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1.
广东四会优质沙糖桔产地生态地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四会地区是中国重要的沙糖桔产区,重点对威整和地豆两处沙糖桔园进行了生态地球化学调查。采集了沙糖桔园表层至底层土壤、出露的代表性基岩、沙糖桔叶和果实样品,实测了营养、有益和有害元素以及土壤营养元素有效态的含量。通过分析得出:(1)优质沙糖桔产区植物营养、有益元素含量适宜,重金属元素中Cd、Cr、Hg等的含量符合无公害水果产地环境要求;(2)在土壤—沙糖桔生态系统中,大多数有益、营养元素从深部到表层的变化规律具有相似性;(3)沙糖桔各器官(叶、果皮、果实)中,元素大多在叶中较为富集,有害元素在果实中富集较小,大多数营养元素在果皮中较果肉中富集;(4)成土母质以砂岩及花岗岩发育而成的赤红壤较适宜,尤以砂岩为母质的土壤更好。 相似文献
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元素硒是许多生物（包括土壤微生物,植物、动物和人类）机体必需的微量营养元素之一,而且对植物、动物和人具有双重生物效应。半个多世纪以来土壤—植物系统元素硒的迁移、转化和富集过程一直备受关注。土壤硒的存在形态包括可溶态硒、可交换态及碳酸盐结合态硒、铁锰氧化物结合态硒、有机物结合态硒和残渣态硒5种形态,其中可溶态硒和可交换态及碳酸盐结合态硒具生物有效性,有机物结合态硒随着有机质分解可转化为可溶态硒而成为土壤潜在有效硒源。不同植物硒含量水平取决于区域土壤有效硒含量和不同植物的硒吸收和富集水平。因此,土壤硒的生物有效性是决定食物链硒含量的关键,同时土壤有效硒通过调节根际环境和植物代谢过程提高植物抗逆性。土壤—植物系统元素硒的迁移和转化是一个复杂的生物地球化学过程,受地壳运动、母岩性质、气候、地貌、土壤环境（物理、化学和微生物活动）条件、土壤硒含量及其化学性质、植物种类及其生理习性、田间管理过程等因素的耦合作用影响。为充分合理利用土壤硒资源,将来应加强植物体内,尤其是主要粮食作物、蔬菜、果树和地道药材叶片、果实中硒迁移、转化和富集研究,为缺硒地区硒的生物强化、富硒地区农作物种植选择和居民食品选择及... 相似文献
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为了解安徽贵池地区富硒土壤特征与潜力,服务当地富硒土地资源开发,选择贵池西部开展土壤地球化学测量试验,探讨Se、I等有益元素的富集特征、成因及潜力,Cd、As等有害元素的超标特征及成因等,结合研究区土壤中有益、有害元素特征,讨论富硒土地资源及其开发优势。发现表层和深层土壤中Se等有益元素含量总体较高,其中Se含量达到富硒土地标准的表层土壤点位占全部样品点位的76%;表层土壤中Cd含量超标的点位占48%,其他有害元素仅个别点位超标,Cd是制约该地区富硒土地资源开发的主要不利因素。在研究区圈定了61.4 km2的富硒土地资源,认为研究区东部土壤富硒的物质来源是二叠系灰岩,可以利用当地灰岩提升富硒土地资源品质,降低生态风险。 相似文献
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成都市土壤环境质量及优质农产品基地选区地球化学评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
以成都市土壤第一环境832件样品和土壤第二环境3061件样品53个元素的准确定量测试数据为基础,确定了成都市土壤中13种植物必须的营养元素及有益元素和5种对植物有害元素的背景值和过量限值及不足限值,并以此为基础进行成都市土壤环境质量评价和优质农产品基地选区地球化学评价。 相似文献
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影响从化荔枝生长及果实品质的地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从化地区是广东重要的荔枝产区,本文重点对从化荔枝进行了生态地球化学调查,采集了荔枝园表层土壤和荔枝果实以及配套根系土样品,测试了营养、有益和有害元素及荔枝果实的品质。通过计算荔枝果实元素的吸收系数、果实品质与根系土营养元素的相关性,获知影响荔枝生长及果实品质的特征元素,包括常量组分N、P、MgO、NaO、CaO、Al2O3和微量元素B、S、Sb、V。最后通过分析特征元素在评价区分布状况,获知种植荔枝最理想区域为第四纪松散堆积物以及白垩纪花岗岩。 相似文献
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以拜泉地区1：5万土地质量地球化学调查数据为基础,开展硒地球化学特征及生态效应研究,探讨硒元素在土壤-植物系统中的迁移富集规律.研究表明：拜泉地区根系土硒含量均值为0.25×10-6,属中等富硒土壤,黄豆和水稻富硒占比相对较高;水溶态硒和离子交换态硒含量之和约为5%,一定程度上制约硒的有效量.土壤理化性质对硒全量、硒形态及其迁移富集具有重要影响：碱性-中性土壤硒含量基本不受pH制约,硒多以亚硒酸盐形式存在,不利于硒元素的转移和植物吸收;硒全量（有效量）与有机质呈显著正相关关系,但有机质含量超过某一界限后,有机质含量的增加虽然可以提高硒含量水平,但也抑制硒元素的迁移富集. 相似文献
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四会地区是中国重要的沙糖桔产区,重点对威整、地豆和江谷三处沙糖桔园进行了生态地球化学调查,采集了沙糖桔园表层土壤以及沙糖桔叶、果实以及配套根系土样品,实测了营养、有益和有害元素.通过计算沙糖桔各部位元素吸收系数、果实品质与根系土营养元素的相关性,获知影响沙糖桔生长及果实品质的特征元素,它包括常量组分SiO2、Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、CaO、OrgC、Na2O和微量元素S、B、V、Co.最后通过分析特征元素在评价区分布状况,获知种植沙糖桔理想区域为泥盆纪地层分布区. 相似文献
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《安徽地质》2020,(1)
采集岳西县来榜镇茶园的25件茶叶样品及根系土,分析茶园根系土和茶叶中硒含量及其影响因素。结果表明:根系土壤硒含量为0.11～0.38mg/kg,平均值为0.21mg/kg,参照土地质量地球化学评价规范,根系土均未达到富硒标准。土壤浸提硒含量为0.004～0.013mg/kg,平均值为0.008mg/kg。茶叶硒含量为0.17～0.66mg/kg,平均值为0.37mg/kg,采集的25件茶叶样品有22件达到了富硒茶标准。土壤不富硒,但茶叶富硒率高,认为岳西翠兰茶树属于对硒元素富集能力较强的植物,采样茶树均生长周期较长,可能是茶树对硒元素产生了一定的累积效应。土壤硒、浸提性硒主要受有机质、全氮、速效钾的影响,与部分重金属相伴生。茶叶硒与土壤养分、理化性质、有效态相关性均不明显,与重金属中生物毒性响应系数较大的4种元素呈负相关的趋势。 相似文献
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中国西南典型地质背景区土壤重金属分布及生态风险特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国西南有22.3%的耕地重金属含量超标,区内广泛分布的峨眉山玄武岩和碳酸盐岩被认为是土壤中重金属的主要母质来源。目前,中国西南地区,尤其是峨眉山玄武岩分布区土壤重金属生态风险的研究程度仍有待提升,不同地质背景区(成土母岩)土壤中重金属含量、空间分布与生态风险缺乏对比。本文选择四川省典型地质背景区采集土壤样品,采用原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱等方法测定重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)含量和pH数据,结合地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,研究了重金属元素的含量、空间分布特征和土壤重金属生态风险。结果表明:(1)玄武岩区土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Zn的含量高于碳酸盐岩区,也高于四川和全国背景值。各元素含量分别为四川背景值的3.25、1.08、5.08、1.72、1.55、1.63倍和全国背景值的2.60、1.40、6.87、1.47、1.87、1.91倍;(2)As、Cr、Pb的高含量区域与碳酸盐岩分布区对应,Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni、Zn的高含量区域与峨眉山玄武岩的空间分布对应;(3)地累积指数表明玄武岩分布区土壤中Cd、Cu、Ni、Zn污染程度高于碳酸盐岩区;(4)研究区内生态危害程度较高的元素为Cd、Cu和Hg;其在玄武岩分布区"强生态危害"及以上的比例比碳酸盐岩区分别高出22.4%、1.15%和26.0%。本研究揭示:(1)研究区内土壤中重金属元素的含量、分布及生态风险与地质背景密切相关;(2)产生这一规律的原因在于母岩中元素含量的差异、成土过程中元素的地球化学行为及元素次生富集等因素综合作用的结果;(3)研究区土壤酸碱度偏低(pH平均值为5.5),需预防土壤进一步酸化引起的重金属活化风险。 相似文献
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三峡库区重庆段土壤某些重金属污染的矿物学方法评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了三峡库区重庆段51件土壤样品的矿物组成,结果表明,石英、斜长石和钾长石是土壤中主要矿物,大部分样品中石英的含量高,主要粘土矿物是伊利石,其次是蒙脱石,其他矿物含量较低。同时,参比国家水质标准,根据土壤对金属离子的临界吸附量公式计算了样品重金属污染的阈值,对样品进行了Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu的污染状况评价。结果表明,土壤中污染元素的含量与生态效应评价值并不一致;Cd和Hg的污染尚未达到临界值,危险性较小,但不能因此忽视地球化学定时炸弹的风险;Pb和Cu的污染严重。由于包括母岩在内的样品的评价结果显示污染,可能反映研究区的地球化学背景,需要采取有效措施改善和预防目前和将来的污染危害。 相似文献
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Giovanni Mongelli Michele Paternoster Giovanna Rizzo Rosa Sinisi 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(4):1125-1140
There is an increasing interest in the distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) within soils, primarily as these elements can be used to identify pedogenetic processes and because soils may be future sources for REE extraction, despite much attention should be paid to the protection and preservation of present soils. Here, we evaluate the processes that control the distribution of REEs in subsoil horizons developed over differing lithologies in an area of low anthropogenic contamination, allowing estimates of the importance of source rocks and weathering. Specifically, this study presents new data on the distribution of REEs and other trace elements, including transition and high-field-strength elements, in subsoils developed on both Quaternary silica-undersaturated volcanic rocks and Pliocene siliciclastic sedimentary rocks within the Mt. Vulture area of the southern Apennines in Italy. The subsoils in the Mt. Vulture area formed during moderate weathering (as classified using the chemical index of alteration) and contain an assemblage of secondary minerals that is dominated by trioctahedral illite with minor vermiculite. The REEs, high-field-strength elements, and transition metals have higher abundances in subsoils that developed from volcanic rocks, and pedogenesis caused the Mt. Vulture subsoils to have REE concentrations that are an order of magnitude higher than typical values for the upper continental crust. This result indicates that the distribution of REEs in soils is a valuable tool for mineral exploration. A statistical analysis of inter-elemental relationships indicates that REEs are concentrated in clay-rich fractions that also contain significant amounts of low-solubility elements such as Zr and Th, regardless of the parent rock. This suggests that low-solubility refractory minerals, such as zircon, play a significant role in controlling the distribution of REEs in soils. The values of (La/Yb)N and (Gd/Yb)N fractionation indices are dependent on the intensity of pedogenesis; soils in the study area have values that are higher than typical upper continental crust ratios, suggesting that soils, especially those that formed during interaction with near neutral to acidic organic-rich surface waters, may represent an important source of both light REEs and medium REEs (MREEs). In comparison, MREE/heavy REE fractionation in soils that form during moderate weathering may be affected by variations in parent rock lithologies, primarily as MREE-hosting minerals, such as pyroxenes, may control (La/Sm)N index values. Eu anomalies are thought to be the most effective provenance index for sediments, although the anomalies within the soils studied here are not related to the alteration of primary minerals, including feldspars, to clay phases. In some cases, Eu/Eu* values may have a weak correlation with elements hosted by heavy minerals, such as Zr; this indicates that the influence of mechanical sorting of clastic particles during sedimentary transport on the Eu/Eu* values of siliciclastic sediments needs to be considered carefully. 相似文献
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对中国东部从黑龙江省到海南省的纵向大断面50个表土样品的稀土元素(REE)含量进行了测定,结果显示其平均含量高于中国土壤和世界土壤的平均值;其稀土元素组成特点表现为轻稀土(LREE)富集,重稀土(HREE)亏损,Eu的负异常和Ce的正异常;未发现稀土元素总量∑REE和轻重稀土比值∑LREE/∑HREE随纬度或年均温度、年降水量有明显的地带性规律变化;δCe值的分布特征显示在气候达到南亚热带-北热带地区的湿热程度及风化强度时,表土才会出现显著的Ce正异常;在Ce/Eu对Eu/Sm图解上不同母岩类型的表土参数差异明显,尤其是玄武岩发育的表土与中酸性岩石和沉积岩发育的表土之间具有明显差异。本研究表明,中国东部表土的稀土元素分布特征没有明确的气候带示踪意义,而主要具有成土母质类型示踪意义;δCe值的显著正异常可以示踪南亚热带-热带气候;由于影响因素复杂,各种特征参数的细微变化对沉积物成因、物源区以及区域气候的指示意义尚待积累更多的数据并参考其他环境指标才能做出正确判断。 相似文献
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Mineralogical and geochemical patterns of urban surface soils, the example of Pforzheim, Germany 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Stefan Norra Mahesh Lanka-Panditha Utz Kramar Doris Stüben 《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(12):2064-2081
This study presents a combined geochemical and mineralogical survey of urban surface soils. Many studies on urban soils are restricted to purely chemical surveys in order to investigate soil pollution caused by anthropogenic activities such as traffic, heating, industrial processing, waste disposal and many more. In environmental studies, chemical elements are often distinguished as lithogenic and anthropogenic elements. As a novel contribution to those studies, the authors combined the analysis of a broad set of chemical elements with the analysis of the main mineralogical phases. The semi-quantification of mineralogical phases supported the assignment of groups of chemical elements to lithogenic or anthropogenic origin. Minerals are important sinks for toxic elements. Thus, knowledge about their distribution in soils is crucial for the assessment of the environmental hazards due to pollution of urban soils. In Pforzheim, surface soils (0–5 cm depth) from various land use types (forest, agriculture, urban green space, settlement areas of various site densities) overlying different geological units (clastic and chemical sediments) were investigated. Urban surface soils of Pforzheim reflect to a considerable degree the mineral and chemical composition of parent rocks. Irrespective of the parent rocks, elevated concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Sn, Ag) were found in soils throughout the whole inner urban settlement area of Pforzheim indicating pollution. These pollutants will tend to accumulate in inner urban surface soils according to the available adsorption capacity, which is normally higher in soils overlying limestone than in soils overlying sandstone. However, inner urban surface soils overlying sandstone show elevated concentrations of carbonates, phyllo-silicates and Fe and elevated pH values compared with forest soils overlying sandstone. Thus, in comparison to forest soils overlying sandstones, inner urban soils overlying sandstone affected by pollution concurrently possess elevated concentrations of mineral phases typically providing relatively high adsorption capacities for heavy metals. 相似文献
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以简阳三岔镇土地整理区紫色土中B、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo元素全量,与有效态含量、有机质含量、pH值为数据源,分析土壤微量元素的含量特征.通过对有效态含量进行分级评价,并结合有效态与全量、pH值、有机质含量的相关性分析,对研究区提出养份管理建议.研究表明,该区紫色土微量元素全量及交换性Mn含量相对正常,但有效B、Zn、C... 相似文献
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Shahid Naseem Salma Hamza Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda Erum Bashir Qamar ul-Haq 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1683-1690
Sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age (Ferozabad group) and igneous rocks (Bela Ophiolite) of Cretaceous age are widely exposed in the east of Winder Town, Balochistan. Representative 48 water and soil samples were collected and analyzed for Cd and other elements. The present study showed that water samples were contaminated by the Cd ion and most of the samples have higher concentration than prescribed WHO standards (3 μg/l) for drinking purpose. The concentration of Cd ions ranged between 1 and 30 with mean values of 10 μg/l and was found high in the vicinity of outcrops. The alkaline pH (av. 7.42) was mainly responsible for elevated Cd content in the water, having near equal molar proportions of Ca and HCO3 ions. Computed relative mobility values appeared as 0.23, indicating poor leaching from rocks and metal load in the groundwater is also measured low. The estimated values of mobility reflect fairly high mobility of Cd in the study area, decreases with distance from outcrops. The health hazard indices of drinking water was high (av. 1.33) with respect to safe average daily intake of Cd. The consumption of high Cd-bearing water may induce many disorders in the human health. 相似文献
18.
沉积岩的微量元素和稀土元素蕴含了大量的地质信息,对研究物源区性质与沉积环境的重塑具有重要的指导意义。本文研究了渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段泥岩和盐岩的微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征。结果表明:微量元素Sr、Ba丰度高,其他Rb、V、Ni、Mn、Fe、Cr、Br等元素含量较低,多数微量元素含量比同类岩石克拉克值偏高;∑REE为47.1×10-6～268.02×10-6,平均值为181.55×10-6,接近于后太古宙页岩(PAAS)的平均值,高于大陆上地壳(UCC)平均值。轻稀土与重稀土总量的比值为7.96～11.46,平均值为9.71,其分配模式表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土相对亏损,整体特征为"右倾斜型",但重稀土元素为较平坦。铕(Eu)具有明显的亏损(0.48～0.70),铈(Ce)轻微亏损(0.89～0.97)。而盐岩样品中所含微量元素和稀土元素含量普遍很少。通过对样品中Sr/Cu、V/(V﹢Ni)、(La/Yb)N、Sr/Ba、δCe和Ceanom等特征参数的分析,总结出沙三段属于陆相沉积,处于还原、厌氧、咸水沉积环境;根据La/Th-Hf和Co/Th-La/Sc源岩判别图解、Eu、δEu以及REE—La/Yb等组合特点,显示源岩主要为中酸性长英质岩石(花岗岩)和混合长英质岩/基性岩,古老沉积岩对其贡献不大,主要来自内黄隆起和鲁西隆起的碎屑物质。 相似文献
19.
为揭示冲积与湖积成因土壤镉的吸附特征,以安徽省当涂县冲积成因的江心洲和冲积、湖积成因的大陇乡根际土壤为研究对象,开展土壤镉的等温吸附实验和吸附动力学实验.等温吸附实验结果表明,冲积土壤镉的吸附量（S）、等温吸附常数（K）和固液分配系数（Kd）均较湖积土壤明显偏大,显示冲积土壤对镉的吸附能力较湖积土壤强;吸附动力学实验表明,冲积土壤的最大吸附量、平衡吸附量均较湖积土壤大,吸附速率也明显偏大,尤其在吸附实验早期更为显著;等温吸附常数K和平衡吸附速率Vb与土壤理化性质的分析表明,土壤pH是造成研究区土壤镉吸附能力差异的主要原因,其次为物理性粘粒含量;土壤pH是影响研究区冲积土壤镉吸附能力的主要因素;湖积土壤镉的吸附能力受土壤pH、有机质含量、Cd含量、物理性粘粒含量等因素的综合影响.研究对于揭示Cd在水土系统的迁移转化规律以及土壤Cd的污染防治具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献