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1.
3组磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分别反映出阿尔金地块白垩纪末(69.5±2.9)Ma、昆仑山前山地带和昆仑山后山地带(高原区北缘)上新世晚期(4.2±0.8)Ma和(3.9±0.6)Ma、早更新世中期(1 66±0.31)Ma等3次构造抬升事件.根据磷灰石裂变径迹分析样品的古埋深及据前人有关资料推测的古地表高程,换算出样品的古海拔高程,再由高程差得出绝对构造抬升量,绝对抬升速率为绝对抬升量与时间(裂变径迹年龄)差之比.计算结果阿尔金山北缘69Ma以来总共抬升了 4 940m,平均抬升速率为0.072mm/a.昆仑山前山地带4.15Ma至1.66Ma间总共抬升了1 380m,平均抬升速率为0.55mm/a;1.66Ma以来总共抬升了4140m,平均抬升速率为2.49mm/a.昆仑山后山地带3.85Ma至1.66Ma间总共抬升量约为1 500m,平均抬升速率为0.70mm/a;1 66Ma以来总共抬升量约为5140m,平均抬升速率为3.19mm/a.结合有关阶地特征及年龄,推算出21 ka左右的晚更新世末以来昆仑山后山的抬升速率可能达11mm/a.昆仑山后山地带较前山地带4Ma以来相对抬升了1120m,二者的平均隆升速率比约为1.2. 相似文献
2.
阿尔泰造山带富蕴基性麻粒岩折返过程:来自裂变径迹热年代学的限定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
论文在阿尔泰造山带富蕴县乌恰沟基性麻粒岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学、地球化学、变质温压条件和形成的大地构造背景研究基础上,利用麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的裂变径迹热年代学探讨了麻粒岩从深部折返至地表的过程。裂变径迹年代学研究发现基性麻粒岩的锆石裂变径迹年龄为三叠纪,而麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄均显示为晚白垩世至新生代早期。对磷灰石裂变径迹测试所得到的径迹长度和单颗粒年龄数据进行热史模拟表明,三叠纪时,基性麻粒岩抬升至约地表以下7.8km的上地壳,温度冷却至锆石裂变径迹的封闭温度;晚白垩世至新生代早期(约100～50Ma),麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和辉绿岩抬升至约地表以下3.5km,温度冷却至磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度;约50～15Ma,三者滞留在约地表以下1.7km的磷灰石部分退火带;约15Ma以来,喜马拉雅运动使得它们被抬升剥蚀至地表。 相似文献
3.
4.
磷灰石裂变径迹研究新疆阿尔泰山南缘剥露历史及古地形再造 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文应用裂变径迹技术对阿尔泰地区13个磷灰石裂变径迹样品进行分析研究,揭示了该地区的隆升剥露历史,并进行了古地形再造.热历史演化模式具有3个阶段的特征:①约120～80 Ma至70 Ma,温度较高,处于磷灰石裂变径迹退火带底部温度,主体高于100℃,晚白垩世末期和早第三纪初期,阿尔泰地区构造运动不明显,仅有微弱的升降运动,均夷作用显著;②从80～70 Ma至30～20 Ma,快速冷却,温度由85～75℃降至35～30℃,晚第三纪,自中新世起,特别是中新世中晚期,由于喜马拉雅运动的影响,块断升降运动较为加强,山区上升,盆地相对下降;③从约30～20 Ma至现今,缓慢冷却,温度由35～30℃降为现在的地表温度(平均20℃).三阶段隆升速率分别为0.025 mm/a,0.027 mm/a和0.02 mm/a;隆升幅度分别为1.14 km,1.34 km和0.43 km.地表隆升幅度变化于634～2394m之间.区内平均剥蚀量为2168m,平均隆升量3318m,二者之差1150 m便是现在的平均高程. 相似文献
5.
东昆仑东段哈拉郭勒-哈图一带中生代的岩石隆升剥露--锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年代学证据 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
根据对东昆仑地区东段哈拉郭勒—哈图一带不同高度基岩的系列锆石裂变径迹年龄分析，结合磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析和中酸性侵入岩角闪石压力计分析揭示了东昆仑东段中生代的岩石隆升剥露冷却历史．巴隆哈图一带中酸性侵入岩角闪石压力计分析结果反映晚海西—印支期以来的总体剥露幅度约8～9km，早二叠世至晚三叠世初剥蚀作用极为缓慢，大约为20～40m／Ma．不同高程样品的锆石裂变径迹年龄分析结果揭示了东昆仑地区东段在中晚侏罗世处于缓慢的岩石隆升剥露阶段，其中中侏罗世相对较快，抬升速率77～88m／Ma，晚侏罗世相对较慢，抬升速率小于37m／Ma，且呈减慢趋势，这种减慢趋势反映了早中侏罗世之交强构造抬升期后的逐渐衰退．锆石裂变径迹—磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析结果反映了中侏罗世以来的剥蚀速率一般不超过55m／Ma，岩石的剥蚀速率与岩石的抬升速率基本为同一量级，中侏罗世—白垩纪剥蚀作用与岩石抬升作用基本处于平衡状态。 相似文献
6.
斑岩铜矿形成后常常遭受后期抬升剥蚀和破坏改造,内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床是中国北方造山带中少有的几个早古生代斑岩铜矿床之一,其变化保存过程研究具有理论和找矿双重意义。锆石裂变径迹和磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究表明,自150 Ma以来白乃庙铜金矿区总体剥蚀量为3.11～3.25 km。矿区内岩体隆升冷却呈快速—缓慢—快速阶梯状3个阶段：150～<90 Ma快速剥露阶段,构造应力以挤压作用为主,平均剥蚀速率0.045 7 mm/a; 90～<20 Ma稳定剥蚀阶段,矿区构造应力由挤压转变为伸展,平均剥蚀速率0.003 3 mm/a; 20 Ma至今快速剥露阶段,矿区构造应力为挤压作用,平均剥蚀速率0.038 8 mm/a。加里东期到燕山期,矿区受古亚洲洋俯冲、碰撞以及陆内造山活动的影响,白乃庙铜金矿成矿后处于挤压和伸展交替的环境,为白乃庙铜金矿的变化保存提供了有利的地质条件。 相似文献
7.
阿尔泰山南缘白垩纪以来的剥露历史和古地形恢复 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用裂变径迹技术研究阿尔泰山南缘中新生代以来的隆升剥露历史,并对古地形进行恢复。对所获得的11个磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄分析表明,裂变径迹年龄变化分布于99.1~43.7 Ma之间。该地区晚白垩世以来平均视剥露速率为0.050 mm/a。热史模拟结果表明,阿尔泰山南缘自白垩纪以来经历了多期冷却剥露历史:早白垩世至晚白垩世晚期(约120~75 Ma),剥露速率为0.044 mm/a;晚白垩世晚期至始新世(约75-70~50 Ma),剥露速率为0.070 mm/a;中新世以来(约20-15 Ma~现今),剥露速率为0.081 mm/a。对研究区进行古地形恢复显示,自白垩纪(120 Ma)至今,平均剥露幅度达约5 km,古地形海拔降低约0.8 km。阿尔泰山南缘白垩纪以来古地形海拔仅在17.5~50 Ma期间保持基本稳定,其他阶段均有降低的趋势。早白垩世的构造抬升与蒙古-鄂霍茨克海最后阶段的闭合以及西伯利亚板块和中朝-蒙古板块的最终收敛和碰撞有关;晚白垩世晚期至始新世的构造活动则是受拉萨地块、Kohistan-Dras岛弧增生的远距离影响;中新世以来快速隆升可能与印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应有关。 相似文献
8.
安徽绩溪伏岭岩体隆升时代的磷灰石裂变径迹证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安徽绩溪伏岭岩体位于安徽省南部、黄山花岗岩体的东部。伏岭岩体裂变径迹（AFT）热年代分布于51±5～68±7 Ma之间,围限径迹长度为11.9～12.9μm。岩体形成之后,所在山系经历了速率波动较大的隆升过程,至55 Ma期间为一加速隆升过程,到55 Ma时速度达到最大的73 mm/ka;随后速度减缓,54 Ma左右时的平均抬升速率为60 mm/ka;54～51 Ma间又是一个快速加速隆升时期,到51 Ma时,速度达到70 mm/ka。研究区具有三个主要的冷却剥露阶段：130～116 Ma左右,冷却速率约为1.34℃/Ma;70～60 Ma左右,进入第二个较为快速冷却阶段,冷却速率约为25℃/Ma;在7～8 Ma左右发生突然加剧冷却事件,持续至今,速率达到8℃/km。总体来说,伏岭岩体经历了速率逐渐增加的冷却过程。由于黄山山体与伏岭岩体在大地构造位置、岩性特征及侵入时间上具有很大的相似性,二者的隆升时代、速率以及抬升剥蚀量是大致相当的。 相似文献
9.
矿床形成深度及成矿后的变化与保存是目前深部找矿亟待解决的关键问题.选取4个成矿年龄均为130 Ma左右的典型玢岩铁矿, 分别为宁芜盆地中矿体已经出露地表并经受过剥蚀的东山铁矿和矿体埋藏距地表 40 m以下的梅山铁矿, 庐枞盆地中矿体埋藏距地表400 m以下的罗河铁矿和矿体埋藏距地表600 m以下的泥河铁矿, 采用双重定年技术对这4个矿床主成矿阶段矿石矿物组合中的磷灰石进行了裂变径迹研究.结果显示: (1)东山铁矿AFT合并年龄为106.3±5.4 Ma, 梅山铁矿为94.2±4.0 Ma, 罗河铁矿为81.3±4.0 Ma, 泥河铁矿为79.1±3.3 Ma, 且AFT年龄和围限径迹长度随样品埋藏深度减小而增大, 分别更接近成矿年龄和原始径迹长度, 显示4个矿床成矿后差异抬升剥蚀作用导致磷灰石样品通过部分退火带时的冷却速率存在差别; (2)热史模拟反映这4个矿床成矿后均经历了早期短暂快速冷却和后期长期缓慢冷却2个阶段, 两阶段之间的拐点温度接近, 对应深度为1.7~1.8 km, 结合其他证据证明宁芜、庐枞盆地玢岩铁矿成矿深度均为2 km左右.说明这4个矿床现今埋藏深度的差异主要是由于成矿后的抬升、剥蚀作用导致.(3)自110 Ma以来宁芜盆地的整体抬升剥蚀幅度大于庐枞盆地, 导致宁芜盆地大部分玢岩铁矿矿体接近或暴露地表.2个盆地早期抬升剥蚀作用与区域性黄桥事件同步. 相似文献
10.
喜马拉雅造山带晚新生代构造隆升的裂变径迹证据 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
喜马拉雅造山带的隆升,在地质学研究中是一个非常让人感兴趣的问题,为了对其进行定量研究,揭示隆升历史及幅度等相关问题,运用磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹法对研究区淡色花岗岩进行了分析,所取样品的裂变径迹年龄位于17.0~5.7 Ma之间,小于其地层时代或侵入年龄(40~17 Ma),表明研究区喜马拉雅造山带的强烈隆升开始于晚新生代.用磷灰石裂变径迹年龄来计算可知,研究区内花岗岩5.7 Ma以来的冷却速率和剥蚀速率分别为18.421 ℃/Ma和0.526 mm/a.5.7~9.2 Ma间的相对抬升与剥蚀速率为0.229 mm/a,9.2~17.0 Ma间的相对抬升与剥蚀速率为0.032 mm/a.用锆石裂变径迹年龄来计算知,研究区内花岗岩16.2 Ma以来的冷却速率和剥蚀速率分别为12.963 ℃/Ma和0.370 mm/a,冷却速率和剥蚀速率均小于用磷灰石计算的结果.因此说喜马拉雅造山带从9.2 Ma到现在隆升和剥蚀的速率是处于加快的状态. 相似文献
11.
斑岩型矿床多形成于汇聚型板块边界。由于其较浅的就位深度,大部分古老的斑岩型矿床很容易受到后期的剥蚀而消失殆尽。研究斑岩型矿床成矿后的埋藏和去顶过程对于深入理解矿床的保存条件和区域找矿前景至关重要。新疆西准噶尔西部的苏云河斑岩型钼矿床形成于晚石炭世,是一处保存良好的斑岩型矿床,为我们研究前中生代斑岩成矿系统的保存条件提供了天然的实验室。本文首次针对该矿床开展了锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹与锆石(U-Th)/He低温热年代学分析,结合热历史反演模拟以及前人的年代学数据显示,苏云河斑岩钼矿的蚀变过程至少持续了55Myr。在早二叠世到中三叠世,矿区接受5.2～8.1km厚的沉积物覆盖。中三叠世至早白垩世(240～120Ma),矿床经历了快速剥露作用,剥露速率为49.0～56.7m/Myr,去顶量为7.4～9.2km。早白垩世(120Ma)至今为缓慢剥露阶段,剥露速率为6.7～21.7m/Myr,去顶量为0.8～2.6km。中三叠世至早白垩世的快速冷却事件可能并不是特定构造事件(比如:南部羌塘和昆仑-柴达木碰撞或者羌塘和拉萨碰撞)远程效应的产物,而与区域内走滑断层的活化密切相关。而矿床早期沉积的巨厚盖层以及早白垩世以来干旱气候和缓慢剥露,为石炭-二叠纪斑岩型钼矿得以保存提供了条件。 相似文献
12.
Robert Bolhar Uwe Ring Charlotte M. Allen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,160(5):719-742
We use 369 individual U–Pb zircon ages from 14 granitoid samples collected on five islands in the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea,
Greece, for constraining the crystallisation history of I- and S-type plutons above the retreating Hellenic subduction zone.
Miocene magmatism in the Cyclades extended over a time span from 17 to 11 Ma. The ages for S-type granites are systematically
~2 million years older than those for I-type granites. Considering plutons individually, the zircon data define age spectra
ranging from simple and unimodal to complex and multimodal. Seven of the 14 investigated samples yield more than one distinct
zircon crystallisation age, with one I-type granodiorite sample from Mykonos Island representing the most complex case with
three resolvable age peaks. Two samples from S-type granites on Ikaria appear to have crystallised zircon over 2–3 million
years, whereas for the majority of individual samples with multiple zircon age populations the calculated ages deviate by
1–1.5 million years. We interpret our age data to reflect a protracted history involving initial partial melting at deeper
lithospheric levels, followed by crystallisation and cooling at shallower crustal levels. Our study corroborates published
research arguing that pluton construction is due to incremental emplacement of multiple magma pulses over a few million years.
Assuming that multiple age peaks of our 14 samples can indeed serve to quantify time spans for magmatic emplacement, our data
suggest that Aegean plutons were constructed over a few million years. Our tectonic interpretation of the U–Pb ages is that
the S-type granites resulted from partial melting and migmatisation of the lower crust, possibly starting at ~23 Ma. The I-type
granites and associated mafic melts are interpreted to reflect the magmatic arc stage in the Cyclades starting at ~15 Ma. 相似文献
13.
This study uses zircon and apatite fission‐track (FT) analyses to reveal the exhumation history of the granitoid samples collected from the Lesser Hinggan Mountains, northeast China. A southeast to northwest transect across the Lesser Hinggan Mountains yielded zircon FT ages between 89.8 ± 5.7 and 100.4 ± 8.6 Ma, and apatite FT ages between 50.6 ± 13.8 and 74.3 ± 4.5 Ma with mean track lengths between 11.7 ± 2.0 and 12.8 ± 1.7 µm. FT results and modelling identify three stages in sample cooling history spanning the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Stage one records rapid cooling from the closure temperature of zircon FT to the high temperature part of the apatite FT partial annealing zone (∼210–110 °C) during ca. 95 to 65 Ma. Stage two records a period of relative slow cooling (∼110–60 °C) taking place between ca. 65 and 20 Ma, suggesting that the granitoids had been exhumed to the depth of ∼1−2 km. Final stage cooling (60–20 °C) occurred since the Miocene at an accelerated rate bringing the sampled rocks to the Earth's surface. The maximum exhumation is more than 5 km under a steady‐state geothermal gradient of 35 °C/km. Integrated with the tectonic setting, this exhumation is possibly led by the Pacific Plate subduction combined with intracontinental orogeny associated with asthenospheric upwelling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
引入裂变径迹方法研究藏南拆离系(STDS)的活动历史。通过青藏高原喜马拉雅卓奥友峰5个锆石和4个磷灰石样品的裂变径迹实验,分别获得11.2~17.1 Ma和12.4~14.3 Ma的年龄范围。年龄温度法计算得到中新世时期洛子峰拆离断层在卓奥友峰地区剥蚀作用逐渐增强的结论：(1)17.1~15.2 Ma地壳冷却速率较慢,约为37.8 ℃/Ma;(2)15.2~13.5 Ma地壳冷却速率为82.4 ℃/Ma,并且在14.3 Ma左右构造活动最强烈,达到峰值;(3)13.5~12.4 Ma地壳冷却速率可达100 ℃/Ma。 相似文献
15.
E. Hejl D. Coyle Nand Lal P. Van den Haute G. A. Wagner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1997,86(1):210-219
Since 1985, apatite fission-track analysis was applied to more than 70 samples from surface outcrops and shallow boreholes
at the western margin of the Bohemian massif. Apatite ages were determined by the grain-population method. Additional information
from the frequency distributions of fully confined spontaneous tracks was used for modelling of t–T paths in the low-temperature
range (<120 °C). Seven zircon samples were dated by the external detector method. Zircon ages between 283 and 215 Ma indicate
unroofing during the Permian molasse stage and the Triassic. Tectonic quiescence and slow subsidence prevailed from the Jurassic
until the middle Cretaceous. In the basement area south of Weiden, a Mesozoic partial annealing zone (for apatite fission
tracks) is now exposed at the surface. Farther north, the basement was affected by stronger Cretaceous and Palaeogene erosion,
which yielded cooling ages between 110 and 49 Ma. This second period of post-Variscan denudation was correlated to reverse
faulting along the Franconian Line.
Received: 30 June 1996 / Accepted: 24 October 1996 相似文献
16.
念扎金矿床是近年来最新发现的位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带南侧仁布构造混杂岩带与蚀变闪长岩接触带的大型造山型金矿床.为约束念扎矿床的冷却及剥露历史,利用锆石的U-Pb、(U-Th)/He及磷灰石裂变径迹定年对新鲜及矿化闪长岩年龄进行测定.结果表明,新鲜闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(46.32±0.53)Ma,(U-Th)/He年龄介于(7.14±0.24)Ma到(9.80±0.27)Ma,矿化闪长岩锆石(U-Th)/He年龄介于(8.38±0.24)Ma到(11.19±0.31)Ma之间,两件矿化闪长岩磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分别为(5.9±0.5)Ma和(5.3±1.0)Ma.念扎金矿床自闪长岩固结以来经历了两次快速冷却过程:第一次是从46.3 Ma开始持续到43.6 Ma,温度从750℃降至350℃,冷却速率高达约148℃/Ma;第二次为8.5~2.0 Ma,温度从约200℃降至30℃,冷却速率为26℃/Ma.念扎矿床成矿深度为9.7 km;在8.5 Ma时,矿床被抬升至4.6 km处;从8.5~5.6 Ma,矿床抬升至2.8 km;从5.6~2.0 Ma,念扎矿床被剥露至地表. 相似文献
17.
本文根据以裂变径迹测年为主的低温热年代学方法，认为燕山及邻区在晚白垩世进入区域性伸展构造环境以来经历了造山带伸展裂解引发的6次强烈差异升降运动，分别发生在120～105Ma、95～85Ma、60～50Ma、38Ma左右、25～20Ma和10～5Ma，造成燕山及邻区约7～8km的剥蚀量。而在相邻两次强烈差异升降运动期之间的相对构造稳定期，则形成了燕山—太行山地5期夷平面以及周缘盆地多期沉积间断。燕山与邻区盆地之间晚中新世以来的快速差异升降运动导致燕山及邻区现今盆—山构造—地貌格局。 相似文献
18.
M. S. Korchinski J. Vry T. A. Little M.‐A. Millet R. Bicknell E. Smith A. von der Handt 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2014,32(9):1019-1039
The youngest known ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks in the world occur in the Woodlark Rift of southeastern Papua New Guinea. Since their crystallization in the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene, these eclogite facies rocks have been rapidly exhumed from mantle depths to the surface and today they remain in the still‐active geodynamic setting that caused this exhumation. For this reason, the rocks provide an excellent opportunity to study rates and processes of (U)HP exhumation. We present New Rb–Sr results from 12 rock samples from eclogite‐bearing gneiss domes in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, and use those results to examine the time lag between (U)HP metamorphism and later ductile thinning, penetrative fabric development and accompanying metamorphic retrogression at amphibolite facies conditions during their exhumation. A Rb–Sr age for a sample of mafic eclogite (with no preserved coesite) from the core zone of the Mailolo gneiss dome (Fergusson Island) provides a new estimate of the timing of HP metamorphism (5.6 ± 1.6 Ma). The strongly deformed quartzofeldspathic and granitic gneisses (90–95% by volume) that enclose variably retrogressed relict blocks of mafic eclogite (5–10% by volume) yield Rb–Sr isochron ages from 4.4 to 2.4 Ma. For the UHP‐bearing gneisses of Mailolo dome, previously published U–Pb ages on zircon and our Rb–Sr isochron ages are consistent with a mean time lag of 2.2 ± 1.5 Ma (~95% c.i.) for passage of the rock between eclogite and amphibolite facies conditions. New thermobarometric data indicate that the main syn‐exhumational foliation developed at amphibolite facies conditions of 630–665 °C and 12.1–14.4 kbar. These pressure estimates indicate that the lower crust of the Woodlark Rift was unusually thick (>40 km) at the time of the amphibolite facies overprint, possibly as a result of accumulation and underplating of UHP‐derived material from below. Our data imply a minimum unroofing rate of 10 ± 7 mm year?1 (~95% c.i.) for the (U)HP body from minimum HP depths (73 ± 7 km) to lower crustal depths. This minimum unroofing rate reinforces previous inferences that the exhumation from the mantle to the surface of the gneiss domes in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands took place at plate tectonic rates. On the basis of previous structural studies and the new thermobarometry, we attribute the high (cm year?1) exhumation to diapiric ascent of the partially molten terrane from mantle depths, with a secondary contribution from pure shear thinning of the terrane after its arrival in the crust. 相似文献
19.
Fission-track thermochronology has been applied to apatite, zircon and titanite from various depths of the Baltic Shield. Burial due to Sveconorwegian (Grenville) and Caledonian foreland sedimentation is revealed.
Titanite and zircon fission-track ages from surface samples (from eastern Sweden) do not vary significantly and average ∼ 850 Myr. It is suggested that Sveconorwegian sediments reached a thickness of at least 8 km in eastern Sweden. Exhumation of these sediments was succeeded by deposition of Lower Palaeozoic cover rocks. Apatite fission-track ages along a transect from SW to NE across the shield, increase from ∼ 300 Myr to ∼ 900 Myr and yield the Phanerozoic history of subsidence and exhumation. Apatite fission tracks, in the basement of the thickest parts of the foreland basin, were totally annealed. These results suggest a > 600 km wide Caledonian foreland basin filled by Devonian sediments that were > 2.5 km thick in southern and western Sweden, thinning to the east (in Finland). 相似文献
Titanite and zircon fission-track ages from surface samples (from eastern Sweden) do not vary significantly and average ∼ 850 Myr. It is suggested that Sveconorwegian sediments reached a thickness of at least 8 km in eastern Sweden. Exhumation of these sediments was succeeded by deposition of Lower Palaeozoic cover rocks. Apatite fission-track ages along a transect from SW to NE across the shield, increase from ∼ 300 Myr to ∼ 900 Myr and yield the Phanerozoic history of subsidence and exhumation. Apatite fission tracks, in the basement of the thickest parts of the foreland basin, were totally annealed. These results suggest a > 600 km wide Caledonian foreland basin filled by Devonian sediments that were > 2.5 km thick in southern and western Sweden, thinning to the east (in Finland). 相似文献