共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
横跨银川盆地北西西向的深地震反射剖面,清晰揭示了银川盆地边界断裂以及整个地壳的结构构造特征,这对研究具活动大陆裂谷性质的银川盆地浅-深构造关系具有重大的意义。贺兰山东麓山前断裂、黄河断裂作为银川盆地的西、东边界断裂,前者为一条缓倾斜、延伸至上、下地壳边界的犁式断裂,而后者则为一条切穿地壳并延伸进入上地幔的深大断裂。根据深地震反射剖面揭示的地壳结构特征,银川盆地浅部结构并非前人认为的"堑中堑"结构,而是表现为由一系列东倾犁式正断层控制的新生代断陷。略微下凹的Moho面几何形态以及厚2~3.2 km的层状强反射带为下地壳最显著的反射特征。Moho面深度与强反射带厚度变化趋势与银川盆地沉积厚度变化趋势几乎一致。本文认为,强反射带的成因可能是由源自地幔的基性岩浆以岩席状的形式底侵进入地壳底部造成的,而这部分形成强反射带的物质可能补偿了因银川盆地断陷而造成的地壳减薄,最终导致银川盆地之下Moho面并未像之前所认为的那样隆起。 相似文献
2.
论太行山构造岩浆带的岩浆来源及其成因 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文以太行山构造岩浆带及其东西两侧断陷盆地的地质特征及深部探测资料为依据，探讨远离俯冲板内构造岩浆带中岩浆的成因、来源及侵位机制。提出了韧性流变－岩浆隆起模式。认为在区域构造应力场和地幔位势差、密度差的控制下?隆升的造山带剥蚀物向两侧断陷盆地搬运，而中下地壳则沿深部向山根缓倾的韧性拆离带迁移到造山带的深部，并在拆离剪切作用及流体的参与下形成深熔岩浆，这种深熔岩浆，在沿陡倾剪切带上侵过程中，不断与中 相似文献
3.
地壳的熔融受控于地壳的岩石成分、减压作用、外来水的加入和地壳内部的地温条件等众多因素,其中确定熔融所需热量的来源至关重要。本文简要回顾了板内环境下地壳熔融和酸性岩浆起源的相关研究,总结了引发地壳熔融热源的热源问题。目前一般认为地壳熔融是由底侵的高温幔源岩浆引发的,这种观点得到多学科资料的支持。不过底侵观点未能很好地解释大规模基性和酸性岩浆作用之间存在的显著不相关性和S型花岗岩的成因,相关数值模拟结果也高估了岩浆侵入所能引发的地壳熔融规模。本文提出岩石圈的不均一拉张和地表拉张裂谷内沉积物的快速加积可使地壳内部形成较高的地温梯度,进而造成以变沉积岩为主要成分的上地壳的大规模熔融和相关S型酸性岩浆作用的发生。 相似文献
4.
底侵玄武质下地壳的熔融:来自安徽沙溪adakite质富钠石英闪长玢岩的证据 总被引：105，自引：3，他引：105
沙溪石英闪长玢岩具有高Al2O3,Sr/Y,La/Yb，低Y，Yb,Sr正异常，Eu弱负异常－正异常，表现出与adakite岩类似的地球化学特征，与庐枞火山盆地双庙组粗面玄武岩的微量元素特征和Nd-Sr同位素组成类似，研究表明：（1）沙溪侵入岩不是由俯冲的洋壳熔融形成，而是由底侵的玄武质下地壳熔融形成，该玄武质下地壳的物质来源与双庙组玄武岩的来源相似，都为富集地幔；（2）燕山晚期，长江中下游地区可能存在玄武质岩浆的底侵作用，地壳发生垂向增生，沙溪地区地壳厚度曾大于40km，但白垩纪至现在，沙溪地区地壳明显减薄；（3）沙溪铜（金）矿床不是与大洋板片俯冲有关的斑岩铜（金）矿床，而可能是与底侵的玄武质下地壳熔融有关的斑岩铜（金）矿床。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地深水区岩石圈伸展模式及其对裂后期沉降的控制 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了揭示盆地深水区演化及裂后期大规模沉降的成因机制, 在琼东南盆地典型的、高品质地震剖面地质构造精细解释基础上, 结合岩石圈变形的挠曲悬臂梁模型和挠曲均衡模型, 应用正演和反演模拟技术, 定量恢复了该盆地所处地区的上地壳、地壳以及岩石圈的伸展程度.结果表明, 琼东南盆地自陆架边缘到深水坳陷区, 岩石圈上地壳的伸展系数较小, β值最大为1.23~1.32;整个地壳的伸展系数变化较大, 盆地边缘隆起区的β值在1.1~1.2之间, 向盆地中部β值逐渐增大到3.14;而对整个岩石圈而言, 其伸展系数β值由陆架到陆坡深水盆地也从1.2逐渐增大到4.2.根据对南海地区的构造及岩石圈和地壳的结构分析认为, 与McKenzie的岩石圈均一伸展以及由热控制的裂后期缓慢沉降过程不同的是, 上述与深度相关的岩石圈伸展减薄是由南海西北次海盆扩张过程中深部物质的离散上涌流动所导致的下地壳的快速而强烈的塑性流动所引起的, 并由此建立了琼东南盆地的形成演化模式, 来解释和探讨深水坳陷区及裂后期快速而大规模沉降的成因机制. 相似文献
6.
在利用１∶５０ ０００ 高精度重力资料研究下辽河盆地南部地区的基底构造时,针对该裂谷型断陷盆地基底呈断距较大的破碎断块状格局和盆地下存在上地幔及下地壳隆起的地质构造特点,在分析了布格重力异常成因的基础上, 应用地震测深获得的地壳速度结构和１∶１ ０００ ０００ 的重力资料,成功地划分出深部地质因素产生的背景异常,并合理地进行了异常分离,从而获得了盆地基底和主要密度界面引起的区域异常。然后采用先二维再三维的重力模拟解释思路,确定了盆地基底的深度。 相似文献
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岩浆底侵的热-流变学效应及对峨眉山大火成岩省的启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
岩浆底侵在大陆地壳的形成和演化过程中起着非常重要的作用。本文基于二维热传导方程模拟不同规模的地壳底侵产生的热-流变学效应,以及幔源岩浆温度和含水量对底侵厚度的影响;并以现有的岩石地球化学分析、深部地球物理探测结果为约束,模拟了峨眉山大火成岩省内带幔源岩浆底侵对应的地表热流随时间演化,探讨了形成幔源岩浆底侵的潜温和初始熔融的深度制约。结果显示:1)幔源岩浆底侵引起的热扰动的耗散时间取决于岩浆底侵的初始厚度。以幔源岩浆侵入温度为1300℃,20km厚的地壳底侵为例,热扰动完全耗散需经历约150Myr;而5km厚的地壳底侵,只需经历50Myr热扰动已基本耗散殆尽。2)在初始阶段,岩浆底侵会造成岩石圈强度的显著降低;随着热耗散的进行,岩石圈强度会逐渐恢复;在热扰动耗散殆尽之后,岩石圈强度反倒比底侵前的岩石圈强度更大。这表明岩浆底侵不但可以导致地壳增厚,还会最终导致岩石圈的强化。3)温度对地壳底侵厚度的影响比含水量的影响要大得多。将我们的模型应用于峨眉山大火成岩省,结果表明内带地壳底侵的热耗散需持续上百个百万年,岩浆潜温超过1500℃,初始熔融深度超过200km。 相似文献
8.
长江中下游花岗岩类地质地球化学对比研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对长江中下游安徽境内几个分区的花岗岩类进行了地质地球化学研究和对比。结果表明,江南隆起区花岗岩类的岩浆来源于中地壳下部和下地壳上部,沿江（铜陵、安庆）隆起－凹陷过渡区和庐枞火山盆地凹陷区中性岩类的岩浆来源于下地壳中、下部,部分具壳－幔混合特征。本区岩浆活动时代均为中生代,岩体的形成与印支期陆－陆碰撞无直接联系,是印支期褶皱之后沿断裂侵位的产物。 相似文献
9.
以往鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油气勘探主要强调在烃源岩范围之内寻找主砂带,很少注意构造对油藏的控制作用,但近年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地内部却发现了不少受低幅度隆起构造控制的油气藏。利用最新地震勘探与钻井资料,在大量野外露头调查、钻井岩心观察及地震剖面解释的基础上,对鄂尔多斯盆地中生界低幅度构造空间分布、形成机制及其与油气成藏的关系进行了深入分析。研究结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷东、西斜坡均存在大量有规律分布的低幅度隆起构造,其中延长组内沿近东西向、成排展布的大型低幅度鼻状隆起构造主要受基底古突起控制,而延长组与延安组内的局部隆起构造主要受断层相关褶皱、差异压实及复合成因等多重作用控制;(2)低幅度构造对天环坳陷东、西斜坡中生界油气成藏均有影响,其中大型低幅度鼻状隆起构造为油气大面积聚集提供了构造背景,因而其附近的局部隆起构造及非构造圈闭均是油气聚集成藏的有利部位。 相似文献
10.
造山带地壳结构和成分的基本特征对于认识大陆地壳成分演化和区域成矿背景具有重要意义.综合青藏高原拉萨地体东南部地球物理、高温高压岩石物性和岩浆岩地球化学资料,分析该地区地壳整体成分特征,并探讨其可能成因.该地区平均地壳波速显著低于全球大陆和造山带地壳的平均值,表明地壳整体具有中酸性成分,下地壳特征也可由中性岩石(残余体性质的中性含石榴石麻粒岩)解释.拉萨地体东南部整体地壳成分特征应与多阶段长英质化有关,包括碰撞前大陆弧演化阶段(以堆晶或残余体下地壳拆沉为主)和碰撞后高原垮塌阶段(以加厚下地壳拆沉为主,伴随印度古老长英质陆壳物质的俯冲回返/构造底侵).拉萨地体是研究大陆地壳成分演化的绝佳区域,亟待进一步开展多学科综合研究. 相似文献
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12.
In contrast to previously published models for the area, the seismic reflection Moho is essentially flat beneath the NE German Basin along the DEKORP deep seismic profile Basin'96. This raises the question, whether the present structure of the crust and flat Moho reflect the initial formation of the basin or modification by more recent processes. A 2D flexural model, developed for a thin elastic plate, is presented together with lithospheric strength profiles calculated along the BASIN 9601 reflection seismic line. The analysis shows a southward decrease of lithospheric strength below the Basin, with a lithospheric decoupling between the crust and the mantle. The modelling supports the hypothesis that the present Moho topography is caused by flexural buckling which caused subsidence of the NE German Basin during the Upper Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic inversion event. This suggests that the basin is in isostatic disequilibrium, and that compressive stresses are required to keep the present basin geometry. 相似文献
13.
The seismic profile of the crust of the northern part of the Basin and Range province by its thinness and layering is intermediate between typical continental and oceanic crust and resembles that of marginal ocean basins, especially those with thick sedimentary fill. The geologic history of the Great Basin indicates that it was the site of a succession of marginal ocean basins opening and closing behind volcanic arcs during much of Paleozoic time. A long process of sedimentation and deformation followed throughout the Mesozoic modifying, but possibly not completely transforming the originally oceanic crust to continental crust. In the Cenozoic, after at least 40 m.y. of quiescence and stable conditions, substantial crustal and upper-mantle changes are recorded by elevation of the entire region in isostatic equilibrium, crustal extension resulting in Basin and Range faulting, extensive volcanism, high heat flow and a low-velocity mantle. These phenomena, apparently the result of plate tectonics, are superimposed on the inherited subcontinental crust that developed from an oceanic origin in Paleozoic time and possibly retained some of its thin and layered characteristics. The present anomalous crust in the Great Basin represents an accretion of oceanic geosynclinal material to a Precambrian continental nucleus apparently as an intermediate step in the process of conversion of oceanic crust into a stable continental landmass or craton. 相似文献
14.
鄂尔多斯盆地热流场特征 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
鄂尔多斯盆地系统Ｕ、Ｋ、Ｔｈ含量和地壳结构分层的综合研究表明，盆地莫霍面的热流平均值为０．３７ＨＦＵ，比华北地洼型活化盆地（０．６４～０．９７ＨＦＵ）要低得多，尚有稳定构造区的热流特点。盆地地表平均热流值为１．４４６ＨＦＵ，与全球大陆中生代地洼型造山区（１．４５ＨＦＵ）很接近，说明鄂尔多斯残留地台型盆地，从大地构造性质角度上看，正趋于向活化的方向发展。从地表到莫霍面，各界面现今热流的分布形式一致，热流的变化梯度和趋势也一致，表明研究区热流场的表现形式，受上地幔热场格局的控制。盆地各界面现今热流北西低、南东高，在吴旗－靖边及其往两端延伸一线，存在一个明显的ＮＥＥ向梯度带，是油气在热动力驱使下而分散或富集的重要场所。 相似文献
15.
海拉尔盆地地温分布及控制因素研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
根据大量钻孔测温资料和实测热导率资料分析了海拉尔盆地地温分布状况,现今地温梯度变化在2.50℃/100m至4.0℃/100m之间,平均为3.0℃/100m,现今大地热值为42.15~63.86 mWm-2,平均约为55.00mWm-2,明显较松辽盆地低,表明海拉尔盆地是一个中温盆地。海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组底面和南屯组底面地温分布具有南高北低的特点。现今地温对油气生成有重要的控制作用,南部凹陷南屯组热演化程度高,普遍处于成熟生油阶段,南屯组是海拉尔盆地的主力生油层位,南部凹陷是海拉尔盆地主要找油区。海拉尔盆地与松辽盆地壳幔结构存在显著的差异。海拉尔盆地现今地温场主要受地壳厚度、基底结构、基底埋深及盆地构造等因素的控制。 相似文献
16.
羌塘盆地中央隆起性质与成因 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
尹福光 《大地构造与成矿学》2003,27(2):143-146
羌塘盆地夹持于可可西里-金沙江缝合带和班公-怒江缝合带之间,未出露中生界地层的中央隆起将盆地分为南北两部分。在金沙江关闭时,俯冲板块向南俯冲。而在羌塘的中部一带由于软流圈的垫托作用,使地幔热隆,导致大规模重熔。地幔和重熔物向上加入中地壳,使中地壳增厚,同时使中上地壳受热弱化,导致快速变形(拆离)和构造剥蚀,产生均衡隆升,形成变质核杂岩。重熔物质的上升进一步加强浮力反弹,加之侵位的侧向应力,形成拉伸应力场。在失稳的重力作用下,促使伸展构造和拆离断层的形成。上下部变形范围形成拉张沉积区-新盆成生。中央隆起的变质核杂岩体为片麻岩,上覆层为以断层分割的未变质、弱变质的盖层岩石。 相似文献
17.
A. P. Gartrell 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):231-244
The extensional architecture of the Northern Carnarvon Basin can be explained in terms of changes in lithospheric rheology during multiphase extension and lower crustal flow. Low‐angle detachments, while playing a minor role, are not considered to have been the primary mechanism for extension as suggested in previous models. Early extension (Cambrian‐Ordovician) in the Northern Carnarvon Basin is characterised by low‐angle detachment structures of limited regional extent. These structures have a spatial association with a Proterozoic mobile belt on the margin of the Pilbara Craton. Thermo‐mechanical conditions in the mobile belt may have predisposed the highly deformed crust to thin‐skinned extension and detachment development. Permo‐Carboniferous extension generated an extensive wide rift basin, suggesting ductile rheologies associated with intermediate lithospheric temperatures and crustal thickness. Thick Upper Permian to Upper Triassic post‐rift sequences and marked thinning of the lower crust occurred in association with only a small amount of extension in the upper crust. This observation can be reconciled by considering outward lower crustal flow, from beneath the basin towards the basin margin, following extension. Strong mid‐crustal reflectors, which occur over large areas of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, probably represent a boundary between flow and non‐flow regimes rather than detachment fault surfaces as in previous models. Crustal thinning and thermal decay following Permo‐Carboniferous extension contributed to the increased strength and brittle behaviour of the lithosphere. Consequently, Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous extension resulted in the development of far more localised narrow rift systems on the margins of the preceding wide rift basin. Diapiric intrusions are associated with the narrow rift basin development, resulting from either remobilisation of ductile lower crustal rock or the initial formation of sea‐floor spreading centres. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(3):641-652
Data from sixteen deep walls drilled for oil exploration purposes in the Anambra Basin of southeastern Nigeria indicate large variations in temperature gradients and heat flow within the basin. Geothermal gradients vary between 25 and 49 ± 1°C km−1, while heat flow estimates are in the range 48 to 76 ± 3 mW m−2. The highest geothermal gradients and heat flow values were computed for the wells located in the southwestern part of the basin north of Onitsha and Asaba. This part of the basin coincides with zones of thick, low conductivity sediments, low ground surface elevation, and hydraulic discharge zones. The general direction of increase in geothermal gradient, originally projected as south to north by earlier workers dealing with the Niger Delta data and the very limited well data from the Anambra Basin, is inconsistent with the results of the present study.The distribution of subsurface temperatures, geothermal gradients and heat flow is found to be directly related to the basin hydrodynamics - higher geothermal gradients and heat flow in areas of low hydraulic head distribution. Hydrocarbon metamorphism and migration appear to have been greatly influenced by the movements of circulating meteoric waters. A higher level of organic maturity of sediments should be expected in the southwestern zone, where the thermal anomaly exists. However, owing to hydrodynamic activities, tertiary migration would have taken place leaving many traces of residual hydrocarbons. The several cases of fluorescence noticed in wells in the southwestern zone of the Anambra Basin are taken as evidence that this process may indeed have taken place in the geological past of the basin. 相似文献
19.
Shinji Yoneshima Kimihiro Mochizuki Eiichiro Araki Ryota Hino Masanao Shinohara Kiyoshi Suyehiro 《Tectonophysics》2005,397(3-4):225-239
The Woodlark Basin, located south of the Solomon Islands arc region, is a young (5 Ma) oceanic basin that subducts beneath the New Britain Trench. This region is one of only a few subduction zones in the world where it is possible to study a young plate subduction of several Ma. To obtain the image of the subducting slab at the western side of the Woodlark Basin, a 40-day Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) survey was conducted in 1998 to detect the micro-seismic activity. It was the first time such a survey had been performed in this location and over 600 hypocenters were located. The seismic activity is concentrated at the 10–60 km depth range along the plate boundary. The upper limit just about coincides with the leading edge of the accretionary wedge. The upper limit boundary was identified as the up-dip limit of the seismogenic zone, whereas the down-dip limit of the seismogenic zone was difficult to define. The dip angle of the plate at the high seismicity zone was found to average about 30°. Using the Cascadia subduction zone for comparison, which is a typical example of a young plate subduction, suggests that the subduction of the Woodlark Basin was differentiated by a high dip angle and rather landward location of the seismic front from the trench axis (30 km landward from the trench axis). Furthermore, as pointed out by previous researchers, the convergent margin of the Solomon Islands region is imposed with a high stress state, probably due to the collision of the Ontong Java Plateau and a rather rapid convergence rate (10 cm/year). The results of the high angle plate subduction and inner crust earthquakes beneath the Shortland Basin strongly support the high stress state. The collision of the Ontong Java Plateau, the relatively rapid convergence rate, and moderately cold slab as evidenced by low heat flow, rather than the plate age, may be dominantly responsible for the geometry of the seismogenic zone in the western part of the Woodlark Basin subduction zone. 相似文献