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云南思茅地区有大量难选铜锌多金属硫化矿资源,由于其矿石结构、成分及构造复杂,采用传统的镜下鉴定工艺矿物学分析对铜、锌等有价金属的赋存状态等难以自动准确定量。本文采用化学分析、偏光显微分析及矿物解离度分析(MLA)等多种现代分析测试方法,研究该地区矿石的主要元素组成、矿物种类、嵌布和包裹特性等。分析表明,铜锌硫化矿的主要元素及含量为Cu 3.03%、Zn 3.90%、S 27.44%、Pb 0.13%。金属矿物主要是黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿,含少量方铅矿;目的矿物黄铜矿、闪锌矿主要与黄铁矿连生和被其包裹;其次黄铜矿和闪锌矿相互连生和被其包裹,且96%以上的黄铜矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿均分布在粒度大于9.6μm的易选粒级范围。方铅矿多呈细粒嵌布状,与铜、锌、硫矿物之间的磨矿解离有一定困难。根据工艺矿物学研究结果,本文提出,思茅地区的铜锌硫化矿矿石需磨至约31μm方能实现铜-锌-硫矿物的解离,需磨至约14μm方能实现铅与其他矿物的解离,同时预测了铜锌硫化矿中铜和锌的理论选矿回收率分别为91.22%和84.92%。本文研究成果对该地区难选多金属硫化矿的选矿技术制定和指标选择具有实际的指导意义。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石》2015,(4)
云南西部地区有大量铜多金属硫化矿资源,主要金属矿物之间连生、包裹及嵌布状态复杂,传统的工艺矿物学研究方法难以对矿物的特性参数实现快速自动定量。为此采用现代工艺矿物学研究系统MLA,对滇西铜多金属硫化矿的化学组成、物相组成,矿物组成、元素分布、嵌布粒度、连生及包裹关系等进行分析,结果表明:滇西铜多金属硫化矿含Cu 1.29%,Zn 2.10%,Pb 0.43%,S 24.93%,有价矿物主要为黄铜矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿,铜矿物和锌矿物主要与黄铁矿相互连生和包裹,有价矿物中有88%以上分布在大于10μm的易选粒级范围,磨矿粒度达到-15.77μm时,铜矿物和锌矿物能实现单体解离,计算得到铜多金属硫化矿中铜、锌、硫的选矿理论回收率分别为88.49%,92.10%和89.20%。研究结果对该矿的选矿工艺流程制定和选别指标的提高提供了依据和指导,有助于该地区矿产资源的综合开发利用。 相似文献
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针对广西盘龙铅锌矿选矿厂铅浮选指标较差的现状,以现场产出的铅中矿1为研究对象,采用化学多元素分析、物相分析、光学显微镜鉴定、解离度统计等技术手段,对盘龙铅锌矿浮选铅中矿的化学组成、物相组成、目的矿物的嵌布粒度及嵌布特征进行了详尽的工艺矿物学特征研究。研究结果表明,铅中矿1含Pb 2. 03%,主要赋存于方铅矿中;方铅矿整体嵌布粒径细小,经筛分分级后,不同粒径的分级产品中方铅矿的嵌布特征差异性极大,+74μm及-74～+39μm部分含铅矿物颗粒基本为铅-锌-硫复杂连生的集合体,这两个粒级金属总占有率达56%以上,是影响盘龙铅锌矿铅浮选指标的关键所在。根据以上研究结果,推荐采用对铅中矿1进行分级磨矿工艺流程改造,提高铅中矿1中方铅矿的单体解离度,实现铅精矿中铅金属回收率的进一步提升。 相似文献
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细粒嵌布型铜锌硫化矿采用粗磨后混合浮选工艺,具有回收率高和成本低的优势,但对所产出的混合精矿,亟需解决铜、锌、硫之间的高效彻底分离。云南玉溪地区铜锌硫混合粗精矿,其细度为-74μm 75%,含Cu 2.45%、Zn 4.93%、S 31.21%,笔者采用粗精矿再磨-铜、锌、硫选择性浮选分离工艺,研究了再磨细度、药剂种类、用量等因素对各矿物分离效果的影响。当粗精矿再磨细度为-38μm90%时,闭路试验获得品位和回收率均较高的铜、锌和硫精矿产品,铜精矿含Cu 21.00%,Cu回收率84.27%,锌精矿含Zn 48.37%,Zn回收率85.94%,硫精矿含S37.90%,S回收率82.85%,混合精矿中的铜矿物、锌矿物、硫矿物均实现了较彻底的分离。本研究为铜多金属混合精矿的有效分离提供了一种可资借鉴的方法。 相似文献
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秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。 相似文献
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随着当前矿产资源日趋贫、细、杂,合理利用低品位和复杂多金属矿石是目前选矿工作的重要问题（吴荣庆, 2008）,只有通过对矿物原料或产物中元素或矿物的状态和性质的系统研究,阐明其行为规律,指导和配合矿物加工研究和生产,才能有针对性地选择选矿方法和工艺流程（贾木欣, 2007）,实现对矿物资源的综合利用（吕宪俊,2001）。而矿物工艺粒度、解离度对选矿发挥着不可缺少的重要作用。矿物解离是选矿的必要条件之一,矿物工艺粒度、磨矿粒度等因素对矿物解离度都有影响,这些因素致使解离度和工艺粒度之间关系复杂化（洪秉信,傅文章., 2012）。本文通过对重庆城口高燕锰矿床矿物解离度与工艺粒度的研究,从而探讨解离度与工艺粒度对选矿加工的影响。 相似文献
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芦子园铅锌矿是近年来新发现的大型铅锌多金属矿床。已发现20多种矿物,金属矿物以闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿为主,脉石矿物以蔷薇辉石、方解石、石英等为主,脉石矿物总量高达89.04%。通过原矿X射线荧光光谱半定量分析、物相分析及扫描电镜分析等,综合分析原矿性质、矿物组成、有益元素赋存状态与主要矿物嵌布特征。结果显示,矿石中有益元素铜赋存在黄铜矿和黝铜矿及斑铜矿中,铅主要赋存在方铅矿中,锌主要赋存在闪锌矿中。矿石中大部分金属硫化物呈它形不规则状集合体,黄铜矿与方铅矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物密切共生。闪锌矿与方铅矿、黄铜矿与闪锌矿等的嵌布关系非常复杂,边界极不规则,且常常相互包裹,矿物工艺粒度较细,单体解离困难。闪锌矿中可见固溶体分离结构的细小粒状黄铜矿嵌布,这种形式嵌布的黄铜矿一般无法解离。 相似文献
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随着矿产资源开发利用程度的逐年加剧,目前大部分有色金属选厂处理的都是品位低、嵌布粒度细的复杂多金属矿,为提高有价金属的选矿回收率、降低磨矿成本,大部分选厂都采用"阶段磨矿、阶段选别"工艺,其中以浮选粗精矿的再磨最为常见.硫化矿浮选粗精矿的再磨可显著提高磨矿效率及目的 矿物解离度,但生产实践中大部分选厂仅关注目的 矿物的解离度,而忽视了硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨过程中磨矿介质、磨矿方式、矿浆电化学环境等多种因素对矿物表面性质及浮选行为的影响.文章系统总结了硫化矿浮选粗精矿矿物组成特点及矿浆化学性质的基础上,综述了硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨过程中磨机类型及磨矿方式、磨矿介质材质及形状、矿浆电化学环境、药剂浓度等多种因素对再磨后矿物表面性质及浮选行为的影响规律,指出通过精矿再磨工艺参数及矿浆电化学环境的合理优化调整,增强矿物表面间的亲水/疏水性差异,提高精选分离效果应是未来硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨研究关注的重要方向. 相似文献
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我国是世界上最大的铜精矿进口国,研究不同产地铜精矿的矿物学特征,能支撑铜精矿原产地分析及相关固体废物属性鉴定。本文研究对象为来自8个国家12个矿区的进口铜精矿样品,采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)以及偏光显微镜进行综合分析,探寻这些矿区铜精矿的元素组成、矿物组合特征,探讨不同成因类型铜精矿的矿物学差异。X射线荧光光谱分析表明铜精矿样品主要元素为Cu、Fe、S、O,普遍含有Zn、Si、Al、Mg、Ca、Pb;X射线粉晶衍射物相分析表明铜精矿样品主要物相为黄铜矿,其次常含有黄铁矿和闪锌矿等物相;偏光显微镜光片鉴定表明铜精矿样品金属矿物中黄铜矿的含量在88%~98%之间,观察到黄铜矿与闪锌矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿共生,闪锌矿与斑铜矿、砷黝铜矿共生,黄铜矿、砷黝铜矿和斑铜矿共生等连生体矿相。结合铜精矿不同成矿类型分析表明,斑岩型、矽卡岩型、火山成因块状硫化型铜矿床样品中常见黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿,并分别含有黑云母、草酸钙石、硫酸铅特征矿物;铁氧化物铜金矿床样品主要矿物为黄铜矿,常见磁黄铁矿、滑石特征矿物。通过本文采用多种技术表征不同产地铜精矿样品元素含量、物相组成、矿相组成的差异,能够全面分析不同产地铜精矿样品的矿物学特征,对进口铜精矿的风险识别和管控具有重要意义。 相似文献
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铜精矿、镍精矿和锌精矿是金属硫化矿物,且为大宗进口商品,准确分析其中的稀散元素有利于矿物的综合利用。这类矿物中的稀散元素含量极低,各元素性质各异,尤其Ge和Se在湿法消解中由于挥发损失而无法准确定值,很难进行多种元素的同时测定,传统的方法需要通过预先分离富集,采用不同的仪器进行测定。本文以铜精矿、锌精矿和镍精矿为代表性硫化矿,采用微波消解对样品进行密闭前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀散元素含量,实现了多种元素的同时测定。条件实验表明在同时检测镓、锗、硒、镉、铟、碲、镧、铊的过程中,总固溶量、内标、质谱干扰消除的条件对三种金属硫化矿均一致,只是前处理过程中用酸的选择有些差异。硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系适合于测定镍精矿和锌精矿中的Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、Te、La、Tl和铜精矿中的Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、La、Tl,各元素的回收率在85.5%～116.6%之间;王水溶样法更适合测定铜精矿中的Te。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(4):125773
As the most abundant copper containing resource and zinc containing resource, chalcopyrite and sphalerite/marmatite commonly coexist as Cu-Zn mixed ores in deposits. However, it is difficult to completely separate sphalerite and chalcopyrite by flotation, thus resulting in the existence of zinc impurity in copper concentrate. Sphalerite/marmatite existed in copper sulfide concentrate as impurity may lead to severe damage of the smelting equipment, and cause the waste of copper and Zn resources, it will also decrease of the sale price of copper concentrates. Therefore, the deep separation of zinc from zinc bearing copper sulfide concentrate is of great significance. In this work, selective chemical leaching was developed to efficiently remove zinc from zinc containing copper sulfide concentrate. Under the optimal condition (i.e., sulfuric acid concentration exceed 100 g/L, temperature of 80 °C, pulp density of 10%, leaching time of 48 h), over 85% Zn was extracted into the leaching solution together with only about 10% Cu and Fe, according to the leaching experiment. Leaching slurry had good solid-liquid separation characteristics, and zinc can be further effectively recovered from the leaching solution. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analysis, chalcopyrite was the main mineralogical phase in the residues, which can be regarded as high quality copper concentrate for metallurgy. Accordingly, a new process for deep and efficient separation of Cu-Zn mixed ores has been proposed. 相似文献
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铜精矿成分分析是判定其品质的重要手段,尤其是主元素铜的分析。目前,测定铜精矿中铜含量的主要分析方法有碘量法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）、火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）、X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）、电解重量法等。为确保检测标准量值统一、准确、可靠,本文组织开展了铜精矿中铜镁铅锌的测定实验室间比对活动。通过对参加实验室的检测结果进行统计分析,评价参加实验室对铜精矿中铜镁铅锌测定的技术水平和能力。结果表明：大部分实验室的检测结果为满意,铜精矿中铜的满意率为92.9%,满意率较高;铜镁铅锌的满意率平均值为89.0%。少数实验室出现离群值主要在于样品前处理、检测人员对检测方法未能充分理解并熟练掌握、仪器状态等其他相关因素。碱浸法因样品分解不完全,不能作为铜精矿前处理方法;碱熔法因工序繁琐,易产生基体干扰,不适合作为铜精矿前处理方法。本文建议优先采用酸溶-滴定法测定铜精矿中的铜,而采用酸溶ICP-OES法测定铜精矿中的铜镁铅锌,该方法高效快捷,但其稳定性需要进一步的实验考察。 相似文献
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Jan Drzymala Janusz Kapusniak Piotr Tomasik 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2003,70(1-4):147-155
Potato starch and dextrins resulting from thermolysis of potato starch in the absence of reagents and presence of
-amino acids are promising depressants for separation of lead and copper minerals present in the Polish industrial copper concentrates. The polysaccharides were used for differential xanthate flotation of the final industrial concentrates produced by flotation with sulfhydryl collectors in the absence of depressants. The polysaccharides depressed galena and provided froth concentrate rich in chalcocite and other copper minerals as well as cell product containing lead minerals. The best results of separation were obtained in the presence of plain dextrin prepared by a thermal degradation of potato starch. The industrial concentrate containing 18.5% Cu and 5.5% Pb was divided into a froth product containing 38.1% Cu with 77% recovery of copper and a cell product assaying 7.3% Pb with 83% recovery of lead. It was accomplished using 2500 g/t of dextrin, 50g/t of potassium ethyl xanthate, and 50 g/t of frother (α-terpineol). The pH of flotation was 8.0–8.2. 相似文献
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云南斑岩型多金属金矿的嵌布特征及赋存状态研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
云南西部有大量低品位金矿资源,且具有嵌布粒度不均匀、矿石结构复杂、解离不完全等特点,传统工艺矿物学分析不易快速、准确测定金赋存状态及载金矿物的嵌布特征。本文利用矿物自动分析系统(MLA)、化学分析等方法对滇西多金属金矿进行系统的工艺矿物学研究,查明了该矿的矿物组成、嵌布粒度、连生及包裹关系,同时阐明了载金矿物的工艺矿物学性质对金回收率的影响。结果表明:金主要以游离态自然金的形式存在,嵌布粒度极细,主要集中在0.01~0.02 mm粒度级别;小于0.074 mm粒级的金占原矿总金量的50.08%,其余金以微细包裹体分散于黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿等载金矿物中。但载金矿物粒度较细,解离性差,嵌布不均匀,因此提高载金矿物解离度是提高金回收率的一个重要参考方向。 相似文献
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鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿原矿全铁品位47.56%,含P 0.93%,主要脉石矿物为绿泥石、磷灰石、石英、方解石、铁白云石,属难选铁矿石。通过磁化焙烧-磨矿-磁选优化工艺,最佳磁化焙烧条件为:焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间90min、还原剂用量12%,焙烧矿磨矿细度-0.074mm占85.15%,经弱磁选可得到全铁品位为58.13%、磷含量0.70%,铁回收率为90.41%的粗精矿。对磁化焙烧-磁选过程的各产物组成分析表明,焙烧矿和粗精矿中主要矿物为磁铁矿,占比分别为65%和85%;主要脉石矿物为绿泥石、磷灰石、石英、铁白云石等。粗精矿矿物的嵌布粒度较细,-0.074mm粒级占85.15%,但部分矿物仍以相互浸染、包裹、鲕状碎屑、连晶等形式存在,矿物仍未完全单体解离,从而导致粗精矿中杂质磷、铝等含量较高。粗精矿细磨后粒度-0.022mm含量为80%时,磁铁矿的解离度为84.63%,可实现磁铁矿充分单体解离,经过深选可提高铁精矿质量。 相似文献
19.
Development and Utilization of the World’s and China’s Bulk Mineral Resources and their Supply and Demand Situation in the Next Twenty Years 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bulk mineral resources of iron ores, copper ores, bauxite, lead ores, zinc ores and potassium salt play a pivotal role on the world’s and China’s economic development. This study analyzed and predicted their resources base and potential, development and utilization and their world’s and China’s supply and demand situation in the future 20 years. The supply and demand of these six bulk mineral products are generally balanced, with a slight surplus, which will guarantee the stability of the international mineral commodity market supply. The six mineral resources(especially iron ores and copper ores) are abundant and have a great potential, and their development and utilization scale will gradually increase. Till the end of 2014, the reserveproduction ratio of iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc ores and potassium salt was 95 years, 42 years, 100 years, 17 years, 37 years and 170 years, respectively. Except lead ores, the other five types all have reserve-production ratio exceeding 20 years, indicative of a high resources guarantee degree. If the utilization of recycled metals is counted in, the supply of the world’s six mineral products will exceed the demand in the future twenty years. In 2015–2035, the supply of iron ores, refined copper, primary aluminum, refined lead, zinc and potassium salt will exceed their demand by 0.4–0.7 billion tons(Gt), 5.0–6.0 million tons(Mt), 1.1–8.9 Mt, 1.0–2.0 Mt, 1.2–2.0 Mt and 4.8–5.6 Mt, respectively. It is predicted that there is no problem with the supply side of bulk mineral products such as iron ores, but local or structural shortage may occur because of geopolitics, monopoly control, resources nationalism and trade friction. Affected by China’s compressed industrialized development model, the demand of iron ores(crude steel), potassium salt, refined lead, refined copper, bauxite(primary aluminum) and zinc will gradually reach their peak in advance. The demand peak of iron ores(crude steel) will reach around 2015, 2016 for potassium salt, 2020 for refined lead, 2021 for bauxite(primary aluminum), 2022 for refined copper and 2023 for zinc. China’s demand for iron ores(crude steel), bauxite(primary aluminum) and zinc in the future 20 years will decline among the world’s demand, while that for refined copper, refined lead and potassium salt will slightly increase. The demand for bulk mineral products still remains high. In 2015–2035, China’s accumulative demand for iron ores(crude steel) will be 20.313 Gt(13.429 Gt), 0.304 Gt for refined copper, 2.466 Gt(0.616 Gt) of bauxite(primary aluminum), 0.102 Gt of refined lead, 0.138 Gt of zinc and 0.157 Gt of potassium salt, and they account for the world’s YOY(YOY) accumulative demand of 35.17%, 51.09%, 48.47%, 46.62%, 43.95% and 21.84%, respectively. This proportion is 49.40%, 102.52%, 87.44%, 105.65%, 93.62% and 106.49% of that in 2014, respectively. From the supply side of China’s bulk mineral resources, it is forecasted that the accumulative supply of primary(mine) mineral products in 2015–2035 is 4.046 Gt of iron ores, 0.591 Gt of copper,1.129 Gt of bauxite, 63.661 Mt of(mine) lead, 0.109 Gt of(mine) zinc and 0.128 Gt of potassium salt, which accounts for 8.82%, 13.92%, 26.67%, 47.09%, 33.04% and 15.56% of the world’s predicted YOY production, respectively. With the rapid increase in the smelting capacity of iron and steel and alumina, the rate of capacity utilization for crude steel, refined copper, alumina, primary aluminum and refined lead in 2014 was 72.13%, 83.63%, 74.45%, 70.76% and 72.22%, respectively. During 2000–2014, the rate of capacity utilization for China’s crude steel and refined copper showed a generally fluctuating decrease, which leads to an insufficient supply of primary mineral products. It is forecasted that the supply insufficiency of iron ores in 2015–2035 is 17.44 Gt, 0.245 Gt of copper in copper concentrates, 1.337 Gt of bauxite, 38.44 Mt of lead in lead concentrates and 29.19 Mt of zinc in zinc concentrates. China has gradually raised the utilization of recycled metals, which has mitigated the insufficient supply of primary metal products to some extent. It is forecasted that in 2015–2035 the accumulative utilization amount of steel scrap(iron ores) is 3.27 Gt(5.08 Gt), 70.312 Mt of recycled copper, 0.2 Gt of recycled aluminum, 48 Mt of recycled lead and 7.7 Mt of recycled zinc. The analysis on the supply and demand situation of China’s bulk mineral resources in 2015–2035 suggests that the supply-demand contradiction for these six types of mineral products will decrease, indicative of a generally declining external dependency. If the use of recycled metal amount is counted in, the external dependency of China’s iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and potassium salt will be 79%, 65%, 26%, 8%, 16% and 18% in 2014, respectively. It is predicted that this external dependency will decrease to 62%, 64%, 20%,-0.93%, 16% and 14% in 2020, respectively, showing an overall decreasing trend. We propose the following suggestions correspondingly.(1) The demand peak of China’s crude steel and potassium salt will reach during 2015–2023 in succession. Mining transformation should be planned and deployed in advance to deal with the arrival of this demand peak.(2) The supply-demand contradiction of China’s bulk mineral resources will mitigate in the future 20 years, and the external dependency will decrease accordingly. It is suggested to adjust the mineral resources management policies according to different minerals and regions, and regulate the exploration and development activities.(3) China should further establish and improve the forced mechanism of resolving the smelting overcapacity of steel, refined copper, primary aluminum, lead and zinc to really achieve the goal of "reducing excess production capacity".(4) In accordance with the national strategic deployment of "One Belt One Road", China should encourage the excess capacity of steel, copper, alumina and primary aluminum enterprises to transfer to those countries or areas with abundant resources, high energy matching degree and relatively excellent infrastructure. Based on the national conditions, mining condition and geopolitics of the resources countries, we will gradually build steel, copper, aluminum and lead-zinc smelting bases, and potash processing and production bases, which will promote the excess capacity to transfer to the overseas orderly.(5) It is proposed to strengthen the planning and management of renewable resources recycling and to construct industrial base of renewable metal recycling.(6) China should promote the comprehensive development and utilization of paragenetic and associated mineral species to further improve the comprehensive utilization of bulk mineral resources. 相似文献