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1.
综合利用泥岩声波时差、实测地层压力和地震资料 ,分析了辽河盆地大民屯凹陷的地下流体压力场特征 .研究结果表明 :(1)本区泥岩压实类型可划分为正常压实 -常压型、单段欠压实 -弱超压型和双段欠压实 -强超压型三大类 ;(2 )油层压力梯度接近于 1,多属正常压力系统 ;(3)利用地震资料研究平、剖面压力场特征具有较高的可行性与可靠性 ;(4)现今剖面压力系统由浅部正常压力、中部弱超压和深部强超压 3个部分组成 ,断裂系统、不整合面和相互连通的孔隙系统及底辟构造组成了凹陷内流体纵、横向输导的复杂网络系统 ;(5 )规模较大断层两侧的剩余压力和压力系数具较明显的差异性 ,断层对压力的形成、演化与分布起着重要的控制作用 ;(6 )欠压实与烃类生成是本区超压形成的主导机制 相似文献
2.
对研究区千余口单井建立声波时差压实曲线,利用等效深度法计算泥岩超压值,结合DST和RFT实测资料以及地震资料,综合考虑研究区沉积及构造特点,最终揭示了松辽盆地齐家古龙凹陷—三肇凹陷中浅层地层存在4套压力体系,即嫩二段以上的常压体系,嫩江组一段、二段弱超压体系,姚家组常压、低压和弱超压并存体系以及青山口组超压体系。不同层位异常压力分布范围和规模不同,其中青一段最为广泛。产生异常压力的原因复杂:超压形成主要受泥岩欠压实和油气生成控制,嫩江组末期的构造抬升作用是研究区产生异常低压的主要原因,而超压流体流动导致的压力传导作用为压力的再分布提供了有力条件。 相似文献
3.
YE Jiaren HAO Fang CHEN JianyuFaculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei E-mail: jrye@cug.edu.cn Ren Xifei Zhu Xiling 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(3):402-412
The Damintun depression is one of the four depressions in the Liaohe basin in northern China, and is a rift basin developed in the Paleogene. This paper discusses in detail the characteristics of pressure and fluid potential of the Damintun depression based on a synthesis of the data from boreholes, well tests and seismic surveys. Data from sonic logs, well tests and seismic velocity measurements are used to study the pressure characteristics of the areas. From the sonic log data, shales can be characterized as normally pressured, slightly overpressured or highly overpressured; from the well test data, the pressure-depth gradient in oil-producing intervals implies hydrostatic pressure in general. Most seismic profiles in the Damintun depression are of sufficiently high quality for seismic velocities to be measured. The fluid pressures, excess pressures and pressure coefficients in 47 representative seismic profiles are predicted using formula calculation methods, and further transformed to fluid potenti 相似文献
4.
综合利用泥岩声波时差、实测地层压力和地震资料, 分析了辽河盆地大民屯凹陷的地下流体压力场特征.研究结果表明: (1) 本区泥岩压实类型可划分为正常压实-常压型、单段欠压实-弱超压型和双段欠压实-强超压型三大类; (2) 油层压力梯度接近于1, 多属正常压力系统; (3) 利用地震资料研究平、剖面压力场特征具有较高的可行性与可靠性; (4) 现今剖面压力系统由浅部正常压力、中部弱超压和深部强超压3个部分组成, 断裂系统、不整合面和相互连通的孔隙系统及底辟构造组成了凹陷内流体纵、横向输导的复杂网络系统; (5) 规模较大断层两侧的剩余压力和压力系数具较明显的差异性, 断层对压力的形成、演化与分布起着重要的控制作用; (6) 欠压实与烃类生成是本区超压形成的主导机制. 相似文献
5.
DF1-1底辟区构造应力场及渗流场演化的数值模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
DF1-1底辟区是莺歌海盆地内超压流体最活跃的地带之一.超压流体的活动直接受控于构造应力及其形成的不同类型的断裂和裂隙构成的输导系统.从底辟区大规模流体垂向活动以及幕式活动的特征来看, 流体流动的动力主要是由于垂向压差的存在以及渗流场变化引起的局部应力场(包括热应力场) 的作用所致.在详细研究底辟区的构造及流体活动关系的基础上, 对底辟区构造应力场及渗流场的演化进行了模拟.结果显示: 构造运动引起的应力场决定了DF1-1底辟区油气沿主要断裂系走向迁移的总趋势, 在底辟区流体从底辟的两侧向其中心运移, 由底辟体中向上运移为主; 高压流体产生的热应力控制局部应力场状况及油气运移方向, 驱动流体向底辟体顶部运移, 当热应力值过大时有可能改变应力场状况以及油气运移总趋势. 相似文献
6.
Lijie Wang Jitian Zhu Haiteng Zhuo Zhipeng Sun Aixue Song 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):1108-1130
ABSTRACT Understanding fluid flow structures in a rifted basin may enhance our knowledge of their origination and evolution. Through geochemical analysis and seismic interpretation, different fluid flow features are identified in the central depression of Qiongdongnan basin, northern South China Sea. These structures include mud diapir, gas chimney, hydrothermal pipes, faults, blowout pipes, and associated extrusions. Mud diapirs are primarily located on the slope belts, whereas gas chimneys are on the basement highs in the southwest of the study area. Their distribution appears closely controlled by tectonic stress field and overpressure, the later is caused by hydrocarbon generation and compaction disequilibrium. High sediment overloading, weak post-rift tectonic activity, and high average geothermal gradient may contribute to the compaction disequilibrium. The occurrence of gas chimneys on the basement high suggests that lateral transportation and relief of overpressure is a significant factor. Distribution of broad hydrothermal pipes is related with the thinning continental crust and pre-existing boundary faults in the central depression. They are probably attributed to intruded sills dissolution and were caused by hydrothermal fluids vertically. Geochemical data from gas reservoirs analysis indicates that mud diapirs and gas chimneys are critical pathways for thermogenic gases, whereas hydrothermal pipes and part of the faults may act as pathways of both thermogenic and inorganic gases. The blowout pipes mainly occur in the northwestern central depression near the continental slope, where fluid flows ascend gradually from a series of Pliocene-current prograding wedge-formed units with a hydraulic fracture in shallow. Hundreds of seafloor pockmarks and mounds associated with blowout pipes located above the NE-SW elongated Pliocene-Quaternary slope-break belts. These extrusive structures indicate that fluids ascend through blowout pipes and were expelled at the present seabed. Our results indicate that fluid flow structures are probably responsible for fluid activities and must be taken into account when assessing the hydrocarbon potential, geologic hazard, and benthic ecosystem. 相似文献
7.
渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷储层超压特征与成因机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对储层超压的分析, 有助于理解渤中坳陷油气晚期快速成藏机理.利用RFT实测储层压力资料分析了渤中坳陷储层超压的特征和成因.渤中坳陷存在3套储层超压系统: 浅层明化镇组-馆陶组储层超压系统、中层东营组-沙河街组-孔店组储层超压系统、基底(中生界及以下地层) 储层超压系统.渤中坳陷的储层超压可能主要是由3种机制综合引起的, 即不均衡压实作用、超压传递作用和裂解气的生成作用.少量保存的传递超压是深部超压流体注入的“化石”, 它是超压背景下油气快速充注成藏的结果. 相似文献
8.
异常地层压力是沉积盆地中的常见现象,其与成烃成藏关系密切。本文以欠压实带的有无、欠压实的幅度大小、持续的深度范围,将大民屯凹陷泥岩压实类型分为4种,即强烈欠压实型、欠压实型、局部欠压实型以及正常压实型。利用测井、地质和钻井资料,运用等效深度法分析了该区现今异常压力的展布特征并探讨了其成因机制。5条超压分布剖面揭示大民屯凹陷的超压体系在凹陷内分布较广泛,纵向上基本可分为上、中、下3套压力体系。①纵向上,上部即Es23段及其以上地层基本为正常压力系统;中部即Es33段为弱超压系统;下部即Es43和Es4地层为强超压系统。②横向上,超压在洼陷中心强烈发育,到斜坡和隆起带渐渐演变为正常压力。压实不均衡和生烃作用是大民屯凹陷超压发育的主要机制。 相似文献
9.
济阳坳陷古近系深部储层成岩演化模式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、镜质体反射率分析、X-衍射分析和油层物性分析等手段,结合区域油气地质研究成果,以揭示济阳坳陷古近系深部碎屑岩储层的成岩演化模式和物性演化规律为目的开展工作。结果表明,济阳坳陷古近系深部碎屑岩储层主要受其所处构造背景、地层压力和流体环境的影响,发育6种成岩演化模式。弱陡坡/缓坡构造背景条件下发育早期中强超压-中强压实/胶结/溶蚀-多重介质成岩演化模式和晚期中强超压-（较）强压实/胶结/溶蚀-酸性介质成岩演化模式,超压形成的早晚是影响储层压实作用强弱的主要因素,而流体环境的差异与构造背景的差异有关。深洼陷发育弱超压/常压-（中）强压实/胶结-强溶蚀-热液酸性介质成岩演化模式和中弱超压-较强压实/胶结-强溶蚀-热液酸性介质成岩演化模式,热液活动加强了成岩流体对酸溶性组分的溶解,是该类成岩演化模式的主要影响因素。处于陡坡常压条件下的深层碎屑岩发育（中）强压实/胶结-弱溶蚀-热液酸性介质和强胶结-中弱溶蚀-多重介质成岩演化模式,早期沉积水体、后期成岩水体以及两者混合造成的多重介质是其主要影响因素。综合分析认为,层位和埋深是深部储层遭受成岩改造程度强弱的首要控制因素;构造位置是影响成岩压力场和流体场的基本前提;在不同的流体场背景中,深部热液对储层演化会不同影响;酸碱交替的多重成岩环境增加了次生孔隙带发育个数和次生孔隙垂向分布,但原始孔隙度保存率比以酸性介质为主的成岩环境低5%以上。 相似文献
10.
歧深地区双超压系统发育特征及油气成藏效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在钻井实测储层压力(DST)、计算泥岩压力及地震资料解释的基础上,对歧深地区超压体系发育特征、分布规律和成藏效应进行了深入分析,认为歧深地区具有"三层压力结构,两个超压系统"特征。压力结构在纵向上可以划分为常压系统、上部弱超压系统和下部超压系统。超压从东营组开始出现,歧口凹陷中心超压最强,北大港东翼、歧口凹陷及板桥凹陷超压次之。双超压结构对歧深地区油气聚集有明显的控制作用,从而形成了"上油下气"分布格局,由此建立了"双压控藏"模式。 相似文献
11.
川西地区须家河组异常压力演化与天然气成藏模式 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
川西地区须家河组发育异常高的流体压力, 组内构成了互层式的生、储、盖组合, 探讨异常高压背景下的天然气运移成藏特点及其规律具有重要意义.根据大量实测压力数据, 得出了川西地区异常压力在纵向和平面上的分布规律.以现今实测压力、压实研究和包裹体测试获得的古压力为约束条件, 应用所建立的异常压力数学模型恢复异常压力的演化历史. 研究发现, 地层压力的纵向分布可概括为南部地区的“两段式”和北部地区的“三段式”, 北部的超压幅度最大, 平面上超压中心位于梓潼凹陷.早侏罗世—古近纪须家河组内发育沉积型超压, 新近纪—现今则新增构造型超压.以流体压力的分布及其演化为主线, 结合其他主要成藏要素, 建立了3种典型的天然气成藏模式. 相似文献
12.
Overpressure is a hot topic in the study of sedimentary basins. It is important in generation,maturation migration,and accumulation of hydrocarbon,but the effects of overpressure on rock frame have not been investigated. In this study,experiments were carried out to study the effects of overpressure on rock frame structures using five core samples from the Junggar basin,Northwest China. The deformations and velocities for the samples were measured at different effective pressures related to non-equilibrium compaction and fluid expansion overpressure mechanisms. The results show that the effect of overpressure on rock frames gradually increases when the effective pressure drops down to a certain value (called critical pressure). Moreover,non-equilibrium compaction mechanism has more effects on rock frames than fluid expansion mechanism under the same effective pressure. Furthermore to study rock frame structural changes,we use Kuster and Toks?z's expressions to simulate the effective aspect ratios of inclusions α (penny shapes) for different effective pressures. The results show that the α decreases dramatically when the effective pressure decreases from the critical pressure. Changes of α can be interpreted as responses to the rock frame changes when grains conform one another by rotating and self-adjusting. However,different mechanisms of overpressure have different effects on rock frames. The rock frame can be affected more easily by overpressure in shallow regions generated by non-equilibrium compaction mechanism. Once this kind of rock frames are preserved after overpressure releases to a normal hydrostatic pressure,they can be identified by their specific rock frame characters. This method provides a new way to study overpressure release and fluid migration and accumulation. 相似文献
13.
为了解莺歌海盆地深部热流体主要类型,研究热流体特征,判断热流体活动范围,分析热流体对储层成岩-孔隙演化的影响,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、黏土矿物X射线衍射、物性、电子探针、包裹体均一温度、稳定同位素等分析测试手段,结合前人研究成果,对盆内LDX区中新统黄流组储层进行分析。结果表明,受构造热事件影响及深大断裂控制,在超压驱动下,热流体活动范围主要为3 900 m以下的黄流组中下部,以CO2热流体为主,H2S热流体次之。热流体影响下储层具有自生黏土矿物转化速率加快、镜质体反射率突变、地层水矿化度降低、包裹体均一温度大于正常地层最高温度、热液成因矿物发育等特点。将黄流组储层分为超压储层(黄流组中上部)及热超压储层(黄流组中下部)两类。其中,超压储层成岩作用阶段达中成岩A2亚期,压实及溶蚀作用较弱,胶结作用较强,孔隙演化经历了压实减孔、压实与胶结减孔、胶结减孔与有机酸溶蚀增孔3个过程,孔隙度从38.8%减少到现今的7.6%;热超压储层成岩作用阶段达中成岩B期,压实及溶蚀作用较强,胶结作用较弱,孔隙演化经历了压实减孔、压实与胶结减孔、胶结减孔与有机酸溶蚀增孔、胶结减孔与有机酸及无机酸溶蚀增孔4个过程,孔隙度从38.1%减少到现今的9.2%。有利储层主要发育在黄流组中下部黄二段的热超压储层中。 相似文献
14.
Characteristics of Overpressure Systems and Their Significance in Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basins, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
XIE Xinong WANG Zhenfeng LI Sitian ZHANG Minqiang YANG Jihai Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei E-mail: xnxie@cug.edu.cn China National Offshore Oil Nanhai West Corporation Zhanjiang Guangdong 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(2):258-266
Overpressure systems are widely developed in the central depression and paleo-uplift in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins. They can be divided into three types according to the origin of abnormally high formation pressure in the reservoirs, i.e. the autochthonous, vertically-transmitted and laterally-transmitted types. The autochthonous overpressure system results from rapid disequilibrium sediment loading and compaction. In the allochthonous overpressure system, the increase of fluid pressure in sandstone originates from the invasion of overpressured fluid flowing vertically or laterally through the conduit units. The autochthonous overpressure system occurs in the deep-lying strata of Neogene age in the central depression of the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins. The vertically transmitted overpressure system is developed in the shallow strata of Late Miocene and Pliocene ages in the diapiric zone of the central Yinggehai basin, and the laterally transmitted overpressure system occurs in the Oligo 相似文献
15.
沾化凹陷的渤南洼陷为富油洼陷, 实测超压出现在沙三、四段, 埋深为2 300~4 200 m。综合大量的地压测试、测井和地质资料, 研究了现今超压分布和超压的测井及地震响应, 对单井、剖面超压发育特征和影响超压结构的地质要素进行了深入分析。超压带内泥岩声波时差偏离正常趋势线, 而泥岩密度没有明显偏低的响应。研究表明:渤南洼陷存在3个超压系统, 上超压系统为浅层沙一段发育的弱超压, 沙三段中下部的强超压构成中超压系统的主体, 下超压系统位于沙四段中;砂质质量分数大于20%的沙二段为常压。超压源层、低渗封隔层和断裂构造带3类地质要素控制着超压幅度和超压结构。泥质源岩产生的多相流体是形成超压系统的物质基础;沙一段压实泥岩、沙三中亚段的互层致密砂岩和泥岩、沙四上亚段的膏盐层作为压力系统封隔层, 对超压系统的形成和分布起到控制作用;断裂具有泄压和封堵双重性, 对地层压力和油气层横向分布具有重要影响。利用地震层速度计算得到了渤南洼陷现今大规模超压系统分布特征的整体认识。 相似文献
16.
钻井资料显示莺歌海盆地现今存在超压,纵向上由浅至深可划分为常压带、过渡带和超压带。利用测井声波时差和地震速度资料,按等效深度法计算了莺歌海盆地大量排气期(1.9 Ma)和现今超压值,并恢复了单井超压的演化。结果表明,地层超压平面上是以乐东区为中心向北向东递减的,临高隆起带和莺东斜坡带大部分为常压,单井上超压演化是逐渐增大的。这一结果与不同地区地质历史上沉降中心和沉积环境密切相关。莺歌海盆地超压的存在使天然气在剩余压力的作用下垂向运移。天然气藏均分布在乐东和东方地区黄流组顶底压差大、莺歌海组盖层超压封闭能力强的地区。靠近底辟区、且同时满足上述2个条件的储层更有利于天然气成藏。 相似文献
17.
储层超压流体系统的成因机制述评 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
储层超压流体系统的基本要素包括压力封闭层、超压流体、岩石骨架和输导通道；由于储层超压系统所处环境的差异，其超压强度可以大于、等于和小于环境的超压强度；超压传递、不均衡压实、裂解气的生成和浮力作用是储层超压形成的重要机制；大多数储层超压是油气聚集的结果；超压释放是超压流体系统内部油气成藏的必要条件，研究储层超压流体系统将更直接地揭示超压盆地中油气运移和聚集的过程。 相似文献
18.
断层带中超压流体及其在地震和成矿中的作用 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
地震断层带中的局部存在对其力学和化学过程有着重要影响的超压流体，对这种超压流本的证据。超压机制及其在地震活动和成矿中的作用等进行了探讨。流体超压是在断层带中渗透性的构造发生强烈时空变化的前提下产生的，其主要原因是构造加压及深源高压流体的注入，当流体压力升至一临界值时，断层发生灾难性破裂，即地震，增加断层的渗透性，超压流体快速向低压带（室或域）流动，同时因减压流体所携载水溶物各（包括成矿物质）大量沉淀析出，降低断层带的渗透性，地震泵吸和流体超压机制的交替作用使得这一过程得以周期性地进行。 相似文献
19.
中新统黄流-梅山组重力流、高温超压储层是南海北部莺-琼盆地中央坳陷带主力勘探层系,发育粉、细、中、粗砂岩与中、低、特低渗物性特征.通过研究高温超压储层特征,确定有利储层形成机制,为重点领域评价提供地质依据.结果表明,由东方到乐东区到乐东-陵水凹陷、由凹陷斜坡区到凹陷中心,由于地温梯度与异常超压形成时间、强度的变化,进入各成岩期深度加深,储层孔隙度纵向减小幅度不大,明显不同于斜坡区常压储层.沉积环境控制的储集岩粒度、泥质杂基与高温超压、热流体控制的成岩作用共同控制有利储层,以往凹陷方向发育早期超压保护的海底扇区为有利,凹陷斜坡区热流体作用形成大量次生孔隙,发育中渗“甜点”储层. 相似文献
20.
The Halten Terrace is a structural element of the Meso-Cenozoic mid-Norwegian margin. The pore fluid pressure distribution in the faulted Jurassic formations on the Halten Terrace is characterized by significant lateral variations. In general, the fluid overpressure increases stepwise across faults from east to west, from zero (hydrostatic fluid pressure) to about 30 MPa. Fault-bounded pressure cells can therefore best explain the fluid pressure distribution. The results of analyses of log-derived porosities indicate that the high overpressure in the westernmost pressure cell was built up recently. However, despite the high sedimentation rates during Plio-Pleistocene, the high overpressure cannot be explained by local mechanical compaction. Alternative explanations for the high overpressure proposed by other authors are based on pore fluid volume increase (e.g. hydrocarbon generation). We propose that the high overpressure is caused by fluid flow from the deep Rås Basin to the western part of the Halten Terrace, through fractures in the Mesozoic, deep seated Klakk Fault Complex. Opening of fractures in this fault zone by seismic and static mechanisms is possible in the present-day intraplate stress field, which is characterized by a NW–SE oriented maximum horizontal stress direction. During Miocene, the maximum horizontal stress was E–W oriented, which implies a stress rotation during Pliocene. The E–W orientation of the maximum horizontal stress has impeded the initiation and opening of fractures in the N–S striking Klakk Fault Complex during Miocene. Fluid flow from the Rås Basin through faults of the Klakk Fault Complex can therefore have occured since Pliocene. Thus, the rotation of the intraplate stress directions can explain why the build-up of overpressure on the western part of the Halten Terrace occured recently, as indicated by the results of porosity analyses. Understanding the overpressure evolution of the Halten Terrace is important for exploration in that area, as hydrocarbons have been found in the hydrostatic pressure cells, whereas they are absent in the high overpressure cells. 相似文献