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1.
This paper summarizes the information on the geomorphology and physical resources component of the Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme. The research focuses on the issue of the environment in arid lands and aims to provide practical options for sustainable development, for the benefit not only of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan but for other arid regions of the world. The research is significantly development driven because there is a need to identify useable natural resources and establish a framework for their effective exploitation and management in a marginal, fragile environment, which is sensitive to change.Pressure for development of the Badia stems from the fact that the great majority of the population in Jordan is compressed into less than 10% of the country by environmental constraits. It is hoped that the Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme will provide the required framework to ease current environmental pressures, encourage migration to the Badia, a sparsely populated region, and establish economically and ecologically self-supporting communities.This paper discusses the following areas that are related to the sustainable development of the Jordan Badia with special emphasis on the Safawi area in the Northern Jordan Badia; geomorphology including landform, processes and hazards, geology and physical resources, hydrology, surface water and water engineering, groundwater, soils and vegetation, sediment erosion and mobility and environmental management. 相似文献
2.
This paper summarizes information on geomorphology and physical resources as a part of the Jordan Badia Research and Development Program. The research focused on the issue of the environment in arid lands as an aid to providing practical options for sustainable development, for the benefit not only of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan but of other arid regions of the world. The research is significant in that there is a need to identify usable natural resources and establish a framework for their effective exploitation and management in a marginal, fragile environment, which is sensitive to change. Pressure for development of the Badia stems from the fact that the great majority of the population in Jordan is compressed into less than 10% of the country by environmental constraints. It is hoped that the Jordan Badia Research and Development Program will provide the required framework to ease current environmental pressures, encourage migration to the Badia, a sparsely populated region, and establish economically and ecologically self-supporting communities. This paper discusses the following areas that are related to the sustainable development of the Jordan Badia with special emphasis on the Safawi area in the northern Jordan Badia; geomorphology, including landform, processes, and hazards; geology and physical resources; hydrology; surface water and water engineering; and groundwater. 相似文献
3.
浅层地热能开发利用是崇明生态岛建设的重要工作内容。结合崇明县经济社会发展规划,充分发挥绿色能源示范县建设的作用,推进浅层地热能开发利用管理机制建设,将促进崇明生态岛建设与环境保护。 相似文献
4.
U. Aswathanarayana 《Environmental Geology》1999,37(3):176-180
The proposed Natural Resources Management Facility (NRMF) seeks to achieve poverty reduction and employment generation through
ecologically sustainable, economically viable and people-participatory management of natural resources (resources of waters
and soils, coastal and marine resources, ecotourism, energy resources, mineral and other resources). The NRMF will have five
functional divisions for technology policy, environmental education, extramural cooperation, technical facility and information
network, and international cooperation. At the heart of the NRMF is a state-of-the-art analytical laboratory (with ICP-AES,
GC-ECD, GC-MS, etc.) in Maputo. This will be networked with five field stations which will have portable instruments for water,
soil, food, etc. analysis. The NRMF will custom-design integrated natural resource management models for different areas of
the country, in the context of their particular biophysical and socio-economic environments. Innovative management techniques
have been developed to make the NRMF sustainable and largely self-financing. The NRMF will cooperate with, and assist the
member countries of SADC (Southern Africa Development Community) in environmental management for mutual benefit, and could,
hopefully, serve as a pilot model for the countries of sub-Saharan Africa.
Received: 30 September 1997 · Accepted: 3 February 1998 相似文献
5.
Liza Grandia 《Geoforum》2009,40(5):720-731
As a microcosm of the global livestock-climate problem, this tale of two hegemonies explores how and why two critical constituencies—development planners and conservation professionals—have failed to see the “raw hides” of cattle’s impact on the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Based on ethnographic research carried out between 1993 and 2007, this paper seeks to explain the idealization, persistence, and normalization of cattle as a land use in Petén from the colonial period to the present. Framed with a Gramscian analysis of the critical role of organic intellectuals in catalyzing social change, I explore the mental feedback loops reinforcing other social and environmental causes of land degradation in this region. After presenting data on the historical expansion of cattle into the Guatemalan lowlands through government colonization programs, I describe how multilateral lending agencies like the World Bank continue to corral development plans in the region. The next part of the paper explores the complex and ambiguous relations between conservation professionals and the ranching sector. I then conclude with a discussion of how global trade and infrastructure projects such as the Puebla to Panama Plan and the Central America Free Trade Agreement will further mask the hegemonic hides of cattle. 相似文献
6.
Situated justice in environmental decision-making: Lessons from river management in Southeastern Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mick Hillman 《Geoforum》2006,37(5):695-707
The practical application of environmental justice in natural resource management depends upon moving beyond generic principles to situated understanding. This understanding in turn requires knowledge of both historical and geographical contexts, including how decision-making frameworks develop and the nature of the biophysical environment itself. This paper examines these requirements based on case material from the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. In the Hunter Valley, the colonial history of river management was one of the creation, and subsequent inclusion and exclusion, of particular ‘stakes’ from the decision-making process, resulting in a narrowly defined ‘community of justice’ that became institutionalised at the catchment scale. However, even within this restricted community, distributive injustices occurred due to a failure of policy to engage with environmental variability at both spatial and temporal scales. This combination of procedural injustice and environmental variability also resulted in ecological injustice - that is a disconnected or even antagonistic human-nature relationship that restricted the opportunity to redress the severe degradation of riverine ecosystems that had occurred since European settlement. In the light of these examples, broader challenges in the application of environmental justice to river management are explored in terms of ecological complexity and contested perceptions of environmental health. Based on this material, a historically and geographically situated, ecologically informed vision of environmental justice is proposed as an essential part of sustainable river management. 相似文献
7.
《Geoforum》2014
This article explores how standards and codes for collaboration in international higher education influence the educational space of global online education and the way it functions within the context of international development aid. Firstly the article discusses the educational space of higher education and the geography of education whereby the aim is to situate global online education within the on-going discourse on standards in higher education, international development aid, and the knowledge economy. The article then examines a qualitative case study of an Internet-based masters programme attended by students from Europe and Africa. A main focus of the empirical analysis is the students’ experience of being geographically immobile while collaborating online internationally, including how this circumstance affected their motivation and participation and the benefits of the programme. In the concluding discussion it is argued that even though online collaboration among students and educational institutions is not entirely equal, common standards created a space in which positions were challenged and practices were changed over the course of online participation. 相似文献
8.
以科学发展观为指导,结合大中型设计院发展的实践,提出了设计院可持续发展的若干问题,要做到可持续的全面发展必须处理好技术和市场的关系,传统业务、转型业务和综合业务的关系以及自主、合作和创新的关系,并就这些影响可持续发展的因素作了分析。笔者的观点对于如何用科学发展观来指导设计院的发展有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
9.
E. Dimitriou A. Mentzafou S. Zogaris M. Tzortziou K. Gritzalis I. Karaouzas Ch. Nikolaidis 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1839-1852
Implementing efficient water resources management plans at trans-boundary river catchments is a difficult task that requires strong international cooperation, intensive monitoring programs, and common understanding of the impacts imposed on water resources by human pressures. Evros River, which flows through Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, is an ecologically important water body, protected by international legislation but nevertheless it is susceptible to numerous significant pollution sources that may lead to the deterioration of its environmental status. In this study, a water monitoring program was applied, incorporating chemical and biological parameters to assess the environmental status in the Greek part of the river and identify the associated pollution pressures. For this purpose, seasonal water sampling occurred in 13 sites along the longitudinal course of the river and a series of parameters were recorded including nutrients, heavy metals, microbiological loads, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages and abundance. The results indicated that the water quality of Evros River illustrate substantial spatiotemporal fluctuations, which can be well related to specific human activities and associated pressures. Therefore, a trans-boundary monitoring program should be initiated that will provide continuous information for the development and revision of the catchment’s adaptive management plan in order to restrict pollution impacts and achieve a good ecological status as required by the Water Framework Directive 2000/60EC. 相似文献
10.
Promoting coordinated development of resources and environment is an important aspect of building a harmonious society and ecologically sustainable civilization. Here we provide scientific basis to promote the development of ecologically sensitive civilization, via a mathematical statistics method that calculates the degree of coordinated development. This model is of great practical and social significance, providing strength to research around coordinated development of resources and economy. Based on evaluation of characteristics of the present resource environment and economic development of Shandong Peninsula city group, a coordinated measure of resource environment and economic development was calculated. Overall, the highest coordination measurement was found for Weihai, followed by Yantai, Qingdao, Ji’nan, Weifang, Rizhao, Zibo and Dongying. According to evaluation results of coordination measures for each city, we put forward suggestions for sustainable development of Shandong Peninsula region. 相似文献
11.
环境地质研究是以人-地相互关系为核心、促进人类与地质环境协调共处的重大课题,受到国内外地质学界普遍关注。本文在简要回顾环境地质学科发展历程的基础上,较系统地总结了国内外环境地质研究的主要进展及存在的问题。结合我国当前生态文明建设和未来发展需求,提出环境地质研究是新时期地质工作的重要使命,未来发展方向和重点领域应涵盖城市地质研究、水资源可持续利用和管理、地质灾害监测与综合防治、生态环境系统保护、地球关键带相关问题研究等,强调学科交叉及新技术新方法的系统性研究,在合理开发利用资源和保护地质环境中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
12.
Andrea Revell 《Geoforum》2007,38(1):114-126
Ecological Modernisation (EM) theorists argue that businesses in industrialised nations are ecologically restructuring in response to market signals, and that economic actors increasingly perceive a business case for sustainability. Whilst UK policymakers urge companies to undertake environmental measures voluntarily on the basis that it will be good for business, a qualitative study exploring the environmental practices of small and medium-sized construction firms found that the opinions of owner-managers had little resonance with this ‘win-win’ rhetoric. Respondents did not perceive the financial returns to be gained from eco-efficiency measures to be significant enough to warrant the short-term investment in time and resources required to pursue them. Moreover, the market was not signalling that product value could be raised or that customers could be won by embracing environmental best practice. The paper concludes by questioning the UK government’s faith in EMs ‘win-win’ ideology to encourage the greening of industry. 相似文献
13.
Fred Powell 《GeoJournal》2012,77(2):141-152
This article sets out to explore the political relationship between the global and the local through the prism of the sustainable
development. The ideal of sustainable communities is explored in the context of evolving political fictions that define alternative
conceptions of modernity. While the article uses Ireland (reputedly the most globalised society in the world) as a microcosm
of development, the context is firmly located within the wider sphere of European and planetary politics. It is argued that
the ideal of sustainable communities offers the opportunity of reviving the civic republican tradition of democracy (the Ancient
Greek agora) as a metaphor for the public sphere in the conditions of late modern society. The agora in Ancient Greece provided a site of political assembly, based upon participation (citizens’ engagement in decision-making)
and deliberation (a process of reached argument). Today, concepts such as ‘participatory civility’ and ‘discursive democracy’
seek to revive these classical ideals, as the basis for building sustainable communities in a transforming modernity that
searches for a new logic of development. 相似文献
14.
＂两规合一＂要求在严格落实国家对基本农田保护和管控的前提下,在区级土地利用总体规划中,充分发挥基本农田的生产生态功能,优先保护具有较高粮食生产能力的耕地,并强化区域生态结构控制,因地制宜地分解落实规划指标;在镇级土地利用总体规划层面,应当充分发挥基本农田的阻隔功能,利用基本农田刚性的控制手段,阻挡建设用地无序蔓延,有效保护现状耕地,从而形成最佳的粮食生产区域和最优的生态空间。本文以上海市嘉定区为例,全面阐述了在＂两规合一＂要求下,本轮土地利用总体规划中基本农田保护区、保护指标和保护图斑的规划方案,实现了区、镇两级基本农田在功能、布局和数量的协调和统一,为大都市基本农田规划的理论和实证研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
15.
湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
湖泊具有供水、渔业、旅游、维持区域生态系统平衡等功能,是支撑我国经济和社会发展的重要资源之一。但是近30年来,湖泊富营养化所导致的蓝藻水华频繁暴发,生态灾害事件频发,严重影响湖泊功能的发挥, 制约区域经济可持续发展。针对国家在保障区域水安全和生态安全、保护人民健康及建设和谐社会等方面的重大需求,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害形成机理及防治的基础研究”于2008年7月正式立项。项目拟解决的关键科学问题包括：①湖泊蓝藻水华主要衍生污染物的形成机理、迁移转化规律和毒理效应;②蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化和功能退化的机理;③蓝藻水华生态灾害评估及调控机理。针对上述科学问题,项目以蓝藻水华污染物的产生、湖泊生态系统结构与功能的响应以及生态灾害的评估与调控为研究主线,重点开展以下几个方面的研究：①蓝藻水华衍生污染物的产生及其环境过程;②蓝藻水华衍生污染物的毒理效应与生态和健康风险;③蓝藻水华导致湖泊生态系统结构变化与功能退化的关键过程和机制;④蓝藻水华灾害治理和调控的的技术原理和途径。项目的实施和完成将为我国湖泊蓝藻水华生态灾害的预防与控制提供理论和技术原理支撑。 相似文献
16.
Timothy Andrew Stojanovic Hugh D. Ormerod Smith Christopher F. Wooldridge 《GeoJournal》2006,65(3):165-176
Thirteen years since the EU Habitats Directive (1992/43/EEC) became a binding legal agreement, this paper considers the implementation
of this important European environmental legislation as it applies to the coastal activities of seaports and harbours. The
paper examines the relationship between environmental legislation and ports policy, and seeks to provide a comprehensive assessment
of the policy and science that has been developed in relation to protected areas and port management. The paper reports the
results of a survey of European port professionals, and their perception of the successes and challenges of the management
regimes that have been established, as well as their opinions on how these have influenced the management within ports. The
paper also provides a detailed examination of the scientific and technical developments with particular regard to dredging
and habitat management in European ports. Key research gaps are identified, including: practical approaches to licensing procedures;
lack of baseline information, especially with regard to in-combination effects; the efficacy of techniques for mitigating
the impacts of dredging; and greater understanding on how more resilient models for collaborative action can be developed.
The paper will be of use to environmental planners, scientists, regulators, conservationists, and port managers, as they consider
how to apply science and management to the sustainable development and environmental protection of coastal areas. 相似文献
17.
《Geoforum》2015
This article focuses upon informal e-waste recyclers who subsidise the environmental costs of Bangalore’s information technology boom. It illustrates how improvement schemes devised by development agencies, to make Bangalore’s e-waste disposal practices more sustainable, reproduced the effects of bourgeois environmentalism and effectively cast off informal recyclers from having a substantial role in the city’s emerging regime of e-waste management. Being cast out and rendered superfluous has been a deeply degrading experience for Bangalore’s informal recyclers. In order to foreground this experience I draw upon the notion of abjection and show how informal recyclers are constituted as abject residents who must be confined to collecting and processing waste from the most marginal frontiers of the city’s e-waste circuits. 相似文献
18.
Energy and policy providing for sustainable rural livelihoods in remote locations – The case of Cuba
Modern, small-scale renewable energy technology has the potential to enable and sustain rural livelihoods, particularly in developing countries remote locations without access to the grid. Yet, the provision of rural energy to isolated communities might not achieve the desired long-term result unless its development is part of wider national policy geared to sustainable development and social equity. This article shows how a combination of technology and policy targeted at the improvement of livelihoods in rural areas is the best solution for maximising the capacity of renewable energy to deliver services. It pinpoints the transforming processes and the institutions participating in the delivery of energy technology. This work draws on the Cuban experience of renewable energy technology, that country’s efforts to improve quality of life for remote populations, and its pledge to promote environmental sustainability. Using a sustainable livelihoods approach, the results of a survey in a rural community are analysed in the framework of existing assets and policies. The article describes how it is not only local users who benefit from a comprehensive technical, social and environmental energy approach. The same governmental administration that promotes such services has much to gain from technology that works well, benefits the poor in remote locations and protects the environment within its larger policy promoting sustainable and egalitarian society. 相似文献
19.
This study focused on the Béjar and Barco tectonic massifs (in the Sierra de Gredos, Spain), in which a large part of the region has been declared a Protected Natural Space. An inventory and assessment of the Hydrological Patrimony was conducted with the objective of assisting planners in the sustainable management of the most representative and/or fragile assets. To perform this inventory, a methodology was utilized in which three types of places of interest were identified: Areas, Sites and/Points of Hydrological Interest (A/S/PGHI), each specifying the value of each location as a scientific, educational and/or tourist resource, thus permitting different interest groups to determine how best to use the location. Three key planning elements for these Natural Areas are presented: an inventory of 35 sites (A/S/PGHI), accompanied by fact sheets for each; a Natural Heritage map, intended to raise awareness of the geodiversity of the area; and plans for nine educational tours through selected points of interest, designed to educate visitors about the most representative assets in the region, thus promoting their conservation. 相似文献
20.
Leo J. De Haan 《GeoJournal》2000,50(4):359-367
This paper focuses on how livelihood and the question of development and environment in a globalising era should be examined.
It discusses various views in geography on the question of environment and development, and it explores the concept of sustainable
livelihood. It concludes that a geographical conceptualisation of ‘development and environment’ may profit from the discussion
on sustainable livelihood, provided that it does not become entangled in an actor-cum-local bias. Moreover, the diffusion
of non-equilibrium concepts may broaden the analysis of man-land relations and open the way to an analysis of globalisation
effects. Globalisation gives rise to new assortments of geographical entities and, as livelihoods adapt, they will shape constantly
shifting regions with specific man-land arrangements.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献