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中国云南省有大量的铜铅锌多金属硫化矿资源,该类矿产资源的高效选矿分离是影响企业经济效益的主要问题之一。针对云南迪庆地区的硫化混合精矿,该混合精矿铜、铅、锌三种有价金属共存,分离难度较大,导致其产品难以销售或冶炼。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射法和矿物解离度分析(MLA)等多种检测方法,对该混合精矿的主要元素含量、矿物组成、物相组成、主要目的矿物的嵌布特性和单体解离度等进行分析研究。研究结果表明,该混合精矿的粒度较细,各矿物之间存在一定的相互连生或包裹现象,目的矿物黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的单体解离度中等偏低,为69.28%～70.56%。初步预测该混合精矿中铜、铅和锌的理论选矿分离效率依次为71.63%、62.97%和72.72%。根据实验分析结果,本文提出进一步提高该混合精矿的磨矿细度促使金属矿物充分解离,是提升铜、铅、锌各矿物选矿分离效率的关键途径。 相似文献
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随着矿产资源开发利用程度的逐年加剧,目前大部分有色金属选厂处理的都是品位低、嵌布粒度细的复杂多金属矿,为提高有价金属的选矿回收率、降低磨矿成本,大部分选厂都采用"阶段磨矿、阶段选别"工艺,其中以浮选粗精矿的再磨最为常见.硫化矿浮选粗精矿的再磨可显著提高磨矿效率及目的 矿物解离度,但生产实践中大部分选厂仅关注目的 矿物的解离度,而忽视了硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨过程中磨矿介质、磨矿方式、矿浆电化学环境等多种因素对矿物表面性质及浮选行为的影响.文章系统总结了硫化矿浮选粗精矿矿物组成特点及矿浆化学性质的基础上,综述了硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨过程中磨机类型及磨矿方式、磨矿介质材质及形状、矿浆电化学环境、药剂浓度等多种因素对再磨后矿物表面性质及浮选行为的影响规律,指出通过精矿再磨工艺参数及矿浆电化学环境的合理优化调整,增强矿物表面间的亲水/疏水性差异,提高精选分离效果应是未来硫化矿浮选粗精矿再磨研究关注的重要方向. 相似文献
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云南斑岩型多金属金矿的嵌布特征及赋存状态研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
云南西部有大量低品位金矿资源,且具有嵌布粒度不均匀、矿石结构复杂、解离不完全等特点,传统工艺矿物学分析不易快速、准确测定金赋存状态及载金矿物的嵌布特征。本文利用矿物自动分析系统(MLA)、化学分析等方法对滇西多金属金矿进行系统的工艺矿物学研究,查明了该矿的矿物组成、嵌布粒度、连生及包裹关系,同时阐明了载金矿物的工艺矿物学性质对金回收率的影响。结果表明:金主要以游离态自然金的形式存在,嵌布粒度极细,主要集中在0.01~0.02 mm粒度级别;小于0.074 mm粒级的金占原矿总金量的50.08%,其余金以微细包裹体分散于黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿等载金矿物中。但载金矿物粒度较细,解离性差,嵌布不均匀,因此提高载金矿物解离度是提高金回收率的一个重要参考方向。 相似文献
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四川杨柳坪低品位镍矿工艺矿物学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
四川杨柳坪镍矿石属于低品位镍矿资源,其矿石中镍的品位为0.45%,主要以硫化物形式存在(磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿)。镍黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中镍的占有率在90%以上。主要矿物的工艺嵌布粒度统计分析表明,在较细粒级0.040 mm以下粒级及0.020 mm以下级分别有10%~15%及3.5%~5.5%的含量分布,因此选矿分选过程中,将有部分嵌布粒度较细的硫化物矿物难于解离,由于硫化物的磨矿解离度不高,且主要的硫化物彼此间的连体较多,选矿采用以磁黄铁矿为主的硫化物集合体作为回收单位较为适宜。此外,研究区硫化物矿物的物性较脆,磨矿过程中应防止其过粉碎。 相似文献
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可地浸砂岩型铀矿床中铀赋存状态及铀矿物空间嵌布特征会影响地浸时浸出工艺的选择及溶浸液的优化,研究矿石中铀赋存状态及铀矿物工艺参数对于提高矿床的铀浸出效率具有重要意义。本研究采集了二连盆地乔尔古铀矿区矿石样品,通过扫描电镜、电子探针及综合矿物分析仪(TIMA)等方法,分析铀赋存状态及铀矿物粒度、解离度、连生矿物等工艺矿物学参数。结果表明：(1)乔尔古铀矿区矿石中铀的存在形式主要为铀矿物、含铀矿物和吸附态铀。铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿和少量的铀石。(2)铀矿物粒度较小且变化范围较大,铀石粒径最大可达30～35μm,沥青铀矿粒径最大可达60～65μm;多数铀矿物的粒径小于20μm,其中铀矿物粒径在5～10μm的数量是占比最多(铀石和沥青铀矿分别占总颗粒数量的37.88%和27.78%)。(3)铀矿物解离度较低,解离度小于10%的铀石和沥青铀矿的占比分别为99.72%和91.84%。铀的赋存状态表明乔尔古铀矿区适宜地浸,但实际浸出时铀浸出率可能会受到铀矿物粒度及解离度特征的严重制约,使得经济效益受到较大影响。本研究有效查明了乔尔古铀矿区铀赋存状态以及铀矿物工艺参数,有助于研究制定适合该矿区的地浸采铀... 相似文献
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云南思茅地区有大量难选铜锌多金属硫化矿资源,由于其矿石结构、成分及构造复杂,采用传统的镜下鉴定工艺矿物学分析对铜、锌等有价金属的赋存状态等难以自动准确定量。本文采用化学分析、偏光显微分析及矿物解离度分析(MLA)等多种现代分析测试方法,研究该地区矿石的主要元素组成、矿物种类、嵌布和包裹特性等。分析表明,铜锌硫化矿的主要元素及含量为Cu 3.03%、Zn 3.90%、S 27.44%、Pb 0.13%。金属矿物主要是黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿,含少量方铅矿;目的矿物黄铜矿、闪锌矿主要与黄铁矿连生和被其包裹;其次黄铜矿和闪锌矿相互连生和被其包裹,且96%以上的黄铜矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿均分布在粒度大于9.6μm的易选粒级范围。方铅矿多呈细粒嵌布状,与铜、锌、硫矿物之间的磨矿解离有一定困难。根据工艺矿物学研究结果,本文提出,思茅地区的铜锌硫化矿矿石需磨至约31μm方能实现铜-锌-硫矿物的解离,需磨至约14μm方能实现铅与其他矿物的解离,同时预测了铜锌硫化矿中铜和锌的理论选矿回收率分别为91.22%和84.92%。本文研究成果对该地区难选多金属硫化矿的选矿技术制定和指标选择具有实际的指导意义。 相似文献
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蒙其古尔铀矿床位于伊犁盆地南部,是碳酸盐含量较高的可地浸层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床。本次研究采用了自动矿物分析系统(TIMA)来对CO2+O2地浸前后脉石矿物连生、解离度和粒度变化进行分析,反映了脉石矿物在中性地浸过程中对铀浸出的影响,对铀矿地浸工艺矿物学研究有着重要意义。分析表明,浸出前,铀石与沥青铀矿、黄铁矿、正长石及石英连生程度分别为19.31%,18.82%,14.86%,12.19%,而沥青铀矿与铀石的连生程度则为89.16%。浸出后,两件样品铀石与正长石的连生程度分别增至31.47%和45.09%;石英的连生程度变为10.08%及17.60%;沥青铀矿降至1.69%和0.00%;黄铁矿则降低为0.00%。与沥青铀矿相连生的铀石在浸出后连生占比分别降为53.85%和0.00%。黄铁矿、石英、铀石和沥青铀矿等4种矿物小于10%解离度的矿物颗粒所占比例在浸出前后均有所增大,指示解离度减小;正长石则反之。粒度方面,浸出后正长石、黄铁矿、铀石和沥青铀矿等小于50μm的颗粒所占比例增多,指示粒度有减小趋势,而石英粒度变化则不太明显。综上,中性浸出... 相似文献
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秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。 相似文献
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为合理利用重庆城口锰矿,进行了该矿的工艺矿物学研究。研究表明,锰主要赋存于菱锰矿和含锰白云石中,脉石矿物中锰质量分数低。由于矿物多为浅海沉积形成,矿物结晶较差,呈细粒晶或非晶质状态,因此矿石在碎磨过程中易形成泥级,引起选矿分选困难。此外,交代作用导致富锰的碳酸盐矿物与脉石矿物等形成复杂连生,易引起矿物解离度降低;大量的炭质存在,对选矿分选也会造成一定的困难。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献