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1.
锦屏一级水电站泄洪洞位于雅砻江右岸埋深大于100m的大理岩中,构造条件复杂,确定隧洞开挖面是否可能产生关键块体对工程安全具有重要意义。本文在对泄洪洞中导洞地质调查和研究基础上,将随机概率模型引入关键块体理论,分析关键块体的生成概率、体积大小与安全系数,得出关键块体形成概率服从负指数分布,主要取决于J②、J④组裂隙迹长的分布情况;关键块体的体积与主要结构面迹长成正比,最终收敛于结构面对关键块体完全切割时的关键块体体积;关键块体的安全系数随主要结构面迹长的增加而降低,但是同样收敛于结构面对关键块体的完全切割情况。为设计有效的加固方案提供了依据,具有积极的工程应用价值。 相似文献
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Summary Usually, rock joints are observed in outcrops and excavation walls only as traces. Under some assumptions about the shapes of the joints and the nature of their size distributions, the underlying joint size distribution can be estimated from trace length measurements. However, the interpretation of trace length distributions from line mapping data should be approached with caution. The data are always length-biased and furthermore, the semi-trace length, the trace length, and the underlying joint size may have different distributional forms. Semi-trace length distributions are monotonic decreasing functions not sensitive to changes in the real trace length distributions. Experimental full trace length distributions are shown to have lognormal distributions and to be insensitive to major changes in the underlying joint size distributions. Under the assumptions of joint convexity and circularity a parametric model for the three-dimensional distribution of joint sizes is developed. A maximum likelihood estimation of the distribution of joint diameters, which best reflects the observed joint trace data, and corrects simultaneously for joint censoring, truncation and size bias, is developed. The theory is illustrated with numerical examples using data collected from five field sites. 相似文献
3.
公路隧道局部塌方洞段的围岩稳定性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合某公路隧道工程,以现场地质调查和监测资料为基础,在结构面发育且可能发生大规模塌方的围岩洞段,根据现场实际统计的优势结构面产状,采用关键块体理论、非连续变形方法（DDA）首先确定围岩主要的失稳破坏模式,然后运用连续介质分析程序FLAC,在DDA方法确定的围岩实际变形破坏塌方形态的基础上进行计算分析,评价围岩的整体稳定性及加固措施的有效性。分析表明,围岩破坏的主要模式为受结构面控制的局部块体的失稳,工程开挖后围岩不会发生大变形,这与实际情况基本一致,为安全施工提供了保证。采用非连续变形方法和连续介质计算相结合的分析方法对隧道工程塌方稳定性进行研究,取得了较好的效果,研究方法和经验可为类似工程参考并借鉴。 相似文献
4.
Based on binocular stereo photography measurement technology, the actual distribution information of joints and fractures in the tunnel face were obtained via image processing and feature extraction, and the preliminary evaluation of surrounding rock stability of Laohushan tunnel was conducted according to surrounding rock classification method. Since all available surrounding rock classification approaches didn’t consider the influences of the size effect of tunnel excavation span and unfavorable geologic bodies such as weak-fracture zones, an improved discontinuous deformation analysis (DDARF) method was adopted to conduct a numerical simulation of the deformation and fracture processes of the surrounding rock. Using the traveling wave method, triangle DDA blocks were automatically generated in the calculation zone, and the block boundaries were divided into real joints and virtual joints. Based on the real joint information obtained via aforementioned photographic measurement, the real joints in the tunnel face were dynamically modified, in order to achieve the simulation of joint distribution. The results revealed that the fracture evolution regularity, deformation failure mechanism, and block dropping phenomenon that the DDARF joint simulation model calculated are in good agreement with actual conditions, while those obtained based on conventional models present differences from field situation. Additionally, focusing on the localised rockfall phenomenon of Laohushan tunnel, the crack extension rate was introduced to conduct a quantitative comparison of the rock crack evolution process with or without anchor supporting. The research results offer practical guidance for field construction and anchorage support scheme optimization. 相似文献
5.
Estimating the Mean Trace Length of Rock Discontinuities 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
Summary Rock discontinuities appear as traces on exposures such as natural outcrops or tunnel walls. Discontinuity size which has
important effects on rock mass behavior is related to trace length.
This paper presents a technique for estimating mean trace length from the observations made on finite, circular sampling
windows. The method takes sampling errors into account and it requires, like existing methods using rectangular sampling windows,
that the numbers of discontinuities with both ends censored, with one end observed and one end censored, and with both ends
observed be known. Knowledge of the lengths of the observed traces and the distribution of trace lengths is not required.
A major advantage of the proposed method over the existing methods is that it does not need sampling data about the orientation
of discontinuities, i.e. the proposed method is applicable to traces with arbitrary orientation distributions.
To check the validity of the proposed method, theoretical relations between the mean trace length and the mean diameter of
circular discontinuities, respectively for lognormal and negative exponential distributions of the diameter of discontinuities,
are derived. The proposed method is then applied to analyze data simulated with the FracMan code, and the predicted results
are compared to the corresponding theoretical solutions. The results show that the proposed method is satisfactory. Comparisons
of the predicted mean trace length with the mean of observed trace lengths show that it is important to consider sampling
biases when estimating mean trace length. 相似文献
6.
Box fractal dimension as a measure of statistical homogeneity of jointed rock masses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Pinnaduwa H. S. W. Kulatilake Reno Fiedler Bibhuti B. Panda 《Engineering Geology》1997,48(3-4):217-229
A written computer programme to estimate the box fractal dimension (DB) is verified by estimating DB of the triadic Koch curve for which the theoretical D is known. The influence of a number of input parameters of the box-counting method on the accuracy of estimated DB is evaluated using the same Koch curve. The employed size range of the applied box networks was found to be the parameter which has the strongest influence on the accuracy of estimated DB. This indicated the importance of finding the range of self-similarity or self-affinity for the object considered to select the proper range for the box sizes and, in turn, to obtain accurate estimates of DB. By calculating DB for different block sizes sampled from three generated two-dimensional joint patterns, it is shown that DB can capture the combined effect of joint-size distribution and joint density on the statistical homogeneity of rock masses. The spatial variation of DB along a 350 m stretch of a tunnel in the shiplock area of the Three Gorges dam site is computed using the joint data mapped on the walls and the roof of the tunnel. This spatial variation of DB is used, along with the visual geological evaluation of the joint trace maps of the tunnel, in making decisions about statistical homogeneity of the rock mass around the tunnel. The results obtained on statistically homogeneous regions were found to be quite similar to the results obtained from a previous statistical homogeneity investigation which incorporated the effect of number of joint sets and their orientation distributions, but not the spatial variation of DB. It is recommended that the spatial variation of DB is used, along with the results of other methods such as contingency table analysis and equal area plots, which incorporate the effect of joint orientation distribution, in addition to the geology of the site, in determining the statistically homogeneous regions of jointed rock masses. 相似文献
7.
提出了一种变有害奇异值为更有利于横向储层预测有效信息的提取方法———瞬空参数法（SIPA）,并与时间域中基于复数道分析的常规瞬时参数法进行了对比。瞬空参数法是通过将地震数据沿层重组后,构成沿层变化的反射振幅信号道,以它为实数道进行瞬空复数道分析,计算出瞬空参数。横向振幅的变化点正是不满足解析条件和性质的奇点,这些奇点所对应的奇异值,刚好对应沿层横向地质结构的突变点。又由于瞬空相位和瞬空波数沿层方向的相对变化率大于振幅的相对变化率,因此利用瞬空参数进行断层、裂缝、缝洞发育带、河道、地层尖灭点等各种岩性突变点更有效。通过瞬空参数应用效果的数值模拟和Y地区的资料处理,以及裂缝性储层预测的实际效果,证明了上述结论的正确性。 相似文献
8.
以重庆梁-忠（梁平县-忠县）高速公路礼让隧道为工程研究背景,通过测线法调查现场节理,获得了节理产状分布概率密度函数,并从分形几何学的角度分析了节理间距及迹长的分形分布规律,推导出能反映节理间距及迹长分布状态的分形维数D及分形分布概率密度函数。在该基础上采用Matlab软件以及Monte-Carlo随机分析方法,产生节理参数随机数,结合3DEC中最新模块离散裂隙网络(DFN)技术,建立了能反映节理裂隙分布特征的离散裂隙网络模型并验证了模型的有效性,结果表明,分形分布比负指数分布包含更多的间距、迹长分布信息,更接近于实际分布;分形维数D反映了节理间距、迹长在其变化范围内的分布特征,分形维数的大小取决于小间距、小迹长部分数量在总节理数量中的比例,为节理裂隙岩体网络模型构建提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
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不连续面平均速长概率估值法及其应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
在进行不连续面3-D网络模拟过程中, 不连续面的大小是一个重要的参数, 该数据主要来源是在现场露头上测量不连续面出露的迹长。由于取样中不可避免的偏差而使结果有误差, 在进行平均迹长估计时取样的误差必须予以校正, 本文介绍一种用概率的方法考虑取样误差通过有限2-D露头上测量的不连续面数据求算无限2-D空间平均迹长的技术。该方法可以借助计算机进行处理。 相似文献
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This paper proposes a new method using centroid sliding pyramid (CSP) to identify the removability and stability of fractured hard rock in tunnel and slope engineering. The new method features two geometrical and topological improvements over the original key block method (KBM). Firstly, all the concave corners are considered as starting points of cutting process when a concave block is divided into a set of convex blocks in the original KBM. Only the concave corners formed by two joint planes are used for partitioning a concave block in the presented method and concave corners with free planes are excluded. Secondly, joint pyramid for removability computation in the original KBM is generated using all of the joint planes, while CSP is calculated only from the joint planes adjoining the free planes. The cone angle θ of CSP is the vectorial angle formed by the two candidate sliding surfaces of this CSP. Removability analysis of a block is transformed into calculating the cone angle of CSP. The geometrical relationship is simplified, and data size for removability computation is reduced compared with the original KBM. The provided method is implemented in a computer program and validated by examples of fractured rock slopes and tunnels. 相似文献
13.
M. Scaioni L. Barazzetti A. Giussani M. Previtali F. Roncoroni M. I. Alba 《Earth Science Informatics》2014,7(2):83-95
This paper presents two innovative methods for tunnel monitoring that are based on digital photogrammetry. Both have been conceived to speed up operations that are currently accomplished by using engineering geodesy techniques and instruments. On the same time, proposed solutions are cheap and affordable. The first one is aimed at measuring relative deformations of transversal cross-section of tunnels. Some special targets are placed on the tunnel vault and their coordinates are measured by means of a small photogrammetric block made up of four images. A wire is used to setup the scale and to make all measurements comparable overtime. The second method can be applied for the measurement of vertical deformations along the longitudinal profile of tunnels. A new image-based approach called ‘photogrammetric levelling’ is discussed here, which is based on the metric rectification of each single image depicting a couple of special rods to be hung on levelling benchmarks. This technique can be used to replace traditional optical and digital level instruments. Both applications can be carried out by using a calibrated amateur camera. Some experiments in controlled and real environments allowed assessing performances and limitations of these techniques for operational surveys in tunnel monitoring. 相似文献
14.
锦屏一级水电站泄洪洞位于雅砻江右岸埋深大于100m的大理岩中,构造条件复杂,在施工开挖过程中产生大量不稳定块体,严重影响工程安全。本文以泄洪洞0＋210～0＋230m段中导洞现场工程为依托,根据所揭露出的工程地质条件,采用赤平投影、统计分析和块体理论等手段,对该工程段可能存在的不稳定块体进行了分析和预测。分析得到如下结论：（1）未开挖段不稳定块体由fxh-14、fxh-16断层与②、④组节理和开挖临空面切割产生,主要分布在右侧拱脚部位;（2）可能的大小主要取决于②、④组结构面的延伸长度;（3）搜索结果表明：未开挖段右侧拱脚处存在两处大型块体。经块体理论计算,其中由L一。。与②、④组节理和临空面组合而成的不稳定块体体积26．8m3,稳定性系数2．89。而fxh-14、fxh-16断层、②组节理与临空面切割而成的不稳定块体体积25．40,破坏模式为直接掉落,应施以相应的工程支护补强措施。 相似文献
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隧道围岩中的结构面将岩体切割成块体,块体在自然状态下的静力平衡因为隧道开挖而被打破,临空面的产生和动荷载的施加都可能导致块体的滑移,进而引起围岩失稳。以往应用块体理论寻找关键块体时,多只考虑纯重力的作用,而忽视了爆破振动、地震等动荷载对诱发失稳灾害的重要作用。将爆破振动荷载和地震荷载转化为等效静力,并通过数学计算求出使块体安全系数最低的动荷载方向,再利用关键块体理论矢量分析方法分析隧道围岩的稳定性。在长岗隧道中的应用表明,考虑动荷载作用下的块体安全系数明显小于只考虑重力作用时的安全系数,原本稳定的块体也可能在动荷载作用下变成关键块体导致围岩失稳,这与长岗隧道现场记录的破坏现象相符。 相似文献
17.
开挖边坡随机楔体稳定分析与加锚优化方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
随机楔体的破坏是岩石开挖边坡中常见的破坏类型之一，在对组成楔体的结构而调查统计的基础上，应用随机模拟的方法，生成开挖边坡的三维裂隙网络，进一步运用随机搜索方法与块体理论，搜索出边坡面上的随机楔体，进行楔体的稳定分析，采用风险设计的理论，建立系统锚杆的优化设计方法，将研究结果应用于小湾水电站进水口开挖边坡的稳定分析与锚固优化设计中，得到了较为可信的结果。 相似文献
18.
在以往关于圆柱形衬砌隧道的瞬态动力响应中,衬砌周围土体大多假定为弹性介质或饱和介质。然而,自然界中的土体大多为非饱和介质。考虑土体与衬砌结构的动力相互作用及动荷载引起的附加质量密度的影响,研究了瞬态荷载作用下非饱和土中无限长深埋圆柱形衬砌隧道的动力响应。基于多孔介质混合物理论和连续介质力学理论,建立了非饱和土中圆柱形衬砌隧道受到瞬态荷载作用时衬砌及周围土体的控制方程,利用Durbin数值反演法得到了衬砌及土体在时间域的动力响应。数值分析了饱和度对瞬态荷载下径向位移、径向应力、环向应力和孔隙水压力的影响。结果表明：饱和度对衬砌及周围土体的瞬态响应影响显著;饱和度对径向位移沿径向的衰减影响较小,对环向应力和孔隙压力沿径向的衰减影响较大。 相似文献
19.
基于信号重构的地震道插值 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
在简要回顾几种插值方法的基础上 ,提出了基于信号重构的地震道插值方法。这种方法无需任何地质和地球物理假设 ,主要用于恢复缺失的地震道。本方法的基础是傅立叶变换理论和最小平方反演技术。文中给出了原理、算法、实现步骤及简要的流程框图。如果对变换域的参数进行规则采样 ,则该方法可以用高效、快速的算法来实现。本插值方法适用于规则和非规则采样的数据。文中给出了理论合成数据和实际数据的试验结果 ,并对结果进行了讨论。同时 ,本方法对于 AVO分析、DMO处理、三维叠前偏移成像等研究也将是有益的 相似文献
20.
地震相干体技术简介及其应用 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
通过对三维数据体各种逻辑关系和物理属性的分析研究,认为地震三维数据体的不连续性主要反映断层和岩性的变化;连续性则主要反映岩性的均一性和地层的连续性。根据这一特点,利用地震相干体技术可在相干切片上直观地反映构造和断层的分布情况。通过方法介绍、程序设计和地震相干体技术应用的两个实例,展示该技术在三维地震资料处理中的应用效果。 相似文献