模型的发展和运行流程的概述，以云州水库流域为例，模拟了20世纪80年代土地覆被状况下的1985年的流量过程。从结果来看，云州水库流域日径流模拟值与实测值曲线拟合度较好，其模拟结果的确定性系数为0．79，达到了乙等方案的要求，取得了较好的模拟效果。由此可以看出，SWAT模型在云州水库流域的应用是比较成功的，从而为该流域不同土地利用变化和土地覆被变化(LUCC)下的水文效应研究奠定了较好的基础。 相似文献