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1.
朱钟秀 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1980,(2)
我们知道,矿物中化学成分的类质同象置换,常引起矿物的晶体结构,光学性质等许多物理特性相应的出现有规律的变化,这就使人们能利用简单的物理手段研究矿物化学成分变化的规律。在矿物族中二个端元矿物中元素进行类质同象置换时能使原子(离子)的质量和力常数发生变化,进而引起了矿物构造的微细变化,这就给目前利用矿物红外光谱吸收带研究端元矿物间的化学成分变化提供了基础。 1957年C.S.汤姆逊发现了斜长石牌号与红外光谱吸收带的线性关系。简便迅速测定斜长石牌号得到可能。 相似文献
2.
蒙脱石具良好的阳离子可交换吸附特性。在提纯蒙脱石的基础上,用氯化铵(NH_4Cl)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)分别交换蒙脱石层间阳离子制备了改性蒙脱石,并用提纯蒙脱石、改性后的蒙脱石吸附碱式硫酸铬溶液中的铬离子,获得含铬蒙脱石样品。针对上述的含铬蒙脱石进行包括粉末X射线衍射术(XRD)、电子顺磁共振谱术(EPR)和傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术(FTIR)以及电感耦合与等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)等测试和分析。吸附残余液的化学分析结果和含铬蒙脱石样品的XRD结果显示CTAB对蒙脱石的层间的封闭是较完全的,层间几乎未发生交换吸附;而NH_4~+—蒙脱石和蒙脱石层间则发生交换吸附。吸附前后样品的红外吸收谱发生了较大变化,表明三个含铬样品的红外吸收谱上出现的硅醇和铝醇向低波数延展的现象是由铬离子吸附在蒙脱石结构片的六方孔中所致。EPR的结果指示甚至在蒙脱石的少量四面体和/(或)八面体位中也有Cr~(3+)占位。 相似文献
3.
本文通过对柘榴石、辉石、角闪石和云母等铁镁质矿物的化学成分、光学性质和其它物性及红外吸收光谱的研究,试图找出它们的内在联系,以便用于研究矿物的类质同象变化规律。所测的矿物红外吸收光谱为中红外4000～400cm~(-1)波段的谱带特征,一般认为该波段主要是表现为硅酸盐中阴离子团的振动区。 从1、2图中可以看出所测矿物的谱带特征,铁镁硅酸盐谱带基本可分为三个波段,第一波段1100—800cm~(-1)据G.R.Hunt,J.W.Salisbury(1974),提出的硅酸盐光谱振动模式,该波段均为O—Si—O,Si—O—Si的非对称伸缩振动区。所以它们共同特点 相似文献
4.
《矿物学报》2017,(Z1)
本文研究了钙基蒙脱石吸附Cr~(3+)前后及不同温度热处理后产物的结构变化,运用了X射线荧光光谱法、X射线衍射术、傅利叶变换红外吸收光谱术、电子自旋共振谱术、热重分析和差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)等手段表征。结果显示Cr~(3+)以[Cr(H_2O)_6]~(3+)的形式替代Ca~(2+)存在于蒙脱石的TOT结构片的层间,在低于500℃的热处理后,d001变小,OH伸缩振动和中波数段向高波数偏移,ESR信号峰强度也有所增加。复水后,与加热的样品相比较,d001值有部分的增加,OH伸缩振动峰也向低波数偏移,ESR信号峰也有变化,表明Cr~(3+)位于六方孔较浅部位。当温度高于500℃时,产物的XRD显示出现绿铬矿(Cr_2O_3),根据XRD图谱以及ESR的g=1.97强度变化,尤其是产物的{001}衍射与TOT结构片高度相近及{060}衍射由尖锐的窄峰变宽的事实,表明蒙脱石沿{010}断裂细化并产生了类似于叶腊石的相,而由于复水后OH伸缩振动区域稍微地向低波数偏移,此时Cr~(3+)处在六方孔的深部。 相似文献
5.
红外吸收光谱是鉴定云母族矿物的有效方法之一。通过云母红外光谱的分析,能够深入了解类质同像的取代关系。本文将叙述白云母-多硅白云母系列中,类质同像置换的红外吸收特征在矿物学和地质学方面的应用。实验所用样品中有五个采自河南信阳变质带,7个样品采自西藏喜马拉雅变质带、雅鲁藏布江变质带和嘉玉桥变质带,还有4个伟晶岩型的样品。红外光谱的样品制备,是采用通常的固体钾-溴压片法,仪器为IR-450型红外光谱仪。单位分子式中离子数的计算结果列于表1,表2列出所获得的红外吸收频率(厘米-1)。 相似文献
6.
本文收集了我国南方4个产地的黝锡矿样品,使用电子探针、X射线衍射、~(119)Sn、~(57)Fe穆斯堡尔谱等测试方法测试。X射线衍射结果,黝锡矿的晶胞参数为:a=5.4531(5)?,c=10.7470(7)?,四方晶系,空间群I42m。4个不同产地的黝锡矿的Sn、Fe穆斯堡尔谱测量表明:锡的I·S值为1.34—1.49mm/s,Q·S值为0.36—0.50mm/s,为四面体的Sn~(4+);铁的I·S值为0.588—0.596mm/s,Q·S值为2.900—2.911mm/s,为四面体的Fe~(2+)。Sn、Fe离子仅占据一种结晶学位置。这些黝锡矿富Zn,Zn以类质同象置换Fe。 相似文献
7.
研究了钠基蒙脱石吸附Ni^2+后以及产物经过500℃热处理后的结构变化,采用了X射线荧光光谱术(XRF)、粉末X射线衍射术(XRD)、电子顺磁共振谱术(ESR)、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术(FTIR)以及拓展X射线吸收精细结构谱术(EXAFS)等分析手段测试了固体产物的特征,并利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱术(ICP-AES)分析了吸附残余液的化学组成。吸附残余液的化学分析结果表明,溶液中Ni^2+的量显著降低,同时又检测到一定量的Na^+、Mg^2+等离子,且XRD结果也证实蒙脱石层间域发生Ni^2+的交换吸附。EXAFS和ESR的结果进一步表明吸附反应后Ni^2+以[Ni(H2O)6]^2+的形式存在于蒙脱石的层间域,样品经过500℃加热后产物的XRD和FTIR结果均显示出现类滑石相产物。 相似文献
8.
祖母绿红外吸收主要与其硅氧骨干、通道内结构水、相关碱性金属离子和大分子振动有关。国内外相关研究主要集中在峰位归属及谱峰特征对比方面,认为与分子振动和不同类型结构水相关,对更深层的成矿或化学控制因素的研究还较少。本文选取典型4个矿区样品,针对贫碱结构水(Ⅰ型)特征为主的祖母绿进行了近、中红外光谱测定,在此基础上初步探讨其主要控制因素。结果表明:同为Ⅰ型水主控的不同矿区祖母绿呈现一致特征,若干与结构水、碱性离子及大分子相关吸收具有稳定峰位、近似的相对峰强和峰形的特征。分析发现:祖母绿红外谱带特征直接受控于通道中结构水的占位方向和比例,进一步与祖母绿成矿元素Al~(3+)的类质同象替换相关,主要受(Mg~(2+)+Fe~(2+))离子浓度影响,当其浓度较低时,类质同象替换程度较低,祖母绿结构水占位主要表现为Ⅰ型水特征,其相关元素特征表现为高Si、Al,低Mg、Fe,总体贫碱,对应相应的典型红外特征,指示化学离子浓度与红外谱学特征之间的关系。研究过程表明红外光谱可以辅助对Ⅰ型水祖母绿产地的鉴定和成矿环境的认知。 相似文献
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10.
蒙脱石红移、蓝移及水化特征的谱学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对提纯蒙脱石、钠化蒙脱石、有机插层蒙脱石进行紫外-可见光学吸收谱分析、红外光谱分析,发现蒙脱石随着粒度的变化产生红移和蓝移现象。1631插层样品较钠化样品红移20 nm以上,而提纯的胶体粒子样品较1631插层样品SM G-1631红移80 nm;由于提纯蒙脱石样品粒度变细羟基伸缩振动吸收峰向高波数移动了1.69 cm-1,即蓝移了1.69cm-1。蒙脱石水化性能的XRD分析表明,蒙脱石吸水后晶层发生膨胀、剥离,脱水时分散后的晶层发生凝聚作用,即面-面结合作用,形成蒙脱石“定向性层状集合体”衍射峰的d值产生了相应的变化,这种凝聚作用是蒙脱石分散剥离的逆作用,但凝聚后形成的凝聚蒙脱石的衍射谱特征与原始蒙脱石的大不相同。蒙脱石红移、蓝移及水化特征的谱学分析研究丰富了天然纳米蒙脱石矿物材料晶体化学研究的内容,具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
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12.
MERVATSAIDHASSAN SAYEDMAHMOUDSALEM 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(1):29-39
Clay minerals from different Cretaceous stratigraphic successions of Egypt were investigated using XRD,DTA,dissolution analysis(DCB),IR,Moessbauer and X-band Electron Spin Resonance(ESR) spectroscopies.The purity of the samples and the degree of structural order were determined by XRD.The location of Fe in the octahedral sheet is characterized by absorption bands at-875cm^-1 assigned as Al-OH-Fe which is present after chemical dissolution of free iron.The Moessbauer spectra of these clays sow two doublets with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting typical of octahedral coordinated Fe^3 ,in addition to third doubler with hyperfine parameter typical of Fe^2 in the spectra of Abu-Had kaolinite (H)sample.6-lines magnetic hyperfine components which are consistent with those of hematite are confirmed in the spectra of both Isel and Rish kaolinite samples.Goethite was confirmed by both IR and DTA.Multiple nature of ESR of these clays suggested structural Fe in distorted octaedral symmetry and as non-structural Fe.Little dispersion and low swelling indices as well as incomplete activaiton of investigated montmorillonite samples by NaCO3 appear to be due to incomplete disaggregation of montmorillonite particles.This can be explained by the ability of Fe-gel to aggregate the montmorillonite into pseudo-particles and retard the rigid-gel structure.However,extraction of this ferric amorphous compound by dithonite treatment recovers the surface properties of the montmorillonite samples.On the other hand,amounts and site occupation of Fe associated with kaolinite samples show a negative correlation with the parameters used to describe the degree of crystalline perfection,color,brightness and vitrification range of these kaolinite samples. 相似文献
13.
MERVATSAIDHASSAN SAYEDMAHMOUDSALEM 《中国地球化学学报》2001,20(2):120-129
Clay minerals from different Cretaceous stratigraphic successions of Egypt were investigated using XRD,DTA,dissolution analysis(DCB),IR,Moessbauer and X-ray Electron Spin Resonance(ESR) spectroscopes.The purity of the samples and the degree of their structural order were determined by XRD.The location of Fe in the octahedral sheet is characterized by absorption bands at-875cm^-1 assigned as Al-OH-Fe which persist after chemical dissolution of free iron.The Moessbauer spectra of these clays show two doublets with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting typical of octahedrally coordinated Fe^3 ,in addition to third doublet with hyperfine parameter typical of Fe^2 in the spectra of Abu-Had kaolinite (H) sample.Six-lines magnetic hyperfine components which are consistent with those of hematite are confirmed in the spectra of both Isel and Rish kaolinite samples.Goethite was confirmed by both IR and DTA.Multiple nature of ESR of these clays suggested structural Fe in distorted octahedral symmetry as well as non-structural Fe.Little dispersion and low swelling indices as well as incomplete activation of the investigated montmorillonite samplas by NaCO3 appear to be due to incomplete disaggregation of montmorillonite particles.This can be explained by the ability of Fe-gel to aggregate the montmorillonite into pseudo-particles and retard the rigid-gel structure.However,extraction of this ferric amorphous compound by dithonite treatment recovers the surface properties of the montmorillonite samples.On the other hand,the amount and site occupation of Fe associated with kaolinite samples show an inverse correlation with the parameters used to describe the degree of crystallinity perfection,color,brightness and vitrification range of these kaolinite samples. 相似文献
14.
第四纪骨化石样品的多方法对比测年 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文报道作者用14C、铀系和ESR等多种测年技术对比测定第四纪骨化石样品年龄结果,对比分析骨化石中各含碳组分14C年龄的异同。在此基础上讨论诸测年方法的可靠性和测年精度,分析哪种含碳组分最能代表骨质样品的真实年龄。对晚于40 000aB.P.的骨质样品,作者倾向于样品中氨基酸的14C测年,而对更老的样品,铀系法应优先被选用。本文还对北京周口店山顶洞遗址骨化石样品中不同含碳组分的14C测年结果做了讨论。 相似文献
15.
Vronique Michel Herv Bocherens Isabelle Thry‐Parisot Karel Valoch Patricia Valensi 《Geoarchaeology》2006,21(5):479-501
The preservation process of faunal remains from the Middle Paleolithic levels of Kůlna Cave was studied within a taphonomic and palaeodietary framework. A visual examination of bones and teeth showed that they display a wide variety of colors. Chemical analyses (C, N, Fe, Mn) and a combination of analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry, were conducted on 13 fossil remains. The crystallinity indexes, IR‐SF, XRD‐CI, XRD‐L200, the IR area band (Amide I), and the ESR analyses showed that the bones were not burned at a temperature higher than 200°C. This implies that the bone remains were not used as fuel by Neanderthals at Kůlna Cave. Coloring in these bones is largely due to the presence of Mn and Fe. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
16.
样品采自伊敏褐煤盆地中一个因次火山活动形成的烟煤区,包含了从褐煤到瘦煤的变质系列。红外光谱分析表明,煤的含氧基团在褐煤阶段已开始消失,烷基和芳环同步增加,在R°=1.10%时达最大值。顺磁共振自由基浓度和X-衍射参数La/Lc介于区域变质煤和岩浆接触热变质煤之间,芳核外官能团的热演化超前于芳核骨架及R°的演化。 相似文献
17.
Anne F. Skinner 《Quaternary Science Reviews》1988,7(3-4)
Marine aragonite, in the form of corals and/or shells, provides useful markers of geological and archaeological events. It is, therefore, important to have simple and accurate methods of dating these materials. Electron spin resonance (ESR) has previously been shown to be a reliable method for establishing the age of aragonitic coral samples in the time period approximately 100 ka B.P. The primary purpose of the present work is to discuss the problems encountered in extending this method to considerably older samples, up to 600 ka BP in age. In this time period there are questions about the stability of the ESR signal. The samples investigated are aragonitic corals from reef terraces of Barbados, West Indies, all of which have previously been dated by the
methods, and by U-series disequilibrium, for samples below the limit of this method. There is generally good agreement for samples up to about 300 ka in age; older samples, even unrecrystallized, appear younger when dated by ESR than by
. The source of this discrepancy is not clear. The explanation of thermal fading is not adequate. However, it appears likely that in most cases ESR will be able to be used to date materials up to this age. Further investigation is needed to determine tests that will distinguish datable samples from non-datable ones. 相似文献
18.
ESR DATING OF THE CENOZOIC STRATA AT LAOJUNMIAO SECTION, YUMEN AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR UPLIFT OF TIBETAN PLATEAU 相似文献
19.
WU Zhenhan JIANG Wan Peter Blisniuk BI Siwen ZHANG Shukun Olaf Kuchel MAO Yi Institute of Geomechanics CAGS Minzu Xueyuan Nanlu Beijing Institut fur Geowissenschaften Universitat Potsdam Postfach D- Potsdam Germany Liu Xinzhu 《《地质学报》英文版》1999,73(3):289-293
The Shuanghu basin is a NE-trending rift basin bounded by NE-striking normal faults and NW-striking shear-extensional faults of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Four samples from calcite veins in marginal faults and one sample from mudstone (S-3) were collected for dating the evolution of the Shuanghu basin by using the ESR spectrograph of EXM-type. Ages were calculated according to the close-equilibrium model on the basis of the measured ESR signal spectra of samples, providing good chronological information. It is known from the ESR dating that the extensional faulting and rifting of the Shuanghu area began at 4.92 Ma B.P., followed by regional folding in 3.56-1.36 Ma, NW-striking faulting in 0.60 Ma and normal faulting in 0.024 Ma in the Shuanghu basin. 相似文献
20.
电子自旋共振（ESR）化石测年研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对ＥＳＫ测年样品的累积剂量和剂量率测量进行了讨论，并对化石样品年龄及其误差计算模式进行了探讨。对北京猿人洞牙化石釉质层的铡年研究表明，年龄数据稳定可靠，可与有关测年法结果对比。ＥＳＲ化石测年法已成为当前唯一能直接测定化石年龄大于４０万年的测年方法，对古人类演化研究具有重大意义。 相似文献