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利用扫描电镜-电子探针研究四川杨柳坪镍铜硫化物矿床铂钯的赋存状态及沉淀机制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文利用电子探针和配备能谱分析功能的扫描电镜对四川杨柳坪镍-铜硫化物矿床中铂钯的赋存状态进行了研究。结果表明,铂以独立矿物相砷铂矿和自然铂存在;钯以碲化物、碲铋化物、碲锑化物、锑化物及自然钯独立矿物相存在,也以类质同象形式分布在碲镍矿中(钯含量约10%),另外还以锑铋钯碲矿、六方锑碲钯矿、碲钯矿独立矿物相存,并以类质同象形式分布在Vavrinite(钯含量5%)和砷铂矿(钯含量1%~5%)中。杨柳坪矿床中铂钯元素沉淀与贱金属矿物(BMS)及晚期热液蚀变矿物蛇纹石、方解石密切相关,其沉淀经历了3个阶段:1早期高温阶段(1200~900℃),铂钯元素沉淀并包裹在BMS中;2中期中高温阶段(650~250℃),分离结晶作用使铂钯元素沉淀并分布BMS矿物的边部,同时该阶段热液来源的铂钯元素沉淀于BMS粒间;3晚期热液蚀变阶段(500~300℃),热液蚀变作用引起铂钯元素沉淀在蚀变矿物中或嵌布在BMS裂隙。本文研究成果为认识该矿床及同类型镍-铜硫化物矿床的铂钯成矿过程提供了新的依据。 相似文献
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河北某地铂矿床(矿化),经我们配合某地质队四年来的野外、室内工作,初步认为该矿床(矿化)类型应属"前寒武纪超变质铂矿床".含矿岩石为榴长-斜长石岩.铂族元素均以单矿物形式存在,选别性能较好.铂钯矿化不均匀,铂钯最富可达3克/吨以上,一般为O.3～O.5克/吨,铜平均品位为O.2～O.3%.该矿化类型国内尚很少报导.本区与格陵兰西部的一个含铂超变质岩(斜长岩)铬铁矿矿床有相似之处,唯本区无铬铁矿产出.河北某地前寒武纪超变质岩铂矿床(矿 相似文献
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贵州西部Pt、Pd异常是川滇黔铂钯地球化学巨省的一部分,在威宁东部和水城南部地区存在2个异常强度规模大、结构模式理想的铂钯地球化学省。贵州西部发育NW向的断陷裂谷构造,分布有数个古火山口,构成了玄武岩浆喷溢活动通道,提供了Pt、Pd、Cu等多金属成矿物质来源和成矿条件,可望找到一定规模的铂钯矿床。本区可能存在一种新的铂钯矿床类型：受裂谷环境古火山口相峨眉山玄武岩顶部假整合面控制的同生火山热液叠加改造型铂钯铜矿床;此外还有可能存在构造热液型铂钯矿、红土型砂铂矿等类型。要取得在该区发现铂钯矿床的突破性进展,需要持续大量有效的勘查投入。 相似文献
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金宝山铂-钯矿和力马河镍矿的硫同位素组成特征及地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
金宝山铂钯矿和四川力马河镍矿是峨眉山大火成岩省内两个重要的Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物矿床,但二者矿化特征明显不同,前者贫铜、镍,富铂、钯,硫化物含量低,呈浸染状;后者贫铂族元素,富含硫化物,矿石以陨铁状或块状为主.本文以两矿床成矿元素组成的变化和矿石结构类型的显著差异为出发点,系统分析了硫化物的硫同位素,发现金宝山铂-钯矿的硫化物δ34S值(0.6‰～2.8‰)略高于地幔硫(0±2‰),显示有微弱的地壳物质混染,而力马河镍矿的硫化物δ34S值(2.4‰～5.4‰)显著高于金宝山铂-钯矿,反映受地壳混染程度较高;指出成矿岩浆演化过程中地壳混染程度上的差异,可能是造成峨眉山大火成岩省岩浆Ni-Cu-PGE矿床矿化类型不同的重要原因.通讯作者 相似文献
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铂族元素矿物共生组合(英文) 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
由于铂族元素能有效地降低汽车尾气的污染 ,其需求量日益增加 ,对铂族元素矿床的寻找已是当务之急。着重从矿物矿床学角度对铂族元素的矿物共生特点进行了探讨。铂族元素可呈独立矿床产出 ,主要产于基性超基性层状侵入体、蛇绿岩套及阿拉斯加式侵入体中。铂族元素也伴生于铜镍矿床中 ,该类铜镍矿床主要与苏长岩侵入体、溢流玄武岩及科马提岩有关。产于基性超基性层状侵入体中的铂族矿物有铂钯硫化物、铂铁合金、钌硫化物、铑硫化物、铂钯碲化物、钯砷化物及钯的合金。这些铂族矿物可与硫化物矿物共生 ,也可与硅酸盐矿物共生 ,还可与铬铁矿及其他氧化物矿物共生。产于蛇绿岩套中的铂族矿物主要是钌铱锇的矿物 ,而铂钯铑的矿物则较少出现 ,这些铂族矿物可呈合金、硫化物、硫砷化物以及砷化物 4种形式出现。产于阿拉斯加式侵入体中的铂族矿物主要有铂铁合金、锑铂矿、硫铂矿、砷铂矿、硫锇矿及马兰矿等少数几种 ,其中铂铁合金与铬铁矿及与其同时结晶的高温硅酸盐矿物共生 ,而其他的铂族矿物则与后来的变质作用及蛇纹岩化作用中形成的多金属硫化物及砷化物共生。产于铜镍矿床中的铂族矿物主要是铂和钯的矿物。产于基性超基性层状侵入体、蛇绿岩套及阿拉斯加式侵入体中的铂族矿物的共同特点是它们均与铬铁矿? 相似文献
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土壤样品中贵金属活动态提取技术 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
介绍了土壤样品中贵金属铂、钯、金的水提取态、黏土吸附态与可交换态、有机质结合态以及铁锰氧化物结合态等不同相态的提取方法与测定方法。方法检出限为铂0.03 ng/g,钯和金0.01 ng/g。实验了铂、钯、金活动态金属各种提取液介质中痕量贵金属的稳定性、固-液分离方法、提取温度的影响及提取液的处理方法。通过在南非隐伏铂钯矿或矿化区的试验,结果表明所圈定的异常与实际矿(化)体相符,为识别隐伏贵金属铂钯矿床提供了有效信息,对寻找隐伏矿床具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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新疆北部喀铜镍矿是一个产于基性杂岩体中的大型硫化铜镍矿床,矿石中除铜镍外,尚有钴、金、银、铂、钯、硒和碲等多种有益元素。在对该矿床进行矿相学研究中,发现金属矿物多达52种(包括未确定矿物6种),其中富镍硫铁铜钾矿、等轴方黄铜矿、银镍黄铁矿、镍辉钴矿、碲铅矿、碲银矿、叶碲铋矿、碲镍铂钯矿和等轴碲铋钯矿等,具有重要的矿物学意义或工业意义,为新疆首次所发现。本文从地质产状、分布状况、矿物特征、物理光学性质和化学成份(电子探针分析)诸方面作如下报导。不妥之处,请指正。 相似文献
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迄今为止文献中未见有铂矿原生晕研究的报道,通过对大岩子矿区地表和不同中段坑道原生晕的研究,发现在铂-钯矿体周围有清晰的F、Sb、Cd、Hg、As、Ag、Au、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ni元素的原生晕,其中F、Sb、Cd、Hg、As为前缘指示元素,Au、Ag为近矿指示元素,Pt、Pd、Cu、Ni为成矿指示元素.元素的垂直分带序列为(地表至矿体):(F、Sb、Cd、Hg、As)-(Ag、Au)-(Pd、Pt)-(Cu、Ni).地表岩石地球化学测量发现的Ⅲ号Pd、Pt异常带,具有多元素异常组合特征,判断为矿致异常,推测在该异常带下方可望找到隐伏矿体.坑道原生晕研究发现,在PD4中段出现浓集中心醒目、浓度分带清晰的F原生晕,推测在PD4中段下方可能存在新的盲矿体. 相似文献
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金川铜镍硫化物矿床的成因及侵位机制尤其是块状矿石和铂钯富集体成因一直存在较大争议,本文通过对金川矿石的空间关系、地球化学特征研究,指出金川矿床遭受构造及热液蚀变作用影响明显,块状矿石相对富集Os、Ir、Ru、Rh,铂钯富集体相对富集Pt、Pd、Au、Cu.研究认为,块状矿石是晚期纯硫化物矿浆上升贯入后经单硫化物固溶体结晶堆积而成,残余熔浆形成初始铂族矿物,后期矿体遭受热液蚀变及构造剪切-热液作用,使Pt、Pd、Cu、Au迸一步富集形成铂钯富集体,并在有利于成矿的空间聚集成矿.块状矿石与铂钯富集体关系密切,据此推测2 #矿体、24#矿体深边部裂隙中具有良好的勘探前景. 相似文献
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WANG Ruiting MAO Jingwen HE Ying WANG Dongsheng TANG Zhongli 《大地构造与成矿学(英文版)》2005,29(2):152-163
The platinum-group element geochemistry of rocks and ores from Jinchuan super-large copper-nickel sulfide deposit is systemically studied in this paper. The Cu/Pd mean ratio of Jinchuan intrusion is lower than that of original mantle magma, which indicates that these ultrabasic rocks were crystallized from magma that lost Pd in the form of melting segregation of sulfides. The PGE of the rocks show trend of partial melting, similar to that of mantle peridotite, which shows that magma formation occurs during rock-forming and ore-forming processes. The chondrite normalized PGE patterns of the rocks and ores are well related to each other, which signifies the signatures of multi-episode magmatic intrusion, melting and differentiation in the formation processes of rocks and ores. In addition, analyses about the relation between PGE and S, and study on Re-Os isotopes indicate that few contamination of the crustal substances occurred during the magmatic intrusion and the formation of deposit. However, contamination by crustal substances helps to supply part of the S for the enrichment of PGE. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal process is also advantageous for the enrichment of PGE, especially lbr Pt and Pd, due to deep melting segregation. The characteristic parameters （such as Pt/（Pt＋Pd）, （Pt＋Pd）/（Ru＋Ir＋Os）, Pd/Ir, Cu/（Ni＋Cu）, and so on.） for platinum-group elements for Jinchuan sulfide copper-nickel deposit show the same features as those for sulfide copper-nickel deposit related to basic magma, which also illustrates its original magma property representative of Mg-high tholeiite. Therefore, it is the marie （not ultramafic） magma that resulted in the formation of the superlarge sulfide copper-nickel deposit enriched in Cu and PGE. To sum up, the geochemical characteristics of platinum-group elements in rocks and ores from Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide deposit are constrained by the continental rift tectonic environment, the parent magma features, the enriched mantel magma source, the complex metallogenesis and PGE geochemical signatures, and this would be rather significant for the study about the genetic mechanism of copper-nickel sulfide deposits. 相似文献
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煎茶岭与金川硫化镍矿床的铂族元素地球化学特征对比及其意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用ICP—MS方法分析了煎茶岭和金川硫化镍矿床岩石、矿石的铂族元素含量,煎茶岭岩体蛇纹岩的Cu／Pd比值低于原生地幔岩浆,说明岩浆熔离作用较弱,矿石的Pd／Ir比值较小,指示其多数矿石属于岩浆型,以岩浆成矿作用为主;而金川岩体的平均Cu／Pd比值远大于原生地幔岩浆,表明岩浆熔离作用强,矿石的Pd／Ir比值较大,体现了钯族元素矿化及成矿物质以幔源为主的特征。煎茶岭在成矿过程中有壳源物质的混染,整体上岩石、矿石铂族元素含量较低,这与岩浆熔离作用弱、铂族元素成矿作用不发育等因素有关;金川在成岩成矿过程中也有少量地壳物质的混染,但岩石、矿石铂族元素含量较高,反映了以岩浆深部熔离成矿作用为主的特征。 相似文献
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金川超大型铜镍硫化物矿床的铂族元素地球化学特征 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
对金川超大型铜镍岩浆硫化物矿床岩石、矿石的铂族元素地球化学特征研究表明 ,金川岩体的平均Cu/Pd值远大于原生地幔岩浆的Cu/Pd值 ,说明其岩石为因硫化物析离而失去Pd的岩浆所结晶 ;且岩石的PGE具有部分熔融趋势 ,与地幔橄榄岩接近 ,这些均指示存在岩浆熔离作用。该矿床岩石、矿石的PGE球粒陨石标准化分布模式比较对应 ,均可分为两种类型 ,反映了岩浆多次侵入、熔离分异同时成岩成矿的特征。另外 ,PGE S关系分析表明其成岩成矿过程中有少量地壳物质混染。PGE地球化学特征参数还指示了其高镁拉斑玄武质母岩浆的性质。 相似文献
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In the Great Dyke mafic/ultramafic layered intrusion of Zimbabwe, economic concentrations of platinum-group elements (PGE)
are restricted to sulfide disseminations in pyroxenites of the Main Sulfide Zone (MSZ). Oxidized ores near the surface constitute
a resource of ca. 400 Mt. Mining of this ore type has so far been hampered due to insufficient recovery rates. During the
oxidation/weathering of the pristine ores, most notably, S and Pd are depleted, whereas Cu and Au are enriched. The concentrations
of most other elements (including the other PGE) remain quite constant. In the oxidized MSZ, PGE occur in different modes:
(1) as relict primary PGM (mainly sperrylite, cooperite, and braggite), (2) in solid solution in relict sulfides (dominantly
Pd in pentlandite, up to 6,500 ppm Pd and 450 ppm Pt), (3) as secondary PGM neoformations (i.e., Pt–Fe alloy and zvyagintsevite),
(4) as PGE oxides/hydroxides that replace primary PGM as the result of oxidation, (5) hosted in weathering products, i.e.,
iron oxides/hydroxides (up to 3,600 ppm Pt and 3,100 ppm Pd), manganese oxides/hydroxides (up to 1.6 wt.% Pt and 1,150 ppm
Pd), and in secondary phyllosilicates (up to a few hundred ppm Pt and Pd). In the oxidized MSZ, most of the Pt and Pd are
hosted by relict primary and secondary PGM; subordinate amounts are found in iron and manganese oxides/hydroxides. The amount
of PGE hosted in solid solution in sulfides is negligible. Considerable local variations in the distribution of PGE in the
oxidized ores complicate a mineralogical balance. Experiments to evaluate the PGE recovery from oxidized MSZ ore show that
using physical concentration techniques (i.e., electric pulse disaggregation, hydroseparation, and magnetic separation), the
PGE are preferentially concentrated into smaller grain size fractions by a factor of 2. Highest PGE concentrations occur in
the volumetrically insignificant magnetic fraction. This indicates that a physical preconcentration of PGE is not feasible
and that chemical, bulk-leaching methods need to be developed in order to successfully recover PGE from oxidized MSZ ore. 相似文献
17.
喀拉通克铜镍矿床铂族元素地球化学特征及其成矿作用意义 总被引：16，自引：7，他引：9
喀拉通克铜镍矿床位于准噶尔板块北缘,矿区主要矿体赋存于Y1-Y3号岩体中。矿石构造类型为致密块状和浸染状两大类,其中前者与后者呈贯入接触,不同浸染状类型之间为过渡关系。岩石和矿石的PGE总量偏低,且以PPGE为主,IPGE含量较低。整体上岩石中的PGE含量显示随基性程度降低而变小。矿石中的PGE含量随硫化物含量增加增大,显示PGE主要分布于硫化物熔离形成的物相中。100%硫化物计算后,矿石PGE含量平均仅为573×10-9。各岩体中浸染状矿石PGE组成并无明显差异;岩石和矿石具有相似的PGE分配模式,均属于Pt-Pd配分型。岩石Ni/Cu-Pd/Ir关系以及岩石地球化学资料显示,形成喀拉通克岩体的初始岩浆为MgO含量较高的玄武质岩浆,属于PGE不亏损的岩浆。基于PGE不亏损的大陆拉斑玄武岩初始岩浆推算,喀拉通克矿床母岩浆明显亏损PGE,而深部硫化物熔离可能是导致母岩浆PGE亏损的主要原因。岩石和矿石Pd/Pt比值总体特征,岩石Cr与Ni、Ir、Ru和Rh相关性,以及硫同位素和岩石学资料分析表明,初始岩浆在地壳深部发生的橄榄石、铬铁矿等矿物的分离结晶作用,可能是促使硫过饱和与深部熔离的主要因素。IPGE与PPGE分异特征及其相关分析,结合矿床宏观地质特征,推断该矿床浸染状矿的成矿作用经历了初始岩浆（PGE不亏损）→橄榄石等矿物分离结晶→硫化物深部熔离→成矿母岩浆（PGE亏损）→上侵并结晶分异的成矿过程。块状矿则可能是这一过程中PGE亏损的成矿母岩浆相对滞后熔离形成的硫化物熔体贯入的结果。 相似文献
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The ~260 Ma-old Baimazhai Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposit in the Jinping region, Yunnan, SW China, is hosted in a small mafic–ultramafic intrusion, which intruded Ordovician sandstone and slate. The intrusion is concentric with lens shape, about 530 m long, 190 m wide and 24 to 64 m thick, trends 296°, and dips 22°NE. The massive sulfide ore body forms the core of the intrusion and is surrounded by variably mineralized orthopyroxenite, websterite and barren gabbro. The proportion of gabbro, websterite, orthopyroxenite and massive ore is approximately 30, 30, 20 and 20 vol.%, respectively. Magmatic pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite make up more than 90% of the massive ores. The massive ores contain high Ni (1.6 to 4.2 wt%) and Cu (0.4 to 6.5 wt%) and low ∑PGE contents (85 to 524 ppb). They have Pd/Ir ratios ranging from 6.7 to 530, Pd/Pt ratios from 0.7 to 2.6 and Cu/(Pd×1,000) ratios from 31 to 400, which are comparable with those of the silicate rocks [Pd/Ir = 4 to 183, Pd/Pt = 0.7 to 3.5, and Cu/(Pd×1,000) = 100 to 400]. Similar Pd/Pt and Cu/Pd ratios of the silicate rocks and massive ores throughout the intrusion indicate a single sulfide segregation event. Excess sulfide melt segregation resulted from intensive crustal contamination that formed Si-rich and Mg-rich basaltic magmas in a deep-seated staging chamber before magma emplacement. The immiscible sulfide melts and the silicate melts were eventually evacuated from the staging magma chamber by compressive forces. Flow differentiation under high velocity concentrated the sulfide melts toward the middle of the magma flow, and consequently, formed a massive sulfide ore body in the central part of the intrusion. Low concentrations of PGEs and general absence of platinum-group minerals in the massive ores may have resulted from a relatively large mass fraction of the sulfide melts (e.g. R-factor = ~70) in Baimazhai compared with other intrusions elsewhere, such as Noril’sk-Talnakh with a R-factor of >10,000. 相似文献
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The Kalatongke (also spelt as Karatungk) Ni–Cu–(platinum-group element, PGE) sulfide deposit, containing 33 Mt sulfide ore
with a grade of 0.8 wt.% Ni and 1.3 wt.% Cu, is located in the Eastern Junggar terrane, Northern Xinjiang, NW China. The largest
sulfide ore body, which occupies more than 50 vol.% of the intrusion Y1, is dominantly comprised of disseminated sulfide with
a massive sulfide inner zone. Economic disseminated sulfides also occur at the base of the intrusions Y2 and Y3. The main
host rock types are norite in the lower part and diorite in the upper part of each intrusion. Enrichment in large ion lithophile
elements and depletion in heavy rare earth elements relative to mid-ocean ridge basalt indicate that the mafic intrusions
were produced from magmas derived from a metasomatized garnet lherzolite mantle. The average grades of the disseminated ores
are 0.6 wt.% Ni and 1.1 wt.% Cu, whereas those of the massive ores are 2 wt.% Ni and 8 wt.% Cu. The PGE contents of the disseminated
ores (14–69 ppb Pt and 78–162 ppb Pd) are lower than those of the massive ores (120–505 ppb Pt and 30–827 ppb Pd). However,
on the basis of 100% sulfide, PGE contents of the massive sulfides are lower than those of the disseminated sulfides. Very
high Cu/Pd ratios (>4.5 × 104) indicate that the Kalatongke sulfides segregated from PGE-depleted magma produced by prior sulfide saturation and separation.
A negative correlation between the Cu/Pd ratio and the Pd content in 100% sulfide indicates that the PGE content of the sulfide
is controlled by both the PGE concentrations in the parental silicate magma and the ratio of the amount of silicate to sulfide
magma. The negative correlations between Ir and Pd indicate that the massive sulfides experienced fractionation. 相似文献
20.
Yu. A. Poltavets V. N. Sazonov Z. I. Poltavets G. S. Nechkin 《Geochemistry International》2006,44(2):143-163
Relationships between noble-metal and oxide-sulfide mineralization during the origin of the Volkovsky gabbroic pluton are discussed on the basis of geochemical data and thermodynamic calculations. The basaltic magma initially enriched in noble metals (NM) relative to their average contents in mafic rocks, except for Pt, is considered to be a source of Pd, Pt, Au, and Ag in the gabbroic rocks of the Volkovsky pluton. The ores were formed with a progressive gain of NM in the minerals during the fractionation of the basaltic magma. The active segregation of NM in the form of individual minerals (palladium tellurides and native gold) hosted in titanomagnetite and copper sulfide ore occurred during the final stage of gabbro crystallization, when the residual fluid-bearing melt acquired high concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ti, and V, along with volatile P and S. Copper sulfides—bornite and chalcopyrite—are the major minerals concentrating NM; they contain as much as 22.65–25.20 ppm Pd and 0.74–1.56 ppm Pt; 4.39–8.0 ppm Au, and 127.2–142.6 ppm Ag, respectively. The copper ore and associated NM mineralization were formed at a relatively low sulfur fugacity, which was a few orders of magnitude (attaining 5 log units) lower than that of the pyrite-pyrrhotite equilibrium. The low sulfur fugacity and the close chemical affinity of Pd and Pt to Te precluded the formation of pyrrhotite, pyrite, and PGE disulfides. The major ore minerals and NM mineralization were formed within a wide temperature range (800–570°C), under nearly equilibrium conditions. Foreign elements (Ni, Co, and Fe) affected the thermodynamic stability of Pd and Pt compounds owing to the difference in their affinity to Te and to elements of the sulfur group (S, Se, and As). The replacement of Pd with Ni and Co and, to a lesser extent, with Pt and the replacement of Te with S, As, and Se diminish the stability field of palladium telluride. Comparison of Pd tellurides from copper sulfide ores at the Volkovsky and Baronsky deposits showed the enrichment of the former in Au, Sb, and Bi, while the latter are enriched in Pt, Ni, and Ag. The enrichment of Pd tellurides at the Baronsky deposit in Ni is correlated with the analogous enrichment of the host gabbroic rocks. 相似文献