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1.
掌握北极海水水质特征及地域分布等第一手数据对北极科考意义重大。该项研究工作是全国青少年北极科考子任务,于2017年夏季在北极斯瓦尔巴德群岛中部海域对表层海水水质特征、地域差异及相关控制因素进行了研究。选取了6个区域共40个采样点采集表层海水样本,从温度、酸碱度、电导率、溶解性总固体量、实际盐度和溶解氧饱和度等方面进行了水质特征测量分析,发现该海域6个区域在海水温度、电导率、溶解性总固体量、实际盐度及溶解氧饱和度等方面均有较大差异,而酸碱度差异不大: 北部冰区水温最低,溶解性总固体量最低,溶解氧含量较高; 西北部海湾溶解氧饱和度最高; 中部海峡溶解性总固体量最高,盐度和电导率最低; 南部海域水温最高,实际盐度和电导率最高,溶解氧饱和度最低; 东部沿海水温偏低。采样点地理位置、洋流情况、地形地貌等因素对表层海水水质均有影响。这些研究成果对补充我国在北极地区的第一手科考数据和进行深入的科考研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
掌握北极海水水质特征及地域分布等第一手数据对北极科考意义重大。该项研究工作是全国青少年北极科考子任务,于2017年夏季在北极斯瓦尔巴德群岛中部海域对表层海水水质特征、地域差异及相关控制因素进行了研究。选取了6个区域共40个采样点采集表层海水样本,从温度、酸碱度、电导率、溶解性总固体量、实际盐度和溶解氧饱和度等方面进行了水质特征测量分析,发现该海域6个区域在海水温度、电导率、溶解性总固体量、实际盐度及溶解氧饱和度等方面均有较大差异,而酸碱度差异不大:北部冰区水温最低,溶解性总固体量最低,溶解氧含量较高;西北部海湾溶解氧饱和度最高;中部海峡溶解性总固体量最高,盐度和电导率最低;南部海域水温最高,实际盐度和电导率最高,溶解氧饱和度最低;东部沿海水温偏低。采样点地理位置、洋流情况、地形地貌等因素对表层海水水质均有影响。这些研究成果对补充我国在北极地区的第一手科考数据和进行深入的科考研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
盐度变化是湖泊的重要物理特性,电导率作为水体盐度最直观的体现,对湖泊的水质特征、湖水能量循环、生态系统研究具有重要影响。本文根据不同年份、不同季节的实地观测资料,分析高海拔、大型内陆湖盆纳木错电导率变化特征及季节差异,并着重分析湖水电导率与水温关系及纳木错能量循环特征。结果显示纳木错湖作为典型的微咸水湖,电导率数值逐年降低,纳木错区域气候环境正向暖湿转变且趋于淡化;湖水温差较小的范围内,电导率与水温二者成相关性变化;纳木错不同区域电导率值存在差异,曲线变化特征显示出纳木错为完全混合型湖泊,湖盆中部物质交换、能量循环大于东部。 相似文献
4.
通过常年大量的试验发现,电导率与溶解性总固体之间有密切的联系,相关书籍中也曾提到通过电导率的测定可以间接计算出溶解性总固体。因溶解性总固体的试验方法复杂且耗时较长,对水电的消耗较大,而电导率的测算方法快速、简便、精准,因此,此次试验以廊坊地区地下水为例,旨在找出二者之间的相关系数关系,简化溶解性总固体的测算过程、降低试验成本、提高工作效率,对水质分析工作具有很大的实用价值。通过试验得出,样品的溶解性总固体与电导率一次线性关系拟合程度高,拟合方程为:y=0. 58x。 相似文献
5.
为指导煤层气生产区煤层气井排采,以沁水盆地南部樊庄区块生产监测区为例,通过系统采样测试分析了不同时间节点煤层气井产出地层水样的离子浓度变化特征、溶解性总固体、电导率和总硬度的变化特征,判识了产出地层水的水质类型和水化学相。研究表明:产出地层水的离子浓度、溶解性总固体、电导率和总硬度呈现出波动性变化的特征,具有明显的一致性,地层水中离子浓度除受地层水来源、矿物和离子性质影响外,还受区域井间干扰形成条件下煤层气井产出地层水的流体场影响。产出地层水质类型主要为HCO3—Na型,部分为Cl—Na型,产出地层水水化学相主要为煤层水,部分煤层气井产出地层水水化学相为顶底板围岩水(砂岩或泥岩水)或混有顶底板围岩水的煤层水。生产监测区煤层气群井排采地层水来源的判识有利于指导煤层气生产区排采控制。 相似文献
6.
《地球科学进展》2016,(8)
通过2015年1月、4月、7月、10月水温、电导率、溶解氧、pH及叶绿素a监测数据对水体温度的季节动态及其垂直分层结构进行分析,探讨了泸沽湖水体水化学性质的季节性分层特征。结果表明:泸沽湖水体在春、夏、秋季出现明显的热力分层现象,冬季水温在垂向上接近同温状态,夏季温跃层位于10~25 m水深处,而秋季温跃层下移至20~30 m处。均温层水温维持在9.5~10℃与泸沽湖年均温一致,说明均温层水体稳定且处于相对恒温状态,是湖区年均温的反映。热力分层结构对电导率、溶解氧、pH及叶绿素a变化有一定影响,致使水体电导率、溶解氧、pH出现明显的分层现象,尤其在夏季,气温升高,热力分层现象显著,溶解氧和pH在温跃层内出现峰值,自峰值处向上、向下均呈递减趋势,均温层处于缺氧状态且p H值较小。虽然叶绿素a在温跃层以下维持较低水平,整体不高,但在表层有突然增高的现象,应予以高度警示,防止泸沽湖出现大面积藻类繁殖甚至局部性爆发。电导率垂向上呈递减变化,在温跃层内降低幅度较大。泸沽湖水体盐度基本保持恒定(约0.10‰),在不考虑盐度效应的情况下,无论是在垂直断面上还是在变温层、温跃层及均温层中,电导率与水温之间存在一简单线性函数关系,证明泸沽湖仍受自然气候影响,保持自然水体状态。 相似文献
7.
随着我国沿海经济的快速发展,人类活动强度不断加剧,对海洋生态系统的干扰和破坏不断加剧。为了解海州湾近岸海域水质状况,本文于2016年4月、9月对海州湾近岸海域表层海水的温度、盐度、pH值、悬浮物(SS)、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、亚硝酸盐(NO2--N)、硝酸盐(NO3--N)、铵氮(NH4+-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO34--P)、铜、铅、锌、镉、石油类等指标进行了两次采样调查,应用分光光度法和ICP-MS等技术分析各指标;应用单因子法、富营养化指数法和有机污染指数法对该海域海水的质量状况进行了评价分析,以期为研究区环境预警、环境管理和保护提供依据。结果表明:研究海域表层海水中CODMn在4月均值为1. 34mg/L,9月为1. 22mg/L;石油类4月均值为0. 031mg/L,9月为0. 034mg/L;活性磷酸盐4月均值为0. 013mg/L,9月为0. 012mg/L;溶解无机氮4月均值为0. 34mg/L,9月为0. 16mg/L; CODMn、石油类、活性磷酸盐、溶解无机氮的质量浓度大致呈现出由西南部向东北部海域降低的趋势,且无机氮总体浓度水平较高,为该海域主要的污染物。根据营养化评价模式和有机污染指数计算结果,本研究认为海州湾近岸海域表层水质总体营养水平较高,处于氮限制的潜在性富营养水平,有机污染程度属于Ⅱ级,水质已受到污染。 相似文献
8.
通过对北京市平原区监测数据分析显示,电导率和溶解性总固体之间相关系数R2大于0.9,具有较好的相关性,可以通过建立二者之间的线性回归方程对溶解性总固体值进行预测,精度较高。第四系松散孔隙水系统的6个子系统内数据的单独分析显示,对于不同的地下水系统二者之间的相关性不同,预测的精度也不同。用各子系统内数据单独建立的线性回归方程预测出的值相对误差更低。并且当地下水埋藏类型不同时,其相关性也不同,承压水预测的数据更准确。该方法对地下水水质监测工作者,提供一种在野外快速获取可信度较高的溶解性总固体的方法,达到监测出溶解性总固体数据异常点和超标点的快速反应,有针对性的调查,为地下水溶解性总固体质量评价增加准确性。 相似文献
9.
采用单因子评价法、统计分析法,以主要超标指标总硬度、溶解性总固体和稳定指标氯化物为特征指标,对北京平原区城市化进程初期、中期浅层和中层的地下水年内变化特征进行了分析和研究。对比结果表明,丰水期的水质劣于枯水期。选取2012年水质数据,分析溶解性总固体的变化分布特征,分析结果表明：上升区范围主要分布在大兴和通州的南部地区,平原区浓度上升区面积大于浓度下降区。 相似文献
10.
为实现地下水水源地的科学保护,识别水源地可能的污染源,通过采集吴忠市金积水源地保护区及周边16个水井地下水样品,依据采样测试分析结果,遵循连续性和代表性原则,选择了电导率、溶解性总固体、总硬度、浊度、溶解氧、氟化物、亚硝酸盐和细菌总数等8个指标进行多元统计分析。采用因子分析法,提取出4个公因子,利用因子得分进行多元线性回归,实现对金积水源地可能的地下水污染源的识别。结果表明,因子分析提取出的4个公因子,解释了所选样本总方差的96.979%,其中第一公因子代表蒸发浓缩作用,第二公因子代表粪便污染,第三公因子代表含氟矿物的溶解和工业污染,第四公因子代表自然作用,且各污染因子对不同采样点的污染程度不同,四个公因子对地下水水质的贡献率分别为:42.63%,29.23%,22.40%和5.74%。 相似文献
11.
T. Sibanda V. N. Chigor S. Koba C. L. Obi A. I. Okoh 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(6):1771-1780
The physicochemical qualities of a typical rural-based river were assessed over a 12-month period from August 2010 to July 2011 spanning the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons. Water samples were collected from six sampling sites along Tyume River and analysed for total nitrogen, orthophosphate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity. BOD regimes did not differ significantly between seasons and between sampling points and ranged from 0.78 to 2.76 mg/L across seasons and sampling points, while temperature ranged significantly (P < 0.05) between 6 and 28 °C. Turbidity varied significantly (P < 0.05) from 6 to 281 nephelometric turbidity units while TDS (range 24–209 ppm) and conductivity (range 47.6–408 mg/L) also varied significantly (P < 0.05) across sampling points with a remarkable similarity in their trends. Orthophosphate concentrations varied from 0.06 to 2.72 mg/L across seasons and sampling points. Negative correlations were noted between temperature and the nutrients, DO and temperature (r = ?0.56), and TDS and DO (r = ?0.33). Positive correlations were noted between TDS and temperature (r = 0.41), EC and temperature (r = 0.15), and DO and pH (r = 0.55). All nutrients were positively correlated to each other. Most measured parameters were within prescribed safety guidelines. However, the general trend was that water quality tended to deteriorate as the river flows through settlements, moreso in rainy seasons. 相似文献
12.
MONIKA WAHSNER CLAUDIA MÜLLER RUEDIGER STEIN GENNADIJ IVANOV MICHAEL LEVITAN EKATERINA SHELEKHOVA GENADY TARASOV 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1999,28(1):215-233
Clay-mineral distributions in the Arctic Ocean and the adjacent Eurasian shelf areas are discussed to identify source areas and transport pathways of terrigenous material in the Arctic Ocean. The main clay minerals in Eurasian Arctic Ocean sediments are illite and chlorite. Smectite and kaolinite occur in minor amounts in these sediments, but show strong variations in the shelf areas. These two minerals are therefore reliable in reconstructions of source areas of sediments from the Eurasian Arctic. The Kara Sea and the western part of the Laptev Sea are enriched in smectite, with highest values of up to 70% in the deltas of the Ob and Yenisey rivers. Illite is the dominant clay mineral in all the investigated sediments except for parts of the Kara Sea. The highest concentrations with more than 70% illite occur in the East Siberian Sea and around Svalbard. Chlorite represents the clay mineral with lowest concentration changes in the Eastern Arctic, ranging between 10 and 25%. The main source areas for kaolinite in the Eurasian Arctic are Mesozoic sedimentary rocks on Franz-Josef Land islands. Based on clay-mineral data, transport of the clay fraction via sea ice is of minor importance for the modern sedimentary budget in the Arctic basins. 相似文献
13.
This investigation is intended to evaluate the surface water quality of Brahmani River in order to determine its uses for different purposes. The water samples were collected from the strategic locations of the river from February 2014 to July 2015 and analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as water temperature; pH; electrical conductivity (EC); dissolved oxygen (DO); total dissolved solids (TDS); major cations, e.g., Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+; and major anions, e.g., F?, Cl?, \( {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-} \), \( {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-} \), \( {\mathrm{PO}}_4^{2-} \), and alkalinity. The water quality index (WQI) being a valuable and unique rating scale to depict the overall water quality status in a single term has been employed to determine the feasibility of using the river water as a source for various activities. The parameters with higher impact on water quality were selected to derive WQI of each selected sampling station. Results showed significant deterioration in quality of water at some of the sampling stations. WQI of Brahmani River ranged from 37.87 to 62.36 which falls in the range of good to poor quality of water. Pearson’s correlation matrix was derived to find possible interrelations among water quality parameters. 相似文献
14.
格陵兰海海冰外缘线变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
格陵兰海作为北冰洋的边缘海之一,容纳了北极输出的海冰,其海冰外缘线的变化既受北极海冰输出量的影响,也受局地海冰融化和冻结过程的影响。利用2003年1月到2011年6月AMSR-E卫星亮温数据反演的海冰密集度产品,对格陵兰海海冰外缘线的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,格陵兰海海冰外缘线不仅存在一年的变化周期,还存在比较显著的半年变化周期,与海冰在春秋两季向岸收缩有关。格陵兰海冬季的海冰外缘线极大值呈逐年下降的趋势,体现了北极增暖导致的冬季海冰范围减小;而夏季海冰外缘线离岸距离的极小值呈上升趋势,表明夏季来自北冰洋的海冰输出量增大。2003—2004年是格陵兰海夏季海冰融化最严重的2年。2007年北冰洋夏季海冰覆盖范围达到历史最小;而格陵兰海夏季的最小海冰范围最大,表明2007年北冰洋海冰的输出量大于其他年份。此外,夏季格陵兰岛冰雪融化形成的地表径流对海冰外缘线有一定的影响。对海冰外缘线影响最大的不是格陵兰海的局地风场,而是弗拉姆海峡(Fram Strait)区域的经向风,它直接驱动了北冰洋海冰向格陵兰海的输运,进而对格陵兰海海冰外缘线的分布产生滞后的影响。 相似文献
15.
Distribution of clay minerals in surface sediments from the eastern Barents and south-western Kara seas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
D. Nürnberg M. A. Levitan J. A. Pavlidis E. S. Shelekhova 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(3):665-682
Surface samples from the eastern Barents and south-western Kara seas have been analysed for clay mineralogy. Transport paths, the role of regional sources and local bedrock outcrops and the influence of hydrodynamic and glacigenous processes for clay distribution on the shelves are discussed in relation to central Arctic Ocean deep sea and sea ice sediments. Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya show significantly different clay mineral associations. Although smectite concentrations are fairly high, Franz Josef Land can be excluded as a source for central Arctic sea ice sediments, which are relatively rich in smectite. In the Kara Sea, smectite concentrations in coastal sediments surpass even the Franz Josef Land concentrations. The large cyclonic gyre in the eastern Barents Sea between Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land, which serves as a mixing zone between Arctic and North Atlantic water, is apparently reflected within the smectite distribution pattern. With the exception of Franz Josef Land, the area of investigation is typically low in kaolinite. In particular, coastal areas and areas north of Novaya Zemlya, influenced by the inflow of Arctic waters, show the lowest kaolinite concentrations. A high kaolinite occurrence within the Nansen Basin is most probably related to Franz Josef Land and emphasizes the importance of long-range downslope transport of sediments across the continental slope. The surface water circulation pattern in close interaction with local outcrops onshore Novaya Zemlya and locally restricted occurrences within the eastern Barents Sea significantly alter the illite dispersal pattern. Illite concentrations are lowest around Franz Josef Land. Chlorite is generally low in the area of investigation. Submarine outcrops and important chlorite occurrences onshore Novaya Zemlya bias its distribution pattern. 相似文献
16.
It is summarized based on previous studies that warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) brings huge amount of heat into Arctic Ocean and influences oceanic heat distribution and climate. Both heat transportation and heat release of AW are key factors affecting the thermal process in Eurasian Basin. The Arctic circumpolar boundary current is the carrier of AW, whose flow velocity varies to influence the efficiency of the warm advection. Because the depth of AW in Eurasian Basin is much shallower than that in Canadian Basin, the upward heat release of AW is an important heat source to supply sea ice melting. Turbulent mixing, winter convention and double-diffusion convention constitute the main physical mechanism for AW upward heat release, which results in the decrease of the Atlantic water core temperature during its spreading along the boundary current. St. Anna Trough, a relatively narrow and long trough in northern continental shelf of Kara Sea, plays a key role in remodeling temperature and salinity characteristics of AW, in which the AW from Fram Strait enters the trough and mixes with the AW from Barents Sea. Since the 21st Century, AW in the Arctic Ocean has experienced obvious warming and had the influence on the physical processes in downstream Canada Basin, which is attributed to the anomalous warming events of AW inflowing from the Fram Strait. It is inferred that the warming AW is dominated by a long-term warming trend superimposed on low frequency oscillation occurring in the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic Ocean. As the Arctic Ocean is experiencing sea ice decline and Arctic amplification, the role of AW heat release in response to the rapid change needs further investigation. 相似文献
17.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(6):2197-2205
This study investigates the suitability of statistical techniques for evaluating the fluoride content and the groundwater quality from Robles Department (RD) and Banda Department (BD) in Santiago del Estero (Argentina). For the original statistical study, evaluation of nine parameters (fluoride, pH, conductivity, atmospheric and water temperature, total dissolved solids, chloride, hardness, and alkalinity) of 110 collected underground water samples from 23 dispersed rural areas was proposed. Groundwater samples were obtained by sampling taken from wells at different depths. Fluoride levels were determined by a standard colorimetric method in two seasonal periods, the dry (from April to September) and rainy (from October to March) period. The analytical results obtained for physicochemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and temperature does not reveal any notable difference between the rainy and dry seasons studied. In both seasons, the atmospheric temperature average was 22 °C. With respect to fluoride content, approximately 50% of the analysed groundwater samples exceeded the limit established by current legislation (1.0 mg/L), obtaining concentration levels in the range of 0.01–2.80 mg/L. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the univariate statistical method (quartiles calculation, interquartile range IQR), multivariate principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis to establish a better understanding of the state of the contamination of the waters in the region studied. 相似文献
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Significant improvements in water quality have been observed for several decades throughout much of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary, primarily as a result of regional abatement of municipal and industrial discharges. These improvements include area-wide, order-of-magnitude reductions in ambient coliform concentrations and significant increases in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. In contrast to these improvements, DO in bottom waters of the western Long Island Sound (WLIS) appears to have decreased in the last two decades. Although there is no consensus as to why hypoxia in WLIS may have recently become more severe, several related hypotheses have been suggested, including an increase in eutrophication, increased density stratification, and changes in wastewater loads. To determine if eutrophication has increased in WLIS, trends in several indicators of eutrophication were examined from a long-term water quality data set. Since the mid-1980s surface DO supersaturation has increased, bottom minimum DO has decreased, and vertical DO stratification has increased in WLIS. Other areas of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary, such as Jamaica Bay and Raritan Bay, exhibit similar evidence of declining water quality and may be experiencing increasing eutrophication. Temporal changes in vertical density stratification indicate that surface to bottom temperature differences have increased to a greater extent and have had a more significant impact on bottom DO depletion in WLIS than in the shallower Jamaica Bay and Raritan Bay. Additional factors contributing to the observed decline in water quality include recent changes in wastewater loads and possible increases in upstream and nonpoint source loads. 相似文献