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1.
古生代-中生代之交生物灭绝后，三叠纪海洋长期、复杂的生物和环境变化过程受到高度关注.基于牙形石、菊石生物时代及土隆地区三叠系全岩稳定碳同位素曲线，识别出6次负偏和5次正偏.其中早三叠世碳同位素的N1-N4四次负偏和P1-P4四次正向偏移过程，能与我国华南、日本等多个剖面进行对应，反映我国藏南所在的高纬度地区经历了与低纬度地区相同的全球碳循环异常.首次报道了土隆剖面识别出的晚三叠世卡尼期碳同位素负偏，其幅度达到3.3‰，可对应意大利、日本以及我国川西北地区和华南南盘江盆地所记录的卡尼期极端气候事件.中卡尼期温度升高，降雨量急剧增多，风化作用显著加强，陆源硅质碎屑输入增强，可能是土隆剖面岩性剧烈变化的环境驱动因素. 相似文献
2.
二叠纪末期发生了显生宙以来规模最大的生物灭绝事件,利用江西修水东岭剖面二叠-三叠系界线的碳同位素、主量元素及微量元素分别研究全球碳循环的变化及其相对应的物源的变化进而分析环境变化与生物灭绝的关系。研究结果表明,东岭剖面二叠-三叠系界线存在阶梯式碳同位素负偏,第一阶段阶梯式负偏幅度为2‰,第二阶段阶梯式负偏幅度为2.5‰,总的负偏幅度高达4.5‰。在阶段阶梯式碳同位素负偏过程,碳酸盐岩中的硅酸盐组分物源由基性火成岩转变为岛弧性质的酸性火成岩。后者可能与我国华南周围岛弧火山喷发有关。这些碳同位素负偏在时间上与物源的转变及火山灰层基本一致,推测其与我国华南岛弧火山及西伯利亚大火成岩省喷发有关。大规模火山作用喷出或诱发出的二氧化碳及甲烷温室气体有可能是造成二叠-三叠系阶梯式碳同位素负偏的主要原因。火山喷发造成的环境恶化如全球变暖、海洋缺氧、海洋酸化、植被破坏形成的大量沉积物输入海洋致使生物生存压力增大,从而造成二叠末期生物的大灭绝。 相似文献
3.
吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线位于这两次生物大灭绝事件之间,科学界对该界线附近是否发生重大地质事件仍然知之甚少,有关该时期的环境变化、碳循环的研究也不深入.嘉禾大窝岭剖面牙形石生物地层以及碳同位素变化的研究,为进一步探讨吴家坪期-长兴期附近的生物及环境事件提供基础材料.晚二叠世时以深水盆地相沉积为主的大窝岭剖面位于湖南省嘉禾县袁家镇附近.该剖面大隆组出露较好,岩性主要为硅质岩、硅质灰岩、灰岩以及泥岩.在大隆组中共识别出牙形石1属3种(含一个未定种):Clarkina wangi,C. deflecta,C. sp.,并识别出牙形石C. wangi带和C. changxingensis-C. deflecta组合带.根据C. wangi的首现,将大窝岭剖面的吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线(Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian boundary,简称WCB)置于第11层底部.该剖面全岩无机碳同位素数据显示在13~15层发生了一次快速的负偏,从2.18‰负偏到-1.39‰,负偏值近3.50‰,可与浙江煤山及四川上寺等剖面进行很好的对比,揭示这次碳同位素负偏在华南区域上可具对比性. 相似文献
4.
巢湖地区早三叠世碳氧同位素地层对比及其古生态环境意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
二叠纪-三叠纪之交的环境恶化事件不但导致了生物大绝灭，而且造成了自然界正常的碳循环崩溃。为了研究三叠纪早期生物复苏过程中的环境特征、碳氧同位素演化上的地层学意义，对巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统碳酸盐岩取样分析。研究结果表明，巢湖平顶山西坡剖面早三叠世碳氧同位素地层曲线与已知的平顶山北坡剖面碳氧同位素地层曲线相似。δ^13C值在Indian阶、Olenekian阶底部首先表现为大幅度负漂，随后呈上升趋势。δ^18O值除了表现出l Ma的周期性波动之外，与δ^13C低值区对应处也具负偏趋势。δ^13C、δ^18O值的演化趋势反映了早三叠世海洋环境恶化、生物复苏十分缓慢。 相似文献
5.
华南海相二叠系-三叠系界线(PTB)剖面研究相当成熟,且滇东黔西和天山地区的陆相PTB剖面也取得了重大突破,但西藏特提斯域该领域研究相对薄弱。在前人建立完整二叠系-三叠系牙形刺生物地层剖面的基础上开展碳氧同位素分析,研究表明西藏文布当桑PTB剖面附近碳同位素明显负偏,但偏移样式与华南煤山剖面突变模式具有明显差异,表现为随时间推移逐渐变小,且变化连续,类似南阿尔卑斯地区PTB剖面变化样式,通过与中下扬子地区代表碳酸盐岩台地相到下斜坡相沉积环境的典型海相PTB地层剖面对比发现,西藏文布当桑剖面与江苏西山浅水碳酸盐岩台地相剖面碳同位素变化曲线高度一致。此外,西藏文布当桑PTB剖面伴随碳同位素负偏,出现了两次明显的氧同位素波动,氧同位素两次负偏对应着海水温度的增加和盐度的降低。 相似文献
6.
广西上泥盆统F-F界线碳同位素的变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
发生在晚泥盆世弗拉期(Frasnian)-法门期(Famennian)之交的生物灭绝事件(简称F-F事件)是古生代以来五大生物集群灭绝事件之一,其原因仍含糊不清。碳同位素研究显示,伴随F-F事件全球碳循环发生了显著的变化。但对中国南方F-F事件地层碳同位素变化特征的认识不够,缺乏系统的研究。对广西桂林杨堤上泥盆统灰岩剖面的碳同位素的分析结果表明,在上泥盆统存在两次碳同位素正偏移,分别出现在下rhenana带和F-F的界线,其中,出现在F-F界线的碳同位素正偏移与广西垌村以及欧美和非洲等地的上泥盆统F-F界线附近的碳同位素记录一致,且具有相近的变化幅度。进一步对广西桂林附近的杨堤和垌村剖面F-F界线的碳同位素组成变化模式的分析发现,这次正偏移可能是由多次次级变化组成,与F-F事件中生物的灭绝步骤相似。 相似文献
7.
瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝是由峨眉山大火成岩省(LIP)引起的吗? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
瓜德鲁普统末期生物灭绝是发生在二叠末期生物灭绝之前的一次独立的生物灭绝事件。该次生物灭绝事件对当时海洋底栖生物危害的严重性曾被认为可与五大生物灭绝事件对生物的影响程度相提并论。近年来,随着地层年龄数据的逐渐增多,地层的年代归属逐渐明朗,瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝的严重性受到越来越多的质疑。同时,曾被认为是该次生物灭绝的主要原因--峨眉山大火成岩省(LIP)也受到质疑。峨眉山LIP是否仍是该次生物灭绝的主要原因？为了阐明上述问题,文章综述了瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝、峨眉山LIP的喷发、卡匹敦阶碳、锶同位素变化以及引起该次生物灭绝的主要原因。结合研究数据认为:①瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝事件对浅海底栖生物的影响不是特别严重,生物多样性减少幅度比五大生物灭绝事件要小;②瓜德鲁普统-乐平统(G-L)界线附近碳同位素负偏受成岩作用和相变的影响较大,卡匹敦阶碳同位素比值的变化存在两次负偏,第一次发生在卡匹敦中期(幅度约为1.0‰至1.5‰),第二次发生在G-L界线(幅度约为1.4‰至2‰);③该次生物灭绝的主要原因很可能不是峨眉山大火成岩省,而可能是大规模海退和海洋缺氧。 相似文献
8.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(1)
磷(P)是海洋初级生物不可或缺的营养元素,现代海水中溶解态镉与磷的含量线性关系极好,表明镉可能作为海洋初级生物的营养元素而被利用。浮游生物优先摄取轻的镉同位素,使得海水中的镉同位素变化与海洋初级生产力的变化紧密相关。目前镉同位素已成功应用于二叠纪-三叠纪之交古海洋初级生产力的重建。广西桂林晚泥盆世弗拉期-法门期(Frasnian-Famennian, F-F)之交杨堤剖面的镉同位素数据显示,在F-F灭绝事件前,δ~(114)Cd总体偏重(0.03‰～0.49‰),指示当时海洋具有较强的初级生产力;F-F之交,δ~(114)Cd呈现负偏(-0.44‰～-0.01‰),表明这一时期海洋初级生产力显著下降;F-F灭绝事件后,δ~(114)Cd又逐渐增大(-0.04‰～0.13‰),反映灭绝事件后海洋初级生产力的恢复。海洋初级生产力的下降,导致了海洋生态系统中的食物链受到破坏,从而引发了F-F之交的生物灭绝事件。 相似文献
9.
广西六景泥盆系剖面是中国泥盆系标准剖面之一,通过对其弗拉斯阶-法门阶(F-F)界线附近地层进行详细的牙形石生物地层研究,自下而上识别出3个牙形石带:晚rhenana带、linguiformis带和triangularis带。F-F界线位于融县组下部(第7号层与第8号层之间),在谷闭组顶界之上3.32,m处。碳同位素的分析结果表明,F-F之交δ13C具有显著正偏移,增幅为2.0‰,与湖南老江冲、广西垌村和杨堤以及欧洲、美洲、非洲和澳洲等地的F-F界线附近的碳同位素记录一致,且具有相近的变化幅度。δ13C正异常与F-F界线上的生物灭绝有关,由于食微生物的高等生物灭绝,微生物大量繁盛,诱导海水缺氧,导致海洋有机碳埋藏速率增加,从而形成δ13C的正偏。F-F界线层发育一套以碎屑灰岩为特色的事件沉积,该事件沉积在广西乃至全球具有等时性,可能与小行星碰撞地球引起的全球性海啸有关。 相似文献
10.
三叠纪—侏罗纪之交发生了地史上五次最大规模之一的生物灭绝事件、中大西洋大火成岩省喷发、泛大陆进一步裂解导致的中大西洋开启以及大气CO2浓度急剧升高等。然而该时期中国各板块主要发育陆相沉积,其三叠系—侏罗系界线（TJB）很难与定义于海相地层的全球层型剖面和点（GSSP）进行精细对比。应用基于C3植物的碳同位素地层学,进行了两次独立地、系统地以高等植物木质部为研究对象的采样和测试,获得了可以指示同期大气CO2的δ13C演化和进行全球等时对比的碳同位素地层曲线。并在植物大化石和孢粉的生物地层约束基础上,首次完成了库车河剖面与海相三叠纪末期生物大灭绝事件（ETE）底界和TJB的精细对比;推测与全球其他剖面ETE等时的地层界线位于38层底部附近,与TJB的GSSP等时地层界线位于41层底部附近。海相与陆相的ETE和TJB层位附近均出现了δ13C负偏,指示全球性的碳同位素的波动,推论该时期发生了全球规模的、地表圈层的碳储库扰动。 相似文献
11.
ZHAO Wenjin WANG Nianzhong ZHU Min Ulrich MANN Ulrich HERTEN Andreas LüCKE 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(2):340-353
Carbon isotope (δ13Corg) analyses of non-marine clastic rocks and neritic carbonates and black shales spanning the Silurian/Devonian transition are compared from two richly fossiliferous sequences in Qujing of East Yunnan and Zoige of Sichuan, South China. The two sections, Xishancun and Putonggou sections in South China, reveal positive δ13Corg shifts happening in the Upper Pridoli and Lower Devonian and reaching peak values as heavy as ?25.2‰ (Xishancun) and ?19.9‰ (Putonggou) in the lowermost Lochkovian following the first occurrence of the thelodont Parathelodus and the conodont Icriodus woschmidti woschmidti (only in Putonggou Section and together with Protathyris-Lanceomyonia brachiopod fauna). These results replicate a globally known positive shift in δ13Corg from the uppermost Silurian to the lowermost Devonian. The δ13Corg variations across the Silurian/Devonian Boundary (SDB) at the two sections in South China exhibit a shift in carbon isotopic composition similar to the detailed SDB curves from the borehole Klonk-1 drilled at top of the Klonk Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) in the Prague Basin, Czech Republic. In addition, four microvertebrate assemblages, including the Liaojiaoshan, Xishancun, Yanglugou and Xiaputonggou assemblages, are recognized from the Silurian/Devonian transition exposed in the Xishancun and Putonggou sections, respectively. The results from both carbon isotope stratigraphy and microvertebrate assemblage sequences suggest that the SDB in South China is located at the base of the Xishancun Formation (between sample QX-20 and sample QX-21) in the Xishancun Section and the lower part of the Xiaputonggou Formation (between sample ZP-09 and sample ZP-10) in the Putonggou Section. The isotopic trend for organic carbon together with the changes of microvertebrate remains across the SDB can offer an approach to a potential correlation of the SDB from different sedimentary facies, which help to correlate the marine with non-marine deposits. 相似文献
12.
The Gartnerkofel borehole is one of the most thoroughly studied and described Permo-Triassic sections in the world. Detailed bulk organic carbon isotope studies show a negative base shift from ? 24‰ to ? 28‰ in the Latest Permian which latter value persists into the Earliest Triassic after which it decreases slightly to ? 26‰. Two strongly negative peaks of > ? 38‰ in the Latest Permian and a lesser peak of ? 31‰ in the Early Triassic are too negative to be due to a greater proportion of more negative organic matter and must be due to very negative methane effects. The overall change to more negative values across the Bulla/Tesero boundary fits the relative rise in sea level for this transition based on the facies changes. A positive shift in organic carbon isotope values at the Late Permian Event Horizon may be due to an increase in land-derived organic detritus at this level—a feature shown by all Tethyan Permo-Triassic boundary sections though these other sections do not have the same values. Carbonate carbon isotope trends are similar in all sections dropping by 2–3 units across the Permo-Triassic boundary. Gartnerkofel carbonate oxygen values are surprisingly, considering the ubiquitous dolomitization, compatible with values elsewhere and indicate reasonable tropical temperatures of 60 °C in the Latest Permian sabkhas to 20–40 °C in the overlying marine transition beds. Increased land-derived input at the Late Permian Event Horizon may be due to offshore transport by tsunamis whose deposits have been recognized in India at this level. 相似文献
13.
桂中晚二叠世碳酸盐岩碳同位素的地层学意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
广西合山马滩等地的上二叠统剖面碳酸盐岩碳同位素在吴家坪阶和长兴阶界线处表现出明显的降低现象,吴家坪阶石灰岩样品δ１３Ｃ值一般都高于３．２‰,而长兴阶的样品其δ１３Ｃ值多低于３．２‰,因此,碳同位素组成的差异有可能作为吴家坪阶和长兴阶的同位素地层界线。这种同位素降低现象可能与澳洲、南非、印度等地大规模聚煤作用的中止有关。聚煤作用的中止以及以前埋藏的泥炭和煤层在遭受构造抬升和氧化后会向大气中释放出大量富含轻同位素１２Ｃ的ＣＯ２,从而使得与大气平衡的海水及在其中沉淀出的碳酸盐岩的δ１３Ｃ值降低。 相似文献
14.
Tracing seafloor methane emissions with benthic foraminifera in the Baiyun Sag of the northern South China Sea 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Changes in the concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases are an important part of the global climate forcing. The hypothesis that benthic foraminifera are useful proxies of local methane emission from the seafloor has been verified on sediment cores by numerous studies. The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content and the high-resolution carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the benthic foraminifera from the core 08CF7, from the northeastern Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area in the Baiyun Sag of the northern South China Sea were analyzed, and the benthic foraminifera’s evidence for methane release from gas hydrate decomposition are presented here for the first time. Two rapid obvious carbon isotope negative excursions were observed in the oxygen isotope stage boundaries 5d/5c and 6/5e (penultimate deglaciation, about 130 ka) of the cold-to-warm climatic transition period. The largest negative value of δ13C is about ?2.95 ‰, and the whole change of carbon and oxygen isotope is strikingly similar and is in consonance with the atmospheric methane concentration recorded by the Vostok ice core and the carbon isotopic record from Lake Baikal. Combining these results with the analysis of the geological conditions of the study area and the fact that gas hydrate exists in the surrounding area, it can be concluded that the carbon isotope negative excursions of the benthic foraminifera in the northern South China Sea are associated with methane release from gas hydrate decomposition due to deglacial climate warming. By recording the episodes of massive gas hydrate decomposition closely linked with the northern hemisphere temperatures during major warming periods, the new δ13C record from the Baiyun Sag provides further evidence for the potential impact of gas hydrate reservoir on rapid deglacial rises of atmospheric methane levels. 相似文献
15.
为了确定我国华北寒武系苗岭统鼓山阶和芙蓉统排碧阶的底界，对豫北沙滩剖面碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成演化趋势进行了研究.结果表明寒武系δ13C演化表现出3次正漂移和2次负漂移，正漂移分布于张夏组下部、中部和炒米店组上部，δ13C分别达到最大值2.0‰、1.0‰和3.0‰；负漂移分布于张夏组底部和中下部，δ13C分别降到最低值-3.4‰和-1.0‰.炒米店组上部的δ13C正漂移起始于三叶虫Chuangia带底部，相当于美国、澳大利亚、西伯利亚及我国华南地区的芙蓉统排碧阶的SPICE正漂移.张夏组底部的δ13C负漂移对应于三叶虫Bailiella-Lioparia带，相当于鼓山阶底部的DICE负漂移.这2次δ13C漂移事件不仅可作为区域地层对比的依据，还可作为我国华北寒武系苗岭统鼓山阶和芙蓉统排碧阶底界确定的标志.寒武纪δ13C漂移事件与海平面变化、古生态环境演化密切相关，因海侵作用导致的古生态环境扩大及海洋初始生产力的繁盛可能是海相碳酸盐岩δ13C正漂移演化的主要原因. 相似文献
16.
Paired organic and carbonate carbon isotope compositions of Late Permian Wujiaping (吴家坪) and Dalong (大隆) formations at Shangsi (上寺), Northeast Sichuan (四川) were analyzed by MAT 251. An abrupt negative excursion in the two isotope records was observed in the middle part of Dalong Formation, in association with a drop in the carbon isotope difference of the two records and an increase of total organic carbon (TOC) content. The negative drop of the paired carbon isotope records issuggestive of the input of 12C-enriched CO2. The molecular ratios of pristane to phytane and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene indicate the anoxic condition in this interval. The enhanced TOC content is indicative of the elevated preservation of organic matter due to the anoxic condition. These isotopic and organic geochemical data probably infer the occurrence of the upwelUng in this interval. The additional contribution of volcanism activity observed in South China cannot be excluded to the input of 12C-enriched CO2 and the negative shifts in carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter and carbonate. 相似文献
17.
华南晚二叠世碳酸盐岩碳同位素旋回对海平面变化的响应 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
华南晚二叠世的碳同位素变化曲线是逐渐降低的,与全球海平面变化趋势相一致。华南晚二叠世碳酸盐岩碳同位素旋回可分为两个三级旋回,与两个三级海平面变化响应,其中吴家坪晚期和长兴期组成了一个三级旋回。华南长兴期识别出了三个四级碳同位素地层旋回可能与四级海平面变化旋回相对应。华南晚二叠世碳同位素旋回记录了全球海平面变化的信息:高值区和高海平面相对应,而低值区和低海平面相对应。 相似文献
18.
The Kungurian ocean-climate system has received little attention, but a new compilation of geochemical and paleoclimatic proxies suggest more complex climate dynamics during the Late Paleozoic icehouse–greenhouse transition than previously considered. Here, integrated carbon isotope stratigraphical, sedimentological, and geochemical data across two Early–Middle Permian successions in the Youjiang Basin, South China, is presented. These proxies indicate widespread anoxia below or near the water-sediment interface in South China during the Kungurian. High primary productivity, high sedimentation rate, and a relative sea-level rise are here proposed as being responsible for this process in the late Kungurian, but cannot account for the remaining anoxia at cycle boundaries. We put forward a hypothesis that divergent climate trends between the tropics and Gondwana might have played an important role in ocean stagnation and prevailing O2-deficient conditions in and probably outside South China during the Kungurian. The termination of anoxia in this region during the latest Kungurian is attributed to an intensification of oceanic circulation, a rise in atmospheric pO2 concentrations, a sea-level drop, depressed primary productivity, and low sedimentation rates. This study calls for further high-resolution sedimentological and geochemical investigations on the paleotropics outside South China, in order to elucidate the icehouse-greenhouse transition at the global scale. 相似文献