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1.
有机质在沉积物成岩中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有机与无机成岩作用的综合研究,已成为目前沉积物成岩作用研究中的热门课题之一,综合国外在这一研究领域中的最新成果,本文对有机质在沉积物成岩中的作用进行了综述,强调有机质的热成熟作用对于次生孔隙和异常地层压力的形成所起的重要作用。 相似文献
2.
基于国内外已经取得的盐构造研究成果, 根据东营凹陷盐构造的发育特征, 指出流体在盐构造发育过程的重要作用。东营凹陷沙四段含有大量膏盐和含膏地层, 根据岩心、测井和地震等资料分析了东营凹陷盐构造特征。由于膏盐脱水作用会导致地层内部产生异常高压, 而异常高压可以作为动力迫使流体向上流动继而在上覆地层产生水压力裂缝, 流体上涌过程中可以带动盐类物质向上运动, 因此认为膏盐脱水对盐构造形成发育有重要作用。基于膏盐脱水和超压流体作用, 建立了东营凹陷沙四段盐底辟构造发展史模型, 分析了东营凹陷盐构造在流体作用下形成发育过程, 结果表明膏盐脱水在盐构造发育初期和中期具有重要作用。 相似文献
3.
成岩过程中的“耗水作用”及其石油地质意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
受济阳坳陷古近系中深部储层出现异常低压的启示，讨论了成岩过程中主要矿物蚀变的“耗水”问题，并从理论上计算了这种蚀变的耗水量。初步研究表明，成岩过程中矿物蚀变的“耗水作用”可使地层水大量减少，在没有外部流体补充的情况下，相应地层必然呈低压状态，并与围岩形成一定的压力差，易于烃类进入成藏。 相似文献
4.
正演模式下成岩作用的温压效应机理探讨与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨核心地质要素对成岩作用的影响,本文选取硅质人造砂为研究对象,从正演物理模拟的角度定量研究成岩作用对温度、压力与时间的响应特征。实验结果表明:硅质人造砂岩压实作用强度与压力、温度具有正相关关系,石英等自生矿物结晶度对温度响应明显,非晶态硅质向晶态转化的模拟温度应低于400℃。在温度一定情况下,矿物结晶与压力呈抛物线型关系,存在优势压力区间,硅质结晶对应的压力在137.5 MPa左右,压力对成岩作用贡献包括压实作用与热能效应两个方面,以压实作用为主;在成岩作用过程中,反应时间可适当补偿温压不足造成的成岩效应差异,其对化学成岩作用贡献大于压实作用。相关成果可为成岩作用数值模拟与定量研究提供参考,进一步推动成岩作用机理的深化研究。 相似文献
5.
莺歌海盆地异常地层压力的分布状况、异常地层压力条件下的流-岩相互作用以及其对储层成岩演化影响方面的研究尚未展开, 综合应用岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、稳定同位素分析、流体包裹体均一温度测试等技术, 系统分析了莺歌海盆地LD区现今压力分布特征、超压环境下储层成岩作用特征及超压流体活动对储层成岩演化的影响.结果表明: (1)地层超压驱动深层热流体向上释放, 富含碳酸盐类离子成分的热流体运移到超压顶界面附近时由于温压条件变化而重新沉淀, 形成高含量的碳酸盐胶结物致密层; (2)地层超压通过抑制粘土矿物的转化来减少碳酸盐胶结物的生成和石英次生加大, 使原生孔隙得以有效保存; (3)LD区块储层普遍富含CO2, 在超压环境下CO2在流体中溶解度增大, 会大量生成H+; 另外一方面, 超压增加了LD区块有机酸的释放空间和时间, 促进溶蚀作用的产生.由此可知, 造成研究区中深部超压储层具有较高的孔隙度的主要因素为超压抑制了胶结物的生成, 其次为超压降低了机械压实作用及促进了次生孔隙的发育. 相似文献
6.
三塘湖盆地牛圈湖区块中生界侏罗系西山窑组储层具有典型的异常低压油藏特征,晚白垩末期储层达到最大埋深,此时下部芦草沟组烃源岩演化程度达到最大,随着油气持续向储层充注,此时地层压力达到最大,可达30.33~50.74MPa。本文从引起油藏异常低压的主要因素入手,定量分析了构造抬升与地层剥蚀、地层温度降低、成岩作用中的"耗水作用"以及矿物蚀变引起的自生体积缩小等因素对地层压力的影响。这些因素共同作用导致了地层压力降低,其中溶蚀作用中矿物蚀变所形成的"耗水作用",使地层压力下降24.4%~37.1%,是造成储层异常低压的首要因素,同时矿物蚀变导致自身体积缩小并导致储层压力下降16.5%~24.8%,地层温度降低和构造运动对储层压力降低影响相对较弱,降低幅度分别为7.9%~8.6%和4.8%~8.1%。以上种种因素的共同作用,使得地层压力下降17.45~37.85MPa,最终形成现今异常低压的分布格局。 相似文献
7.
对巢湖北部地区以碳酸盐岩为主的寒武系—下三叠统海相地层的黏土矿物分析及伊利石结晶度测定的结果表明:伊利石是本区海相地层的主体矿物,平均体积分数为73%。黏土矿物的成岩转化特征表现为蒙皂石的伊利石化。按照伊利石结晶度的成岩-浅变质程度划分,本区寒武系—下三叠统的成岩作用已达到最高成岩阶段。伊利石结晶度的纵向变化总体上可分为上、下两部分:下部寒武系至志留系的结晶度为0.41～0.60°Δ2θ,结晶度与埋深具有一定的相关性,成岩作用是下部地层黏土矿物特征的主控因素;上部泥盆系至下三叠统的结晶度为0.45～0.77°Δ2θ,呈波动变化,蒙皂石连续出现,地层没有被显著埋藏,沉积因素是上部地层黏土矿物特征的主控因素。下三叠统地层中蒙皂石的分布特征以及上泥盆统五通组顶部高岭石的普遍富集具有重要的古气候研究意义。 相似文献
8.
9.
黄骅坳陷中北区深部储层物性影响因素分析 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9
通过对黄骅坳陷中北区的研究认为, 影响该地区深部储层物性的因素主要有沉积环境和沉积相、成岩作用和深部地层异常超压的形成与分布等, 其中成岩作用中的胶结作用（ 主要为硅质胶结和铁白云石胶结） 是致使深层孔隙度降低的主要原因, 酸性水的溶解作用是产生大量次生孔隙的重要因素, 深部异常压力带的存在是次生孔隙得以保存的重要条件 相似文献
10.
松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组泥岩异常高压与裂缝的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对“古龙凹陷青山口组泥岩裂缝成因机理”的研究，认为青山口组泥岩裂缝是成岩作用和异常高压共同作用的结果。较详细地探讨了青山口组泥岩异常高压裂缝的形成及其在目前地层条件下所保持的状态。 相似文献
11.
《Chemical Geology》2003,193(3-4):167-179
REE analyses were performed on authigenic illitic clay minerals from Late Permian mudrocks, sandstones and bentonites from the Bowen Basin (Australia). The mixed-layer illite–smectite exhibit REE patterns with an obvious fractionation of the HREE from the LREE and MREE, which is an apparent function of degree of illitization reaction. The highly illitic (R≥3) illite–smectite from the northern Bowen Basin show a depletion of LREE relative to the less illitic (R=0 and 1) clays. In contrast, an enrichment of HREE for the illite-rich clays relative to less illitic clays is evident for the southern Bowen Basin samples. The North American Shale Composite-normalized (La/Lu)sn ratios show negative correlations with the illite content in illite–smectite and positive correlations with the δ18O values of the clays for both the northern and southern Bowen Basin samples. These correlations indicate that the increasing depletion of LREE in hydrothermal fluids is a function of increasing water/rock ratios in the northern Bowen Basin. Good negative correlations between (La/Lu)sn ratios and illite content in illite–smectite from the southern Bowen Basin suggest the involvement of fluids with higher alkalinity and higher pH in low water/rock ratio conditions. Increasing HREE enrichment with δ18O decrease indicates the effect of increasing temperature at low water/rock ratios in the southern Bowen Basin.Results of the present study confirm the conclusions of some earlier studies suggesting that REE in illitic clay minerals are mobile and fractionated during illitization and that this fact should be considered in studies of sedimentary processes and in identifying provenance. Moreover, our results show that REE systematic of illitic clay minerals can be applied as an useful technique to gain information about physico-chemical conditions during thermal and fluid flow events in certain sedimentary basins. 相似文献
12.
Stoichiometry of smectite dissolution reaction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The dissolution stoichiometry of smectite-rich bentonites SAz-1, STx-1 and SWy-1 was studied at 50°C and pH 2 and 3 using flow-through reactors. In addition to smectite, these samples contain considerable amounts of silica phases (quartz, cristobalite and/or amorphous silica). As a result, the molar Al/Si ratios of the bulk samples are significantly lower than those of the pure smectite.Smectite dissolution was highly incongruent during the first few hundred to few thousand hours of the experiments. Release rates of Si, Mg, Ca and Na underwent a distinct transition from an initial period of rapid release to significantly lower release rate at steady state. A reversed trend was observed for release of Al, which gradually increased from very low starting release rate to higher release rate at steady state. At steady state the ratio of released Al to released Si was found to be constant and independent of the experimental conditions. We suggest that this ratio represents the Al/Si ratio of the smectite itself, and it is not influenced by the presence of accessory phases in the sample.The rapid release of calcium, sodium and magnesium from the interlayer sites is explained by ion-exchange reactions, whereas the fast release of silicon is explained by dissolution of amorphous silica. We interpret the initial slow release of Al as the result of inhibition of smectite dissolution due to coating or cementation of the smectite aggregates by amorphous silica. As the silica is dissolved, the aggregates fall apart and more smectite surfaces are exposed, resulting in an increase in the smectite dissolution rate. Thereafter, the system approaches steady state, in which the major tetrahedral and octahedral cations of smectite are released congruently. 相似文献
13.
下扬子区早三叠世风暴沉积的粘土矿物分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对下扬子区泾县、宁国、宜兴等地早三叠世风暴沉积中的粘土矿物进行取样分析,并综合沉积学和古生物学等特征的研究表明：随着Kübler指数的增高,所测样品中蒙皂石的含量呈递减趋势,蒙皂石伊利石化明显受阻,并且风暴沉积的各层段粘土矿物组合特征也相差较大,其主要因素是物源的变化。根据沉积特征和粘土矿物组合中蒙皂石和伊利石等含量的不同,可将本次研究的剖面分为两个序列:序列Ⅰ以宁国和宜兴等地为代表,为近源型风暴沉积;序列Ⅱ以泾县为代表,出现了近源和远源的双重属性,究其原因可能是因泾县位于近源和远源沉积的过渡带所致。 相似文献
14.
Estimation of land subsidence caused by loss of smectite-interlayer water in shallow aquifer systems
Traditionally, land subsidence that results from groundwater over-pumping has often been described by the theory of consolidation. The mechanism of land subsidence due to the dehydration of clay minerals is not well addressed. A model of the “hydration state of smectite”, and a “solid solution model of smectite dehydration”, incorporating a thermodynamic solid solution model and laboratory results concerning clay-water systems of swelling pressure, hydration state and basal spacing in smectite interlayer, are employed to examine the effect of the release of water from the smectite interlayer on land subsidence in the coastal area of the Chou-Shui River alluvial fan and the Yun Lin offshore industrial infrastructure complex in Taiwan. The results indicate that 9.56–22.80% of the total cumulative land subsidence to a depth of 300 m is consistent with smectite dehydration following the over-pumping of groundwater. This dehydration-related land subsidence occurred to a depth of 0–60 m, with subsidence due to smectite dehydration accounting for 6.20–13.32% of the primary consolidation. Additionally, the total amount of subsidence resulting from both smectite dehydration and primary consolidation is consistent with the subsidence observed in the field. This study reveals that smectite dehydration appears to be important in assessing and predicting land subsidence in shallow aquifer systems. 相似文献
15.
高岭石是东营凹陷沙河街组砂岩储层中常见的黏土矿物,对储层物性具有重要的影响,但目前对其特征及成因的研究较少。本文利用薄片分析、阴极发光、扫描电镜、X射线能谱等多种技术手段,结合东营凹陷构造演化、流体活动历史与成岩序列研究了东营凹陷高岭石的类型、特征及其成因。研究结果表明:东营凹陷沙河街组砂岩储层主要发育两类高岭石,第一类高岭石晶形发育良好,单偏光下呈鳞片-蠕虫状,扫描电镜下单晶呈假六方片状,晶体排列紧密,集合体呈蠕虫状或书页状,成分纯;第二类高岭石晶形发育不及第一期,单偏光下呈鳞片状,扫描电镜下可见晶层卷曲,晶体排列疏松,集合体呈手风琴状,其成分中除了Al、Si、O还含有少量Fe、Ca元素。高岭石主要为自生高岭石,是长石在有机质演化过程中产生的酸性流体作用下发生溶蚀作用的产物。但是,两类高岭石具有不同的形成时期、成因和形成环境,其中,第一类高岭石主要形成于东营末期,是沙四段上部烃源岩生烃和油气成藏时生成的有机酸溶蚀长石的产物;而第二类高岭石形成于馆陶期末和明化镇组大规模油气充注时期,此时,处于晚成岩A期,大量的蒙脱石向伊利石转化,酸性流体中含有较多的Fe2+、Ca2+等。 相似文献
16.
蒙脱石伊利石化的控制因素、转化机制及其转化模型的研究综述 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
蒙脱石伊利石化是近几十年来粘土矿物学研究的核心之一。本文综述了近年来蒙脱石伊利石化的研究进展，内容涉及影响控制蒙脱石伊利石化的主要因素，包括温度、时间、压力、孔隙流体的化学成分等；蒙脱石向伊利石转化的机制及动力学模拟；当前流行的几种蒙脱石伊利石化的转化模型。 相似文献
17.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
The clay mineralogy of the clay intervals interbedded with siliceous mudstones across the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) in Pengda, Guiyang, Guizhou province, was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The clay mineral assemblages of the sediments are mainly I/S clays and minor smectite, kaolinite, and illite as reveled by XRD analyses. The peak-shape parameters BB1 and BB2 of I/S clays of the representative clay bed PL-01 are 4.7° and 4.4°, and the peak position of the low angle reflection is at 6.8° 2θ (13.6 ), suggesting that the I/S clays has a IS type of ordering. However, the presence of multi-order reflections and their intensities are different from those of completely ordered 1∶1 mixed-layer I/S clay rectorite, indicating that I/S clays of the Pengda section have partially ordered IS structures. HRTEM observations show that most of the I/S clays exhibit an IS stacking ordering. However, in some areas within a IS particle, smectite layer is observed in doublets, triplets, and quartets, which are interstratified by various amounts of illite layers, suggesting the presence of other irregular stacking in addition to the major 1∶1 IS ordered stacking. Transformation of smectite layer into illite layers is also observed in the I/S clays, suggesting that the Pengda I/S clays are derived from smectite illitization, in good agreement with the clay mineral assemblage. The I/S clays of the Pengda section contain up to 45% to 95% smectite layer, the notably higher contents of smectite layer relative to those of other PTB stratigraphic sets in south China can be attributed to difference in alteration and smectite illitization processes due to different sedimentary environments. 相似文献
18.
本文应用扫描电子显微镜及偏光显微镜,研究重矿物阶状石榴石表面的显微结构,确定它是自生成因的铁铝石榴石。根据阶状石榴石在各探井剖面中的纵向分布规律及特征变化,可以推断它的形成与埋藏深度或地温关系密切。通过计算确定,阶状石榴石初始形成的温度为92±5℃,可作为成岩矿物地温计。这对评价新探区的生油岩及储集岩均有实际意义。 相似文献
19.
Javier Cuadros 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(16):4181-4195
The kinetics of smectite illitization in shale samples from eight wells have been modeled using the equation −dS/dt = kK0.25S5 [Cuadros, J., Linares J., 1996. Experimental kinetic study of the smectite-to-illite transformation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta60, 439-453], where S is the proportion of smectite layers in illite-smectite (I-S), t is time, k is the rate constant and K is the concentration of potassium. The I-S compositions and the physical parameters were obtained from the literature. Potassium concentration is the only unknown parameter and it was chosen to fit the experimental data. I propose that this variable is termed “effective K concentration,” as it is affected not by the actual K concentration alone but also by those of other cations that compete with K for the smectite interlayer sites, especially Ca, by ion mobility in the sediments and possibly by other variables. The kinetic equation allows an accurate fit to the experimental data in all the wells, reproducing both the illitization onset and the patterns of the plots of % smectite vs. depth. The relative changes of the values of “effective K concentration” compare well with K/Ca equivalent ratios in the whole rock. Three of the modeled wells, located in near proximity, produced similar “effective K concentration” patterns. These results support the validity of the equation used in the models. They also suggest that this equation can be used to assess K concentrations in sediments and K mobility within basins. 相似文献
20.
The effect of clay dehydration on land subsidence in the Yun-Lin coastal area, Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
The smectite dehydration theory developed by Ransom and Helgeson was applied for simulation of land subsidence in the Yun-Lin
coastal area, Taiwan. The volumetric reduction of smectite clay at equilibrium state was computed by assuming that the dehydration
of interlayer water in smectite clay can be described with a regular solid solution reaction. By using the in situ stratigraphic
data collected from the subsidence monitoring wells in the simulated area, the amounts of land subsidence caused by smectite
dehydration in three scenarios with pressure variation were calculated. The results indicate that significant amounts of land
subsidence can be attributed to smectite dehydration. This finding reveals that smectite dehydration is of importance for
assessment and prediction of land subsidence. Additionally, the results also indicate the overburden weight has a larger effect
on clay dehydration than the effective stress change resulting from over-pumping, although both of them induce relatively
minor variations on land subsidence.
Received: 23 February 2000 · Accepted: 23 March 2000 相似文献