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1.
东天山博格达造山带石炭纪火山岩及其形成地质环境   总被引：94，自引：35，他引：59  
顾连兴  胡受奚 《岩石学报》2000,16(3):305-316
东天山博格达造山带早、中石炭世海相火山地具有双峰式特征,主要岩性为富钠的玄武岩和流纹岩,其次是英安岩,安山质岩石极少出现。玄武岩的特征是：少数岩石含有实际矿物石英,个别岩石含橄榄石斑晶;辉石主要是透辉石和次透辉石,其成分富含铝（Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝４．１７～５．９９）和钛（ＴｉＯ２＝２．８０～４．７８）;基质中的长石主要是钠－更长石,斑晶中有相当数量的中长石和拉长石;全岩化学成分ＣＩＰＷ计算结果绝大部分含  相似文献   

2.
It is generally believed that Cenozoic potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks of the Tibetan Plateau were generated by partial melting of an enriched mantle region or lower crustal materials. The Miocene Bugasi volcanic rocks (BVR) in the western part of the Lhasa block are composed mainly of trachyandesites and trachytes, both of which belong to the shoshonite series. The trachytes show somewhat transitional compositions between the mantle-derived trachyandesites of the BVR and the crust-derived potassic rocks of Konglongxiang, most evident in their Sr, Ba, and Ni concentrations, Nb/Ta, Rb/Sr, Th/Nb, Zr/Nb, and Ba/Rb trace element ratios, and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. These features, coupled with the relatively high Cr and Ni concentrations and Mg#, suggest that the trachytes are the product of mixing between mantle-derived and lower crust-derived melts.  相似文献   

3.
Tholeiites accompanying a majority of alkali basalts are restricted to the highly productive central part of the CECV plume activity in Vogelsberg and Hessian Depression. They mainly occur as quartz tholeiites which according to experiments of partial melting and material balances are products of olivine tholeiitic primary melts. The differentiation from olivine to quartz tholeiitic melts took place in lower crustal magma chambers where olivine tholeiitic melt intruded due to a density comparable with that of the country rocks. The fractionation due to separation of olivine and some clinopyroxene caused contamination of tholeiite magmas by tonalitic partial melts from the wall rocks of the magma chambers. The latter process is indicated by relatively high Rb, K and Pb and low Nb concentrations and by Nd, Sr and Pb isotopes. Contaminating crustal melts, which roughly attained a proportion of 10%, contained very low 143Nd/144Nd ratios from a Nd/Sm fractionation as old as 2.6 Ga. This is the first evidence from mafic rocks of this high age in the lower crust beneath Central Europe. Modelling with incompatible elements allows to recognize olivine tholeiites as products of about 1% partial melting of plume rocks consisting of 35% primitive and 65% depleted mantle materials. The production of tholeiites other than alkali basalts is restricted to the highest plume activity and the largest fraction of MORB type source rocks. Received: 10 December 1999 / Accepted: 23 June 2000  相似文献   

4.
武当地块耀岭河群中两类不同性质的酸性火山岩研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
耀岭河群火山岩中可划分出两类不同性质的酸性火山岩:酸性岩A主要属碱流岩-白碱流岩类,酸性岩B主要属流纹英安岩/英安岩类。总体上看二者主量元素组成差异不大:SiO2含量为65.00%～79.85%,(Na2O+K2O)为5.26%～9.68%。强烈富集Th、Nb、Ta、La、Ce、Nd、Zr、Sm和Hf等微量元素,强烈亏损Ba、K、Sr、P、Ti等元素,稀土元素特征表现为∑REE很高(339.94～1152.85μg/g),具有强烈的铕负异常(δEu=0.18～0.32),与典型的大陆裂谷流纹岩的稀土曲线一致。酸性火山岩B显示K、Rb、Ba、Th和LREE的正异常和Sr、P、Ti和Nb的负异常,Eu具弱负异常(δEu=0.64～0.88),表现出与酸性火山岩A迥然不同的微量元素及稀土元素特征,而与耀岭河群基性火山岩相似,显示其成因可能与之有相同源区。  相似文献   

5.
Volcanic rocks in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Valley (MLYRV) constitute a bimodal magmatic suite, with a significant compositional gap (between 50% and 63% SiO2) between the mafic and felsic members. The suite is characterized by a relatively wide spectrum of rock types, including basalts, trachytes, and rhyolites. The basaltic rocks have low-to-moderate SiO2 contents of 46.00–50.01%, whereas the trachytes and rhyolites possess SiO2 contents in the range of 63.08–77.61%. Rocks of the bimodal suite show moderate enrichment of LILEs, negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies, and are significantly enriched in LREEs. The basalts were most likely generated by parental mafic magmas derived from enriched lithospheric mantle with minor assimilation of crustal materials involving coeval crystal fractionation during magma evolution. The results of energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization simulations demonstrate that the felsic magma was produced by the mixing of 5–20% lower crustal anatectic melts with an evolved mafic magma (～48% SiO2) and accompanied by extensive clinopyroxene, plagioclase, biotite, and Fe–Ti oxide fractionation. Our model for the genesis of felsic rocks in bimodal suites is different from the traditional models of crustal melting and fractional crystallization or assimilation–fractional crystallization of basaltic liquids.  相似文献   

6.
In this article we summarize the petrological, geochemical and tectonic processes involved in the evolution of the Proterozoic intracratonic Cuddapah basin. We use new and available ages of Cuddapah igneous rocks, together with field, stratigraphic, geophysical and other criteria, to arrive at a plausible model for the timing of these processes during basin evolution. We present petrological and geochronological evidence of dike emplacement along preferred lineament directions around the basin in response to stresses, which may have been responsible for the evolution of the basin itself. Basaltic dike intrusion started on the south Indian shield around 2400 Ma and continued throughout the Cuddapah basin evolution and sedimentation. A deep mantle perturbation, currently manifested by a lopolithic cupola-like intrusion under the southwestern part of the basin, may have occurred at the onset of basin evolution and played an important role in its development. Paleomagnetic, gravity and geochronological evidence indicates that it was a constant thermal source responsible for dike and sill emplacement between 1500 and 1200 Ma both inside and out-side the basin. Lineament reactivation in the NW-SE and NE-SW directions, in response to the mantle perturbation, intensified between 1400 and 1200 Ma, leading to the emplacement of several cross cutting dikes. Fe-Mg partition coefficients of olivine and augite and Ca-Na partition coefficient of plagioclase, calculated from the composition of these minerals and bulk composition of their host rocks, indicate that the dikes outside the Cuddapah basin are cumulates. The contemporary dikes may be related by fractional crystallization as indicated by a positive correlation between their plagioclase Ca# (atomic Ca/[Ca+Na]) and augite Mg# (atomic Mg/[Mg+Fe]). A few NW-SE and NE-SW cross cutting dikes of the period between 1400 and 1200 Ma, preserve petrographic evidence of episodic magmatic intrusive activity along preferred directions. Petrological reasoning indicates that a magmatic liquid reacted with a set of cross cutting dikes, intruding into one that was already solidified and altering the composition of the magma that produced the other dike. The Cuddapah basin tholeiites may be related by fractional crystallization at 5 kb and 1019-1154‡ C, which occurred in the lopolithic cupola near the southwestern margin of the basin. Xenolith bearing picrites, which occur near the periphery of the cupola, originated by the accumulation of xenoliths in the tholeiites. This is indicated by the composition of the olivine in the xenoliths (Fo78.7-81.9), which are closely similar to calculated olivine compositions (Fo77.8-78.3) in equilibrium with the tholeiites under the sameP-T conditions. It is inferred that fractionation in the cupola resulted in crystals settling on its walls. Hence, the xenolith-bearing sills occur at the periphery of the lopolithic body. The tholeiites both inside and outside the basin are enriched in incompatible elements compared to mid oceanic ridge basalts. The Ba, Rb and K contents of the Cuddapah and other Proterozoic Gondwana tholeiites indicate that a widespread metasomatic enrichment of the mantle source may have occurred between R∼2.9 and R∼2.7Ga. There may be local heterogeneity in the source of the Cuddapah tholeiites as indicated by different Ba/Rb, Ti/Zr, Ti/Y, Zr/Nb and Y/Nb in samples inside and outside the basin. Large-scale differences such as the low P2O5-TiO2 and high P2O5-TiO2 basaltic domains of the Jurassic Gondwana basalts, however, did not exist during the Proterozoic time period under consideration. Although we are beginning to understand the tectono-magmatic processes involved in the evolution of the Cuddapah basin, much work remains to be done to obtain a complete picture. Future research in the Cuddapah basin should focus on obtaining accurate ages of the igneous rocks associated with the evolution of the basin.  相似文献   

7.
王金芳  李英杰  李红阳  董培培 《地质学报》2020,94(12):3561-3580
本文以出露于贺根山缝合带迪彦庙蛇绿混杂岩北侧的乌兰拜其白音高老组流纹岩- 粗面岩为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石U- Pb年代学研究,探讨岩石成因类型、构造环境和古亚洲洋俯冲板片断离与后造山伸展过程。岩石地球化学研究表明, 乌兰拜其地区白音高老组流纹岩具有较高的SiO 2、Al 2O 3、K 2O和Na 2O+K 2O含量,以及较高的Ga/Al比值,相对贫CaO、MgO、Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾海鸥式分布,负铕异常显著。该区粗面岩属于钾玄岩系列,具有高碱(Na 2O+K 2O)、高K 2O、高Al 2O 3、低TiO 2,富集Rb、Ba、U和轻稀土元素, 亏损 Nb、Ta 和 Ti,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾式分布。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,乌兰拜其地区白音高老组流纹岩为迪彦庙- 白音布拉格蛇绿混杂岩带早白垩世后造山A型花岗岩浆的喷出相- A型流纹岩,其形成于后造山伸展构造环境;粗面岩为后造山型钾玄质火山岩,与洋壳俯冲作用有关,形成于俯冲板片断离- 后造山伸展构造背景。流纹岩和粗面岩锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb同位素测年,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为140. 4±1. 2Ma和134. 9±1. 1Ma,表明白音高老组流纹岩- 粗面岩喷发于早白垩世,反映了贺根山缝合带早白垩世后造山A型花岗岩浆- 钾玄质岩浆作用事件。结合贺根山缝合带的壳幔电性结构特征和晚古生代蛇绿岩- 岛弧岩浆岩、中生代后造山A型岩浆岩的时空分布与演化关系,认为根山缝合带三叠纪- 早白垩世后造山伸展岩浆作用与古亚洲洋俯冲板片断离作用有关,提出了该区后造山A型花岗岩浆- 钾玄质岩浆作用的俯冲板片断离- 后造山伸展地球动力学模式。  相似文献   

8.
阿尔泰南缘泥盆纪流纹岩的地球化学和大地构造背景   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19  
新疆阿尔泰南缘克朗和麦兹盆地内泥盆系康布铁堡组发育浅变质的酸性火山岩,岩相学特征和主量元素组成表明它们的原岩为流纹岩。该流纹岩具有高SiO2、较高(Na2O+K2O)、低TiO2和低CaO含量,属于亚碱性系列。稀土元素配分模式以轻稀土富集、Eu负异常强烈为特征。在不相容元素蛛网图上,流纹岩相对于洋脊花岗岩总体上富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,而明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf。在Nb-Y和Rb-(Y+Nb)判别图上,它们落入火山弧花岗岩区。这些结果显示,所研究的流纹岩形成于与俯冲作用密切相关的陆缘火山弧环境。本文研究结果为阿尔泰南缘在泥盆纪属于活动大陆边缘的认识提供了进一步的证据。  相似文献   

9.
浙西开化地区处于江南造山带东段,沿下庄-树范断裂北西侧发育一套浅变质的玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合.地球化学分析结果显示,玄武岩、安山岩和英安岩、流纹岩表现为连续演化的岩浆序列,岩石多富集Ba、K、Rb,亏损Sr等大离子亲石元素,富集Pb,亏损P、Ti、Ta、Nb等高场强元素.玄武岩Nb含量介于11.8×10-6~15.2×10-6,Nb/Ta=15.36~18.10,Nb/U=8.90~19.32,具有富Nb特点;安山岩MgO含量为5.31%~8.56%,Mg#值为56.89~68.83,FeOT/MgO介于0.82~1.36,显示高Mg特征;英安岩和流纹岩Ga/Al比值高,且FeOT/MgO多介于5.66~18.50,锆石饱和温度为837~920℃,表现出A型酸性火山岩特征.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,玄武岩、安山岩和流纹岩的成岩年龄分别为800.5±9.2 Ma、799.3±7.1 Ma和798.3±6.2 Ma,均系新元古代（~800 Ma）构造岩浆活动的产物.富Nb玄武岩和高Mg安山岩组合为活动陆缘弧的典型代表,而英安岩和流纹岩则可能形成于俯冲机制下的拉张环境,进一步表明新元古代（~800 Ma）左右,古华南洋北西向扬子陆块的俯冲仍在继续.   相似文献   

10.
红山子晚侏罗世早期火山盆地位于西拉木伦河-长春缝合带以南、康宝-围场-赤峰-开原断裂带以北的辽源地块,其中赋存铀钼矿床的流纹岩为肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩。为了查明流纹岩的物质来源和形成的构造背景,本文分析了流纹岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。分析结果显示：流纹岩具有高SiO2、K2O和Fe2O3/FeO值,低Al2O3、CaO和MgO的特征,肉红色流纹岩比灰白色流纹岩的SiO2含量略低、（K2O+Na2O）含量高和Fe2O3/FeO值略高;肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩均有较高的稀土含量,明显富集轻稀土,显著亏损铕;高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ce、Y、Ga和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U的含量较高,但大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr的含量低且变化较大,具有A1型流纹岩、低Sr-Ba流纹岩和板内拉张构造流纹岩的微量元素特征;具有较小的（87Sr/86Sr）i、较高的εNd（t）、较年轻的TDM2和较低的（206Pb/204Pb）i、（207Pb/204Pb）i、（208Pb/204Pb）i,指示流纹岩是源于EMⅠ富集地幔的中元古代年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,并在岩浆过程中经历了结晶分异。肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩的差异可能与年轻下地壳物质的成分差异有关。  相似文献   

11.
内蒙古西乌旗地区发育一套中酸性火山岩,空间展布特征显示其为大石寨组火山岩的西延部分。为查明该火山岩的形成时代及构造属性,对其进行了岩石学、年代学和岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明该火山岩主要由安山岩及流纹岩组成。锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示其喷发时代为275~311 Ma,属晚石炭世–早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明中性岩富钙贫镁,富集LREE及K、Rb、Ba,亏损Nb、Ta,具有弱Eu异常,安山质岩浆可能是由基性岩浆分离结晶形成的,但在形成过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。酸性岩贫钙镁,富硅碱,具有显著的Eu负异常,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti,反映岩石成因与中下地壳的熔融及其后期的分离作用有关。在构造判别图解中,中性岩具有板内玄武岩特征,而酸性岩具有A2型花岗岩特征。结合区域已发表资料推断,西乌旗大石寨组火山岩形成于造山后伸展环境,暗示古亚洲洋至少在早二叠世之前已经闭合。  相似文献   

12.
The Miocene northeast Honshu magmatic arc, Japan, formed at a terrestrial continental margin via a stage of spreading in a back‐arc basin (23–17 Ma) followed by multiple stages of submarine rifting (19–13 Ma). The Kuroko deposits formed during this period, with most forming during the youngest rifting stage. The mode of magma eruption changed from submarine basalt lava flows during back‐arc basin spreading to submarine bimodal basalt lava flows and abundant rhyolitic effusive rocks during the rifting stage. The basalts produced during the stage of back‐arc basin spreading are geochemically similar to mid‐ocean ridge basalt, with a depleted Sr–Nd mantle source, whereas those produced during the rifting stage possess arc signatures with an enriched mantle source. The Nb/Zr ratios of the volcanic rocks show an increase over time, indicating a temporal increase in the fertility of the source. The Nb/Zr ratios are similar in basalts and rhyolites from a given rift zone, whereas the Nd isotopic compositions of the rhyolites are less radiogenic than those of the basalts. These data suggest that the rhyolites were derived from a basaltic magma via crystal fractionation and crustal assimilation. The rhyolites associated with the Kuroko deposits are aphyric and have higher concentrations of incompatible elements than do post‐Kuroko quartz‐phyric rhyolites. These observations suggest that the aphyric rhyolite magma was derived from a relatively deep magma chamber with strong fractional crystallization. Almost all of the Kuroko deposits formed in close temporal relation to the aphyric rhyolite indicating a genetic link between the Kuroko deposits and highly differentiated rhyolitic magma.  相似文献   

13.
大兴安岭北段新林战备村地区广泛发育晚中生代火山岩及花岗岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测得战备村花岗岩体侵位年龄为121.0±0.8 Ma,其周围出露的白音高老组流纹岩喷发年龄为136.9±1.3 Ma,二者均形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征上,二者均属于过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄质系列,高SiO_2,富K_2O、Na_2O,低Mg、Ti,微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba及LREE,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti及HREE,轻重稀土明显分异((La/Yb)_N=11~23.2),具中等-弱的Eu负异常(δEu=0.35~0.82),二者具同源岩浆演化的特征。结合前人研究结果,新林战备村地区早白垩世火成岩形成于后造山或碰撞后的构造环境,代表了伸展的大地构造背景,这些火成岩产出可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋中侏罗世至早白垩世闭合造山后的伸展作用有关。  相似文献   

14.
辽河盆地沙三期火山-侵入岩地球化学与岩石成因   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
辽河盆地沙三期火山-侵入岩为一套偏碱性的双峰式岩系，其基性端元为碱性玄武岩，中偏碱性端元为粗面质熔岩和侵入岩。碱性玄武岩富集高场强元素(如Nb、Th、Zr、Hf、V等)和轻稀土、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素，而亏损Rb和K，具有与板内碱性玄武岩和洋岛玄武岩类似的特征。粗面质岩石显示与基性端元相似的地球化学特征，其不相容元素含量总体上高于碱性玄武岩，但具强烈的Sr和Eu亏损。矿物学、岩石学及地球化学证据表明，玄武质岩石是软流圈地幔低程度部分熔融的产物，并经历了橄榄石和辉石的分离结晶作用，其源区可能有金云母和石榴石残留。玄武质岩浆上升到较浅部位后进一步发生橄榄石、辉石、斜长石和磁铁矿等的分离结晶作用而形成粗面质岩浆，地壳物质混染作用不显著。  相似文献   

15.
The Potato River intrusion is a Keweenawan (1100 Ma) mafic plutonemplaced in Keweenawan volcanics and earlier Proterozoic metasedimentaryrocks along the southeastern flank of the Lake Superior syncline.It comprises the following lithostratigraphic zones: a thinto absent Border zone of altered olivine gabbro; a Lower zoneof olivine gabbro; a Picritic zone of picrite and troctolite;a Middle zone of olivine gabbro and leucogabbro; an Upper zoneof quartz leucogabbro and ferrogabbro; and a Roof zone of granophyricand granitic rocks. Fractional crystallization is evident fromcompositional changes in the rocks and cumulus minerals withstratigraphic height. Elements concentrated in the cumulus mineralsolivine and plagioclase (Mg, Fe2+, Al, Ca, Ni, Co, Cr, Sr) decreasewith height; elements concentrated in the trapped liquid (Na,K, La, Y, Zr, Nb, Rb, Ba) increase with height; and other elements(Ti, Fe3+, P, Ga, V, Sc, Cu, Zn) show complicated behavior relatedto the appearance of additional cumulus phases such as clinopyroxene,Fe-Ti oxides, and apatite. Lower zone rocks contain some sulfide,probably from sulfur derived from the country rock, and theUpper zone has sulfides probably precipitated from an immisciblesulfide liquid. The sulfide-bearing rocks have similaritiesto those of other intrusions, such as Bushveld, Stillwater,and Skaergaard. The picritic and troctolitic rocks of the Picritic zone indicatethat the intrusion was open to additional injections of maficmagma. Roof zone granophyric rocks are residual liquids intrudedalong the upper margin of the intrusion during regional tilting,but Roof zone granitic rocks are probably melted country rock.An attempt is made to estimate by reverse stratigraphic summationthe compositional path of the magma that solidified above thePicritic zone. The first compositions are highly aluminous,which suggests that the upper part of the intrusion has beenenriched in plagioclase by convection-aided crystal sorting.A complementary unit of mafic rocks is not exposed, but it couldbe present down dip. Some of the later compositions are similarto typical Keweenawan high-Al tholeiites. The magma did notundergo extreme iron enrichment, probably because of oxygenfugacity buffering.  相似文献   

16.
 Carbonates of mantle origin have been found in xenoliths from Quaternary basaltic volcanoes in NW Spitsbergen. The carbonates range from dolomite to Mg-bearing calcite and have high Mg-numbers [Mg/(Mg+Fe)=(0.92–0.99)]. In some samples they occur interstitially, e.g. at triple junctions of silicate minerals and appear to be in textural and chemical equilibrium with host lherzolite. Most commonly, however, the carbonates make up fine-grained aggregates together with (Ca,Mg)-rich olivine and (Al,Cr,Ti)-rich clinopyroxene that typically replace spinel, amphibole, and orthopyroxene as well as primary clinopyroxene and olivine. Some lherzolites contain amphibole and apatite that appear to have formed before precipitation of the carbonates. In situ analyses by proton microprobe show very high contents of Sr in the clinopyroxene, carbonates and apatite; the apatite is also very rich in LREE, U, Th, Cl, Br. Disseminated amphibole in carbonate-bearing rocks is very poor in Nb and Zr, in contrast to vein amphibole and mica from carbonate-free rocks that are rich in Nb and Zr. Overall, the Spitsbergen xenoliths provide evidence both for the occurrence of primary carbonate in apparent equilibrium with the spinel lherzolites (regardless of the nature of events that emplaced them) and for the formation of carbonate-bearing pockets consistent with metasomatism by carbonate melts. Calcite and amorphous carbonate-rich materials occur in com- posite carbonate-fluid inclusions, veins and partial melting zones that appear to be related to fluid action in the mantle, heating of the xenoliths during their entrainment in basaltic magma, and to decompression melting of the carbonates. Magnesite is a product of secondary, post-eruption alteration of the xenoliths. Received: 6 October 1995/Accepted: 17 June 1996  相似文献   

17.
Leucitities of probable late Pleistocene age from the extinct volcano of Gaussberg on the coast of East Antarctica consist of microphenocrysts of olivine, diopside, and leucite in a largely glassy groundmass. Their extreme K contents and K/Na ratios, as well as high Rb, Ba, and possibly Ti, are compatible with an origin by small degrees of partial melting of phlogopite-rich mantle below the level of amphibole stability, whereas their enrichment in P, Sr, Zr, Nb, La, Ce, Pb, and Th indicates the presence of minor phases such as apatite in the source material. Although the Mg/(Mg+Fe) values (0.70) and relatively high Ni and Cr contents suggest that the Gaussberg lavas represent near-primary melts, some degree of fractionation involving an aluminous phase (probably garnet) may be necessary to produce liquids with atomic K>Al. Alternatively, an as yet poorly understood process such as wall-rock reaction, liquid immiscibility, or mantle metasomatism may have been a critical factor in the genesis of these unusual rocks.Gaussberg is situated on a passive continental margin and does not appear to be related to any other known area of Cainozoic volcanic activity.  相似文献   

18.
EWART  A. 《Journal of Petrology》1982,23(3):344-382
The magmas of the Tertiary volcanic province of S. Queenslandare chemically bimodal, and occur in numerous volcanic centres,at least three representing original shield volcanoes. The maficlavas are dominantly hawaiites and tholeiitic andesites, whereasthe silicic magmas comprise mainly trachytes, rhyolites, andcomendites. The silicic rocks exhibit variable trace element abundance patterns.There is a progressive depletion of Sr, Ba, V, Mg, Ni, Cr, Mn,and P, through the trachytes to the rhyolites and comenditeswhile the behaviour of Zr, Nb, LREE, Y and Zn is very variable.Rb, Th, and to a lesser extent Pb exhibit a more regular behaviour,becoming most generally concentrated in the comendites and rhyolites.These trace element patterns are modelled by application ofthe Rayleigh distillation model, using partition coefficientsbased on analysed phenocrysts from the S. Queensland siliciclavas. Trace mineral phases, namely zircon, chevkinite, andallanite, are shown to be important in the probable controlof LREE, Zr, and Th abundances, while Nb and Zn are probablycontrolled during fractionation by magnetite. Trace elementdata for the hawaiites and tholeiitic andesites also indicateextensive although variable levels of fractional crystallizationof these magmas. The Sr and O isotopic compositions of the mafic lavas, trachytes,comendites and rhyolites are as follows: initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios;0.70357–0.70456, 0.70432–0.70589, 0.70495–0.70917,and 0.70708–0.70863 respectively. 18O range between 5.6–7.0(mafic lavas), 4.9–8.7 (trachytes), 5.0–7.6 (comendites)and 8.1–10.4 per mil (rhyolites). Pb isotopic compositionsare variable, showing a variation of 6.7 per cent for 206Pb/204Pbratios through the range of volcanic compositions. The rhyolitesexhibit a much greater divergence in their O, Sr, and Pb isotopiccompositions compared with those of associated mafic lavas,than is found in the trachytes and comendites. Within the silicicvolcanics, positive correlations exist between 18O and initialSr ratios, and between Pb isotopic compositions and initialSr ratios (with one group of trachytes providing a noteworthyexception). These correlations are not so clearly defined forthe mafic lavas, although these do exhibit positive correlationsbetween differentiation index, 18O, and initial Sr isotope ratios. The development of the silicic magmas, excepting two groups,is interpreted in terms of a model in which assimilation andfractional crystallization occur concurrently, involving a basaltor hawaiite magma component and a crustal component (modelledon the analysed Carboniferous basement greywackes outeroppingin the region); the data indicate, however, that differentiationcontinued in isotopically closed systems (i. e. isolated fromthe wallrocks). The highly depleted Sr and Ba abundances ofthe rhyolites and comendites suggest that contamination didnot occur after differentiation had ceased. The rhyolites havethe highest isotopic input of the crustal components and areinterpreted as crustal anatectic melts, produced locally withinthe crust in response to basalt/hawaiite magma intrusion, whereasmost of the trachytes and comendites are interpreted as primarilythe differentiated products from original mafic parental magmas,with variable assimilation of crustal wallrock components. Theisotopic data suggest that only the Minerva Hills trachyticlavas, and a Glass House comendite, have not been significantlymodified by wallrock assimilation processes. The erpted maficmagmas were also evidently modified by isotopic crustal wallrockinteractions, which independent petrological data suggest hasoccurred at intermediate to lower crustal depths.  相似文献   

19.
Rare-earth-element, radiogenic and oxygen isotope, and mineral chemical data are presented for tholeiitic and alkaline Quaternary volcanism from Karasu Valley (Hatay, southeastern Turkey). Karasu Valley is the northern segment of the Dead Sea transform fault and is filled with flood-basalt type volcanics of Quaternary age. This valley is an active fault zone that is known as “Karasu fault,” extending in a NE-SW direction. The Karasu Valley basaltic volcanics (KVBV) are subaphyric to porphyritic, with variable amounts of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase phenocrysts. Alkali basalts are generally characterized by high contents of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase phenocrysts. Their groundmass contains olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and Fe-Ti oxides. Tholeiitic basalts are subaphyric to porphyritic (high contents of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase). Their groundmass is similar to that of alkali basalts. The range of olivine phenocryst and microlite compositions for all analyzed samples is Fo81 to Fo43. Plagioclase compositions in both tholeiitic and alkali basalts range from andesine, An38 to bytownite, An72. Clinopyroxene compositions range from diopside to calcic augite. Most of the olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene phenocrysts are normally zoned and/or unzoned. Fe-Ti oxides in both series are titanomagnetite and ilmenite.

Based on normative and geochemical data, the Karasu Valley basaltic volcanics are mostly olivine and quartz-tholeiites, and relatively lesser amount of alkali olivine-basalts. KVBV have low K2O/Na2O ratios, typically between 0.25 and 0.45. Olivine- and quartz-tholeiites are older than alkali olivine-basalts. Olivine tholeiites have Zr/Nb and Y/Nb ratios similar to alkaline rocks, but their Ba/Nb, Ba/La, and La/Nb ratios are slightly higher than alkali olivine-basalts. In contrast, quartz-tholeiites have the highest Ba/Nb, Ba/La, Zr/Nb, and Y/Nb and the lowest Nb/La ratios among the KVBV. Alkali basalts have 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios ranging from 0.703353 to 0.704410 and 0.512860 to 0.512910, respectively. In contrast, quartz-tholeiites have higher 87Sr/86Sr and lower 143Nd/144Nd ratios, which vary from 0.704410 to 0.705490 and 0.512628 to 0.512640, respectively. Olivine tholeiites have intermediate isotopic compositions ranging from 0.703490 to 0.704780 and 0.512699 to 0.512780, respectively. 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb isotopic ratios of KVBV range from 18.817 to 19.325, 15.640 to 15.718, and 39.054 to 39.223, respectively. The range of O isotope values is between +5.84 and +7.97‰. The higher O and Sr isotopes in olivine- and quartz-tholeiites relative to alkali olivine-basalts can be explained by contamination of magmas by crustal materials.

The KVBV have intraplate chemistry similar to that of other tholeiitic and alkaline basalts in other within-plate environments, and isotopes range from isotopically depleted mantle to enriched isotope compositions similar to some enriched ocean islands. Trace-element and isotope data indicate that the KVBV are derived from a common OIB-like asthenospheric mantle source, but they have experienced different degrees of crustal contamination during their ascent to the surface, contemporaneous with little fractional crystallization. Although quartz-tholeiites display significant effects of crustal contamination, alkali olivine-basalts appear to have negligible or no crustal contamination in their geesis.  相似文献   

20.
西秦岭天水地区的早古生代李子园群为一套中浅变质的沉积-火山岩系。沉积岩系主要由变质碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成,火山岩系主要由变玄武岩、变玄武安山岩和变安山岩组成,包括岛弧型火山岩和玻安岩。岛弧型火山岩SiO2含量介于48.79%~54.64%之间,TiO2含量较低(0.29%~0.88%);稀土元素分布型式呈LREE略富集型,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Cs、Sr、Th、U,相对亏损Rb、K和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Sm、Ti和Y,具Nb负异常,类似于低钾岛弧拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩特征。玻安岩具有中等的SiO2含量(53.59%~59.28%),低的TiO2含量(0.24%~0.48%);相对中等的MgO含量(4.90%~4.96%)、较低的CaO/Al2O3比值(0.39~0.54)和较高的Mg#值(0.54~0.58)、Al2O3/TiO2比值(33.88~64.29);同时具有较低的Ti/Zr比值(15~83)、V/Zr比值(2.18~8.35)和较高的Zr/Y比值(3.82~12.08),相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),特别是Rb、Ba、Th,而亏损高场强元素(HFSE),如Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Y、Yb,显示为亏损MREE的U型稀土元素分布型式。岛弧型火山岩和玻安岩的存在表明,李子园群及其中的中基性火山岩系形成于俯冲带之上的岛弧或弧前环境。  相似文献   

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