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1.
浅层地下水氮污染的影响因素分析--以松嫩盆地松花江北部高平原为例 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
研究区浅层地下水中的NO-3质量浓度在时间分布上与降雨(包括降雨期、降雨量)和施肥(包括施肥期、施肥量)存在较大的相关性.同一年内9月份(丰水期末)浅层地下水中NO-3质量浓度大于5月份(枯水期末)的质量浓度.年际间总体变化趋势随年降雨量的变化而变化.在空间分布上主要受地下水水位埋深、水力坡度、含水层岩性及厚度的影响,水位埋深越大、含水层渗透性越强、水力坡度越小,浅层地下水中NO-3质量浓度增高的趋势越明显.为验证上述定性分析所得结论的可靠性,采用因子分析法对上述时空变量进行了定量评价.结果表明,研究区浅层地下水中的氮污染主要是上述时空变量共同影响的结果,其中降雨和水位埋深对其影响程度相对较大. 相似文献
2.
降雨诱发的浅层黄土滑坡是黄土高原重要的地质灾害类型之一.斜坡水分空间分布和变化趋势是导致斜坡失稳的重要因素,但基于此的剖面监测数据较少.依托延安黄土地质灾害野外观测基地,选择典型黄土斜坡,在坡面布设两条5 m深的水分探测纵剖面,观测在降雨过程中斜坡水分的空间特征.监测结果显示：1）降雨引起的土壤含水率变化深度有限,与降雨量成正相关关系;2）土壤含水率随时间变化表现出周期性特征,随深度增加,周期逐渐变长;3）斜坡水分在空间分布上存在明显的各向异性——垂向上表现为含水率的不均匀性与阶段性,而在斜坡的不同部位,受降雨影响坡顶-坡腰-坡脚含水率大致呈递减趋势,其中坡顶、坡脚的水分波动程度最大,坡脚的入渗深度最大. 相似文献
3.
淮北平原降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水文地质参数对地下水资源评价起着至关重要的作用。其中,降雨入渗补给系数是影响浅层地下水水量、水质的重要参数。它对研究区域水量转化和水量平衡也十分重要。但是由于受降雨量、土壤类型、植被、地下水埋深等诸多因素的影响,准确判断降雨入渗补给系数存在很大困难。如果没有考虑这些因素的影响,尤其是降雨量和地下水埋深的影响,所推求的降雨入渗补给系数就会存在较大误差。结合安徽省淮北平原区五道沟水文实验站观测的降雨量、地下水补给量、地下水水位资料,利用两种不同的方法推求了不同降雨量等级的次降雨入渗补给系数。根据统计学理论研究了不同降雨量条件下,次降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深变化的分布规律,建立了次降雨入渗补给系数与地下水埋深的回归模型,并进行了相应的检验。研究表明,在控制地下水埋深的条件下,次降雨入渗补给系数随地下水埋深的变化符合指数分布;在地下水位自由变动的条件下符合伽玛分布。 相似文献
4.
该文以河南省贾鲁河中牟段为研究区,探究贾鲁河与河岸带浅层地下水的补排关系以及河水对浅层地下水的影响。通
过野外地质调查、水文地质试验、水位监测及水质检测,分析河岸带地表水与地下水的补排关系及污染特征。结果表明,受
中牟县抽取地下水的影响,该河段周围浅层地下水位低于河水位,河流补给地下水,平均单宽补给量为2.04 m2·d-1;河水中
NH3和COD污染较为严重,地下水中“三氮”均超标,其中NO2和NH3污染严重;河水NH3-N浓度远高于地下水,接受河
流补给的地下水NH3污染严重;因硝化作用,远离河流地下水NH3-N浓度逐渐降低,而NO3-N浓度逐渐升高。 相似文献
5.
为揭示低温水影响下的河岸带潜流层的温度场和流场分布特性,利用野外水温水位实时监测试验,研究河岸带潜流层温度场在不同季节、不同空间位置上的分布特性,并利用水温资料计算获得地下水流速。结果表明:河岸带潜流层温度场在夏季和冬季分别呈现出"上暖下冷"和 "上冷下暖"的温度分层现象;通过对温度示踪方法的4种计算方法进行分析比较,得到Hatch相位法计算的地下水流速具有较高的准确性,在2014年12月15—31日时段内流速大小为1.03×10-4~7.96×10-4m/s,在空间上,断面深度增加,地下水流速降低,且不同深度流速曲线接近平行。 相似文献
6.
祁连山退化高寒草甸土壤水分空间变异特征分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用传统统计学方法和地统计学方法,对祁连山地区受到过度放牧影响而退化为以狼毒为优势种的高寒草甸的土壤水分垂直变异特征、水平空间异质性以及分布特征进行了系统分析. 结果表明：在垂直方向上,0~100 cm土壤水分含量随深度的增加而逐渐减少,土壤水分含量的变化速度随深度的增加也趋于减少;土壤水分分布的变异系数在浅层和深层土壤较大,在中层土壤较小. 在水平方向上,0~40 cm土壤水分具有中等空间变异性,其中10~20 cm土壤水分变异性主要受根系的影响,随机部分引起的变异性最大;而在其他土壤层,随着深度的增加土壤水分含量由随机部分引起的空间异质性程度减弱,由空间自相关部分引起的异质性程度增强. 整体上,土壤水分含量与微地形关系密切,与距离溪流的远近程度正相关,与高程分布负相关. 相似文献
7.
西北地区额济纳绿洲非饱和带水分和盐分分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在西北地区黑河流域下游的额济纳绿洲选择3个土壤剖面采集不同深度土壤样品和潜水样品进行测试,并在野外观测非饱和带不同深度的水土势变化。结果表明,SO4^2-是非饱和带土壤和地下水中的主要离子成分,土壤和地下水呈偏碱性。土壤易溶离子含量随深度大体上呈减少趋势。绿洲非饱和带发育有收敛型和发散型零通量面,自夏季至冬季,零通量面变得不清晰直至消失。在非饱和带中,土壤易溶盐含量、含水量和总水土势随深度的变化趋势基本相同,植物根系的吸收对水分和盐分的垂直分布有着重要的影响。 相似文献
8.
河流输送是受纳水体中磷的主要来源,不同水文条件对其输送有很大影响。选择巢湖典型入湖河流丰乐和柘皋,在不同水文条件下,即非洪水期（丰乐和柘皋）、洪水涨水段（丰乐）与退水段（柘皋）对河水和沉积物进行分布式采样,测定磷的不同形态。其中,河水测定总磷（TP）和可溶性磷（DP）,沉积物测定总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）、铁铝磷（Fe/AL-P）和钙磷（Ca-P）。结果表明：非洪水期丰乐和柘皋河河水和沉积物中TP含量均为柘皋河高于丰乐河,两河都存在着富营养化风险,两河沉积物IP含量都显著高于OP。IP中,柘皋河Fe/Al-P含量略高于Ca-P,丰乐河相反。洪水涨水期,丰乐河河水TP和DP含量显著高于其非洪水期含量,沉积物不同形态磷均值含量较非洪水期略有降低,表明洪水涨水段降雨径流对不同来源磷冲刷、输送和泛起作用;洪水退水期,柘皋河河水TP和DP含量低于其非洪水期含量,河道沉积物不同形态磷均值含量较非洪水期有所升高,表明在退水段以稀释和沉淀作用为主。 相似文献
9.
江汉平原浅层地下水中锰含量普遍较高,探究锰在河流交互带中的分布特征有助于认识交互带中锰的生物地球化学过程,对水质的保护具有重要指导意义.通过监测汉江下游侧向交互带河水、地下水中溶解态锰含量及其相关指标,分析不同河水-地下水交互作用方向下溶解态锰的时空分布规律,并探讨其成因.结果表明:研究区侧向交互带中靠近河岸带区域存在溶解态锰的富集,且在有局部反向流的地方锰含量较高;该局部富集的现象在河水补给地下水的交互带中更加明显;泄洪后该富集区域随水流方向发生迁移;研究区地下水中锰的含量与HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+呈极显著正相关,与NO3-、Fe2+显著负相关,但与交互带地下水中Eh和pH不相关.交互带溶解态锰的时空分布受地形条件、水动力和水化学的共同影响. 相似文献
10.
通过对高砷地下水典型区完整地质单元不同深度含水层地下水进行监测,分析了与砷释放、迁移和富集有关的敏感因素（水位、Eh、总铁、亚铁等）的时间和空间变化规律,探讨了高砷地下水的形成机理。结果发现,地下水灌溉区和黄河水灌溉区,地下水水位均受人为灌溉活动的影响。地下水砷含量在空间和时间尺度上发生有规律的变化。在空间尺度上,地下水中砷含量随着深度的增加而升高,井深小于10 m的地下水砷含量在1.88～2.58 μg/L;井深在10~15 m之间的地下水中砷含量在18.2～217 μg/L;井深在15~25 m之间的地下水中砷含量在38.3～226 μg/L。受人为灌溉影响,地下水中砷的含量会随着地下水位的抬升而升高。地下水砷含量随时间变化的原因是水位抬升使水位变化造成氧化还原环境改变。地下水系统中含砷铁氧化物矿物的还原性溶解、脱硫酸作用等是控制地下水砷含量的主要水文地球化学过程。 相似文献
11.
沉水植物黑藻对上覆水中各形态磷浓度的影响 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
室内模拟研究了沉水植物黑藻对上覆水中不同形态磷浓度的影响及其季节性变化,并从沉水植物生长、间隙水和碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)三方面进行了讨论,进一步揭示磷在浅水湖泊水-沉积物界面的交换机理。结果表明,在本研究条件下,上覆水中各形态磷以溶解性总磷(DTP)为主,其他形态磷浓度变异较大,黑藻降低了上覆水中总磷(TP)、溶解性活性磷(SRP)和DTP浓度,也降低了DTP和SRP占总磷的比例,从而使颗粒态总磷(PP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)占总磷比例升高。黑藻主要通过吸收上覆水中的磷和抑止沉积物、上覆水中APA使上覆水中各形态磷浓度保持较低水平,其中对SRP和DTP浓度的影响更明显。上覆水中各形态磷浓度呈现明显的季节性变化。在7～8月,TP、SRP和DTP浓度呈下降趋势,并在8月达到最低值;9～10月间有所升高,但仍然维持在较低水平,不同采样时间存在波动。 相似文献
12.
岩溶湿地是西南岩溶生态系统的重要调节器,对该地区的可持续发展有重要意义,而水循环作为维系岩溶湿地健康运转的核心因素,已经成为当前的研究热点。2020年4月15日—5月30日野外监测了桂林会仙湿地狮子岩地下河系统参数,采用水文动态分析与水均衡等方法,开展了地下河系统水循环研究。结果表明：（1）地表径流、土壤水、表层岩溶带... 相似文献
13.
黑河下游典型生态系统水分补给源及优势植物水分来源研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过对黑河源区降水、 黑河下游河岸林生态系统、 人工梭梭林生态系统梭梭及戈壁红砂生态系统土壤水和浅层地下水稳定氢氧同位素组成(δD、 δ18O)的测定, 对黑河下游典型生态系统土壤水和浅层地下水的补给源进行了研究. 同时通过对比分析河岸林生态系统胡杨和柽柳、 人工梭梭林生态系统梭梭及戈壁红砂生态系统红砂等优势植物根系水及其对应的土壤水及浅层地下水的δ18O, 对黑河下游典型荒漠植物水分来源进行了研究, 并对不同潜在水源对植物水分来源的贡献率进行了计算. 结果表明: 河岸林生态系统和人工梭梭林生态系统的土壤水和浅层地下水来自黑河源区的降水, 源区降水通过黑河河道输水补给河岸林进而形成土壤水和浅层地下水, 但人工梭梭林的土壤水蒸发作用强烈. 戈壁红砂生态系统由于远离黑河, 土壤水不受黑河源区中上游输水的补给. 就植物水分来源而言, 在河岸林生态系统中, 乔木胡杨主要利用40~60 cm的土壤水和地下水, 灌木柽柳主要利用40~80 cm的土壤水; 人工梭梭主要利用200 cm至饱和层土壤水和地下水; 戈壁红砂主要利用175~200 cm的土壤水. 因此, 在黑河下游极端干旱区, 土壤水和地下水是维持荒漠植物生存、 生长及发育的主要来源. 相似文献
14.
为对比水库下游河岸带冬夏季潜流交换特征及温度场分布规律,在新安江大坝下游开展了河道水、河岸带地下水的水位与温度监测,并结合达西定律推广式等理论进行了分析。结果表明:不论冬夏季,侧向潜流交换量与河道水位呈逆时针“绳套”关系,且离河道越近潜流交换强度越大;冬、夏季潜流交换强度与补给方式存在明显不同,在近河岸处单宽交换总体积分别为55.23 m3（周）、75.08 m3（周）,夏季主要为河道补给河岸带,冬季相反,此外,夏季交换范围更大且交换更快;河岸带温度场受低温波动水影响显著,在垂直方向上夏季表现为“上暖下凉”,冬季相反,在水平方向上夏季低温传播距离较大,且具有明显的分区。因此,在水库下游河流生态治理过程中,应适当考虑不同季节的影响。 相似文献
15.
Groundwater and surface-water interactions and impacts of human activities in the Hailiutu catchment,northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhi Yang Yangxiao Zhou Jochen Wenninger Stefan Uhlenbrook Xusheng Wang Li Wan 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(5):1341-1355
The interactions between groundwater and surface water have been significantly affected by human activities in the semi-arid Hailiutu catchment, northwest China. Several methods were used to investigate the spatial and temporal interactions between groundwater and surface water. Isotopic and chemical analyses of water samples determined that groundwater discharges to the Hailiutu River, and mass balance equations were employed to estimate groundwater seepage rates along the river using chemical profiles. The hydrograph separation method was used to estimate temporal variations of groundwater discharges to the river. A numerical groundwater model was constructed to simulate groundwater discharges along the river and to analyze effects of water use in the catchment. The simulated seepage rates along the river compare reasonably well with the seepage estimates derived from a chemical profile in 2012. The impacts of human activities (river-water diversion and groundwater abstraction) on the river discharge were analyzed by calculating the differences between the simulated natural groundwater discharge and the measured river discharge. Water use associated with the Hailiutu River increased from 1986 to 1991, reached its highest level from 1992 to 2000, and decreased from 2001 onwards. The reduction of river discharge might have negative impacts on the riparian ecosystem and the water availability for downstream users. The interactions between groundwater and surface water as well as the consequences of human activities should be taken into account when implementing sustainable water resources management in the Hailiutu catchment. 相似文献
16.
The Delaware Estuary is heavily urbanized with elevated concentrations of phosphorus from industrial and municipal inputs. For 24 research cruises during 1986–1988, total phosphorus (TP) concentration was highest near maximum inputs in the tidal river and at low salinity where turbidity was maximal. In these contiguous regions, average TP concentration over the study period was 5.3–6.1 μM. Downstream of the TP peak in the high turbidity zone of the estuary, TP decreased to minimum concentrations (1.3–1.5 μM) near the mouth of Delaware Bay. Distributions of dissolved reactive (DRP), dissolved organic (DOP), and particulate (PP) phosphorus along the estuary reflected spatial and temporal patterns in phosphorus inputs, turbidity, river flow, and biological production. In the river, DRP was 2–4 μM (51–65% of TP) and inversely related to river flow. PP, although enriched in the river (1–3 μM), was highest (>4 μM) in the turbidity maximum at low salinity. In the bay, distributions of DRP, PP, and DOP were all linked, in different ways, to biological production. The dependence of DOP on production was, however, complex and affected by DRP concentrations. During the past 30 yr, there has been a fourfold decrease in TP concentrations in the tidal river of the Delaware Estuary. This dramatic decrease in TP, however, is contrasted by an apparent increase in DRP concentration over the past 12 yr. This apparent increase in DRP may be linked to improved water quality (e.g., higher pH) in the river over the past decade. 相似文献
17.
Investigations were undertaken in the riparian zone near Shangba village, an AMD area, in southern China to determine the effects that river–groundwater interactions and groundwater residence time have had on environmental quality and geochemical evolution of groundwater. Based on the Darcy’s law and ionic mass balances as well as the method of isotopic tracer, the results showed that there were active interactions between AMD-contaminated river water and groundwater in the riparian zone in the study area. River water was found to be the main source of groundwater recharge in the northwestern part of the study area, whereas groundwater was found to be discharging into the river in the southeastern part of the study area throughout the year. End-member mixing analysis quantified that the contributions of river water to groundwater decreased gradually from 35.9% to negligible levels along the flow path. The calculated mixing concentrations of major ions indicated that water–rock reactions were the most important influence on groundwater quality. The wide range of Ca2+?+?Mg2+ and HCO3? ratios and the change of groundwater type from Ca2+–SO42? type to a chemical composition dominated by Ca2+–HCO3? type indicated a change of the major water–rock reaction process from the influence of H2SO4 (AMD) to that of CO2 (soil respiration) along a groundwater flow path. Furthermore, the kinetics interpretation of SO42? and HCO3? concentrations suggested that the overlapping time of their kinetics triggered the hydrochemical evolution and the change of major weathering agent. This process might take approximately 8 years and this kinetic time will be continued when a steady source of contamination enter the aquifer. 相似文献
18.
《China Geology》2020,3(3):462-472
The scientific field test site of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater conversion in Dabie Mountain Area–Jianghan Plain is located in the northern region of the Jianghan Plain, the transition zone between the Dabie Mountain Area and Jianghan Plain. It’s a great field test site to study the material and energy exchange among rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater of the Earth ’s critical zone in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. This paper analyzed the connection between rainfall and volume water content (VWC) of soil at different depths of several soil profiles, and the dynamic feature of groundwater was discussed, which reveals the rainfall infiltration recharge of Quaternary Upper Pleistocene strata. The results show that the Quaternary Upper Pleistocene aquifer groundwater accepts a little direct rainfall recharge, while the lateral recharge is the main supplement source. There were 75 effective rainfall events among 120 rainfall events during the monitoring period, with an accumulated amount of 672.9 mm, and the percentages of effective rainfall amount and duration time were 62.50% and 91.56%, respectively. The max evaporation depth at the upper part in Quaternary cohesive soil was no less than 1.4 m. The soil profile was divided into four zones: (1) The sensitive zone of rainfall infiltration within 1.4 m, where the material and energy exchange frequently near the interface between atmosphere and soil; (2) the buffer zone of rainfall infiltration between 1.4 m and 3.5 m; (3) the migration zone of rainfall infiltration between 3.5 m and 5.0 m; and (4) the rainfall infiltration and groundwater level co-influenced zone below 5.0 m. The results revealed the reaction of soil moisture and groundwater to rainfall in the area covered by cohesive soil under humid climate in Earth ’s critical zone, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for groundwater resources evaluation and development, groundwater environmental protection, ecological environmental improvement, drought disaster prevention, and flood disaster prevention in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. 相似文献