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高压喷射注浆技术是近年发展起来的一种基础处理新技术,它是利用高压载能介质将软弱土体冲切破碎后注入固结浆液在原位混合凝固,达到强化地基的目的。该技术多用于深层软土地基加固,建造堤坝防渗帷幕及高强度的防渗挡土墙等。本文就这项新技术及其机具设备与安装、施工程序、应用前景作了概括介绍。 相似文献
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太子河左岸辽阳县乔坨子砂堤砂基防渗加固工程位于太子河右岸辽阳县境内,堤基粘性土为渗透性较弱,细砂层渗透性强,路堤两侧50 m处有坑和鱼塘,堤岸基础连接形成地下渗漏通道。本工程总防渗长度1 500m;垂直铺塑工程量12 000 m2;坡面铺设复合土工膜工程量10 500 m2;平台开挖土方量6 510 m3;坡面开挖土方量6 820 m3。为此对垂直铺塑和坡面防渗工程进行初步设计,共相关部门参考。 相似文献
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高频振锤薄壁板墙技术在砂层堤基的垂直防渗施工中得到了广泛应用。为探索一种适用于洞庭湖区砂砾石堤基的垂直防渗施工方法,对高频振锤薄壁板墙技术的施工工艺、流程等进行了一些改进,实现了施工全过程的计算机控制。将改进后的工法应用到周家湾堤段试验工程中,并采用围井检测、钻孔取芯、测压管监测等手段检验了超薄防渗墙的成墙效果。结果表明,改进后的高频振锤薄壁板墙技术具有成墙连续、完整,防渗效果好、工效高、造价低等特点,是一种适用于处理砂砾石堤基的垂直防渗技术,可用于处理洞庭湖区及其他具有类似地质特征的堤防防渗工程。 相似文献
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水工建筑物的防渗一直是水利水电工程需要解决的重要课题之一。垂直防渗是防渗处理的主要手段,如水库大坝的垂直防渗心墙,在延长渗径、降低渗压水头方面,比水平防渗有效得多。由于具有机械化施工、不占用土地、管理和维护容易的特点,因而垂直防渗技术发展很快,运用很广。劈裂灌浆是在总结国内外土坝灌浆经验的基础上,在灌浆理论、机理和 相似文献
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为了快速、有效探查堤坝隐患，本文提出了基于线性台阵的微动B超技术。大多数堤坝(土坝)兼顾公路功能，车辆运行产生的震动信号沿堤坝方向传播，基于此，沿着堤坝布设线性台阵，震动传播方向与接收方向一致，为堤坝隐患检测提供了丰富的震源。研究表明，在线性台阵的基础上利用多道采集技术，采集一次可获得多个勘探点数据，提高了野外数据采集效率，避免了震源差异性的影响，提高了横向分辨率以及勘探成果的准确性。将该技术应用于江西九江某堤坝汛前的安全检测，查明该区段存在3处低速隐患，推测为坝基软弱层隐患和堤身介质疏松隐患。实践证明：该技术有效弥补了以往微动勘探效率低、横向分辨率低的不足；并可进行每1 m间距或0.5 m间距的速度扫描，提高了横向分辨率，为堤坝安全治理提供高效、精确指导。 相似文献
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The orientation of high temperature dikes has been studied withrespect to the plastic flow foliation and lineation in peridotitesfrom several massifs. Layering and dikes are composed of varioustypes of pyroxenites and gabbros; dunites, thought to representresidua along high temperature dikes, have been also studied.The layering is composed of dunites, websterites and/or orthopyroxenites,usually with the same minerals as in the host peridotite. Thesame rock types can be observed in the dikes emplaced earlyduring plastic deformation although the sequence tends to evolvetoward more ariegitic or gabbroic facies. Dikes emplaced during plastic flow display two dominant preferredorientations, one is at a high angle to the stretching lineation,the other is parallel to the shear planes deduced from the flowregime analysis in the peridotite (a unique shear plane obliqueto the foliation in the case of rotational flow, two shear planesconjugate with respect to the foliation in the case of irrotationalflow). Fracturing in all these orientations is ascribed to themagma pressure created by partial melting. Comparatively lowmagma pressure and high applied deviatoric stress result inshear fractures; high magma pressure and moderate applied stressresult in tension fractures (at high angles to the lineation).Dikes emplaced before or early during plastic flow are stronglydeformed and tectonically rotated toward the foliation and lineationdirections. For a large deformation they become parallel tothe foliation orientation. The ubiquitous mafic and ultramaficlayering present in most mantle peridotites may originate inthis way. 相似文献
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Many dikes of the Tertiary Breiddalur dike swarm in Reydarfjördur have a great lateral extent but are vertically (upward and/or downward) discontinuous. Field relationships indicate that they are not the feeders of the lava pile they intrude. Their characteristics can be best interpreted as them constituting the fossil expression of lateral magma emplacement analogous to that occurring in the actively spreading Krafla volcanic center of the neovolcanic zone. Average dike thickness increases clearly with depth and the thickness versus depth relationship is different from that described for other Tertiary dike swarms in eastern Iceland. It is suggested that dikes represent the extent of finite spreading which at higher levels in the crust is expressed by fissures and other extensional structures. 相似文献
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基于膜下滴灌特有的"膜中"、"膜间"、"膜边"、"膜外"微区环境,利用2011—2013年田间对比试验方法获取的5 960个数据,运用柯布-道格拉斯模型,构建膜下滴灌环境土壤层次、灌水定额、土壤水分、气温、蒸发综合因素与土壤水盐关系及影响效应分析模型.结果表明,在气候干旱、蒸发强烈灌区,地膜覆盖与滴灌结合的地表介面灌溉形式下,土壤水盐具有水平方向由"膜中"向"膜边"地表裸露区定向迁移,垂直方向土壤水盐则由下向上层运移且趋于"膜外"边界积累的趋势,尤其是气温与蒸发因素交互作用,推进膜下滴灌土壤水盐在地膜覆盖与土壤裸露区域空间运移,研究结果进一步揭示了膜下滴灌"土壤水盐定向迁移"形成机理,为膜下滴灌土壤水盐地表排放模式应用提供了依据. 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西南缘新近系与地震沉积有关的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在区域构造背景研究和岩心观察的基础上,在柴达木盆地西南缘新近纪地层中识别出与地震沉积有关的软沉积物变形构造。软沉积物变形构造包括液化砂岩脉、泄水构造、重荷模、火焰构造、震积砂枕、砂球构造、枕状层、层内错断、地裂缝、串珠状构造、震褶层、混合层及地震角砾状构造等。液化砂岩脉有喉道状、脉络状、飘带状、尖突状及“V”字形五种,主要是由振动流体化作用、振动液化挤压作用和振动拉张裂缝充填作用形成的;重荷模、火焰构造、枕状构造、球状构造是受地震颤动在砂、泥岩界面上由于砂层下沉、泥层上穿形成的;地裂缝、层内错断、震褶层是地震颤动直接引起的断裂、错断和褶皱;枕状层是地震振动引起的砂层脱水、下沉、变形形成的;混合层构造的完整性取决于地震强度和地震持续时间;地震角砾状构造是由地震振动使原始沉积层断裂形成的自碎屑角砾、脆性角砾和塑性角砾组成。该成果从沉积学角度证明了新近纪是昆仑山造山带北侧断裂活动较强烈时期,也为柴达木盆地新生代构造演化研究提供了依据。地震作用极大地提高了储层的渗透率,改善了油气储层的储集物性。 相似文献
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Below the melt lens of fast spreading ridges, a low seismic velocity zone has been identified. From the study of ophiolite gabbros, in particular in Oman, this domain has been interpreted as a large magma chamber filled by a melt-poor mush where granular flow controlled by pressure solution-crystallization predominates over plastic flow. Melt migration through the mush is difficult to study in the field because the large magmatic flow taking place in this magma chamber has erased nearly all traces of migration paths. It is, however, still possible to identify sills and former dikes, now largely transposed into the layering. Physical traces for porous flow are rare, but petrological and geochemical evidence suggests that it also contributed to melt migration. Finally, in the lower gabbro horizons large magmatic folds and brecciated zones may bear evidence for magmatic intrusions. The combination of diking, porous flow and large-scale intrusions to carry melt through the magma chamber may be explained by the granular behaviour of the medium. It is suggested that the melt film present between grains and clots of grains reduces the large cohesive forces which characterize a solid, plastic, medium. Melt migration through the mush may thus depend on the size of cohesive clots, evolving through time and space, from porous flow to diking and melt intrusions for increasing larger clots. This process is illustrated by a physical experiment on pressurized air circulation through a granular medium. 相似文献
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Ale F. Ritter 《Environmental Geology》1979,3(1):29-38
Extensive channelization of a high-energy river in Montana was accomplished during 1957–1958. The technique applied was the
same throughout, even the fluvial characteristics are considerably different in the and downstream segments of the river.
In the braided reach, rubble dikes composed of river bedload that was against the channel banks prevent the river from high-stage
channels which traverse the lowest surface in the valley. The river has responded by altering its hydrologic characteristics
at any given discharge and by accelerating the lateral erosion where banks have been left unprotected. Downstream, where the
river is in a single-channel pattern, the dikes have been destroyed because the meandering thalweg, repeatedly shifting its
position and impinging against the base of the dikes, provides the force needed to erode the boulders comprising the dikes.
Some bank protection is provided by riprap composed of large sandstone blocks. This method works, however, only if long segments
of the channel are riprapped. The various responses of the river in reaches having different channel patterns indicates that
some knowledge of local fluvial mechanics must be obtained prior to the channelization. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):938-943
Study and comparison of long-lived faults of the central parts of the Aldan and Ukrainian shields have shown that these faults are similar in structure, geologic position, and history of development. The faults were initiated during the epoch of emplacement of the crystalline basement, underwent identical phases of development during the stage of plastic deformation, and later were affected by repeated regeneration of tectonic movements, associated with the successive formation of diaphthorites and alkaline metasomatites and the injection of dikes. —Authors. 相似文献
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松辽盆地东南隆起区白垩系营城组火山岩中辉绿玢岩脉地质特征及其储层意义 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
在松辽盆地东南隆起上河湾地区出露的白垩系营城组第三岩性段火山岩中有两种产状的辉绿玢岩脉侵入:其一,沿着NE30°~35°走向的追踪张节理侵入,岩脉边界呈锯齿状,岩脉宽度1~5 m,倾角75°~88°;其二,岩脉沿NE40°~45°走向的一组剪切节理侵入,岩脉边界光滑平直,围岩接触面上发育倾角平缓的线理或擦痕,运动方向总体呈现左行,脉体倾角75°~88°,岩脉宽度2~10 m。无论哪种产状的脉体都发育片理化现象,且从脉体的边缘向中心减弱。辉绿玢岩总体化学成分与基性玄武岩相当,后期变化表现为次生方解石（碳酸盐化）和雏晶黑云母（钾质流体）交代现象。辉绿玢岩脉的侵入记录了早白垩世营城组后期至少存在一次NE-SW（NE40°左右）的挤压构造应力场作用,同时伴有基性岩浆侵入活动,与区域上佳-伊断裂的活动有关;而且岩脉侵入后叠加了与岩脉走向近垂直的挤压片理化作用。本区辉绿玢岩的地质特征研究对松辽盆地营城组火山岩原生构造裂缝及其储层评价提供依据。 相似文献