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1.
多期构造叠加及多种成岩环境下的早古生代碳酸盐岩储集层形成机理十分复杂。重庆南川三汇场剖面寒武系碳酸盐岩出露完整,是研究沉积与成岩史的理想解剖点之一。研究表明,三汇场剖面寒武系白云岩分别经历了早期海水胶结、大气淡水淋滤、准同生白云岩化、中浅层埋藏、中期构造大气水作用、中晚期埋藏及热液作用和构造晚期表生大气水成岩作用,不同期次的大气淡水作用特征不同。在早成岩期,沿向上变浅的高频层序界面附近发育了鲕模孔、窗格溶孔等组构性溶孔,胶结物和充填物的δ 18O、δ 13C值均比同期海水负偏, 87Sr/ 86Sr值与同期海水相近,不发光(CL),含有较小的液相包裹体;加里东晚期—海西期,发育了非组构扩溶孔洞缝,伴有氧化沥青,不发光充填物的δ 18O、δ 13C负偏、 87Sr/ 86Sr值正偏,发育含烃的低温不混溶包裹体,并叠加后期的深埋藏及热液成岩作用;燕山期和喜马拉雅期, 发育孤立的非组构溶蚀孔洞、缝洞,多被巨晶方解石或黏土充填,方解石中δ 18O、δ 13C强烈负偏($\delta^{13}C_{PDB}$=-4.6‰~-23.4‰,$\delta^{18}C_{PDB}$=-8.6‰~-17.8‰)、含有低温不混溶包裹体(<28.5℃),是有机质或生物甲烷(细)菌参于下的表生大气水成岩作用产物。 相似文献
2.
湖相碳酸盐岩产状多样,多以夹层形式分布在碎屑岩剖面中,也见以结核或钙质微体化石等薄层赋存于泥岩、页岩等碎屑岩中,具有层数多、单层薄、呈韵律性变化等特点。受构造背景、物源输入和古环境等因素控制,中国湖相碳酸盐沉积最早出现于二叠纪,主要发育时段为古近纪,具有沉积时间跨度大、分布面积广的特征。湖相碳酸盐岩按成因可分为原生沉积型、成岩改造型和热液喷流型3类。中国湖相碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素特征可揭示原生和成岩过程中水介质环境的差异性:(1)δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O密切相关,且δ~(13)C多正偏,指示封闭型咸水、半咸水湖泊环境;(2)δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O无相关性,且δ~(13)C多负偏,指示开放型湖泊环境;(3)δ~(13)C严重正偏,指示成岩作用时发酵带的环境受到古细菌参与的甲烷生成作用的影响。 相似文献
3.
对青藏高原北部地区新生代陆相地层中湖相碳酸盐岩进行了系统采样分析，以碳氧同位素作为古环境和古气候变化的替代指标,试图从古湖泊演化的角度，阐明高原新生代早期环境演变历史和过程。研究结果表明，该区所有分析样品中生物碎屑灰岩类样品的δ 18O和δ 13C显示最低值，反映它们沉积在一个水体滞留时间短的开放性淡水湖泊系统中。泥晶灰岩类样品的δ 18O和δ 13C之间具有正相关关系，表明它们发育在蒸发作用明显的封闭性咸水湖泊体系中，而叠层石灰岩类明显富集13C可能与微生物活动有关。从始新世到渐新世至中新世，湖相碳酸盐岩δ 18O值具有逐渐增大的趋势，δ 13C则由古近纪的负值变为新近纪的正值，反映该区古湖泊系统经历了一个由开放到封闭的过程，预示古近纪到新近纪之交高原古气候格局发生了重大变革。 相似文献
4.
中国南方灯影峡期(晚前寒武纪)是白云岩广泛发育的海洋碳酸盐沉积时期,在灯影组中部发育从海水直接沉积沉淀的原生白云岩,目前仍保留其原始组构特征。从40个原生白云石(岩)中测得:泥晶白云石的δ 13C值为3.64‰,δ 18O值为-1.17‰(n=6);白云岩的13C值为3.52‰,δ 18O值为-1.86‰(n=15);海水纤状白云石胶结物δ 13C值为2.90‰,δ 18O值2.65‰(n=8);海水刃状白云石胶结物的δ 13C值为2.96‰,δ 18O值为-2.41‰(n=8);晶纹层和海水纤状白云石胶结物的δ 13C值为2.79‰,δ 18O值为-3.13‰。40个岩样的δ 13C平均值为3.25‰±0.44‰,δ 18O平均值为-2.12‰±0.98‰(均以PDB标准)。对于灯影峡期海相云岩的原始δ 13C和δ 18O值,不采用所有样品的平均值,而是采用原生白云石沉积物与海水白云石结物δ 13C值和δ 18O值两个图示分布区重叠部分的最重同位素值,即：δ 1C值为4.43‰(PDB标准),δ 18O值为-0.62‰(PDB标准),将其作为灯影峡期海洋碳酸盐岩的原始同位素组成。对海水原生白云石胶结物包裹体盐度进行了测定,海水δ 18O计算值为2.90(SMOW标准),用原始δ 18O值计算的原生白云石形成时的海水温度为40.8 ℃。这说明中国南方灯影峡的海洋为炎热的较高的海水温度环境。 相似文献
5.
在野外露头和镜下薄片观察分析的基础上,对重庆东部地区下寒武统龙王庙组83个碳酸盐岩样品的碳、氧同位素进行测试,并分析了其所保留的海水原始信息的有效性。结果表明,扣除无效数据后,重庆地区龙王庙组δ 13C值分布在-4.300‰~2.694‰之间,平均值为-0.031‰;δ 18O值分布在-9.880‰~-0.100‰之间,平均值为-7.396‰;纵向上,碳同位素值整体呈现先降低后升高的趋势,底部、中上部及顶部为正值且变化幅度小;中下部整体为负值且波动幅度大,正、负漂移事件频发。古环境恢复结果显示,龙王庙期重庆东部地区整体处于海相沉积环境,海水盐度在龙王庙组早期较低,晚期较高;海水温度主要介于20~30,℃之间,属温暖或炎热的亚热带气候;龙王庙期共经历3期海退—海侵作用,海平面上升、海洋生产力增加、有机碳快速埋藏使得海洋中 13C含量升高,反之则使其降低。龙王庙组沉积中期与末期,δ 13C值负偏,水体较浅,盐度较高,是白云岩发育的最有利阶段。 相似文献
6.
基于对豫西禹州和焦作地区下二叠统太原组中的遗迹化石组成与产状特征的研究,以及对不同颜色Zoophycos潜穴充填物中碳氧同位素和微量元素含量的测试分析,取得成果如下: (1)灰白色充填物中δ 13C值较低,主要介于-2‰~-4‰之间;灰色充填物中δ 13C值大多在-0.8‰~-2‰之间。二者的V/(V+Ni)值均小于0.46,Ce/La值均小于1.5。反映其为富氧相,即氧化环境。(2)红褐色充填物中δ 13C值一般在-0.2‰~-0.9‰之间,V/(V+Ni)值大于0.46,反映其为贫氧相,即弱还原环境。(3)黑色充填物中δ 13C值最高,多数在0.2‰~1.6‰之间,Ce/La值大于1.8,反映其为厌氧相,即还原环境。综合分析上述特征,提出了3种古氧相(富氧相、贫氧相和厌氧相)的遗迹化石响应关系及其形成的沉积背景模式。这一研究成果可为精细分析豫西下二叠统太原组碳酸盐岩的沉积环境演变规律提供直观的生物遗迹识别标志。 相似文献
7.
对济阳坳陷奥陶系碳酸盐原岩及孔洞缝中充填方解石进行了C、O同位素测定,结果表明孔洞缝充填方解石的δ 13C和δ 18O值比原岩偏负。奥陶系三山子组和马家沟组孔缝中充填的方解石C、O同位素演化有很大区别,前者的δ 13C和δ 18O值均为负值,δ 13C向较高负值偏移,δ 18O值向较低负值偏移;马家沟组八陡段孔缝充填方解石的δ 13C和δ 18O值也多为负值,δ 13C向较正值方向偏移,δ 18O值向较高负值偏移。奥陶系碳酸盐岩孔缝充填方解石形成于大气淡水环境和埋藏成岩环境,次生孔洞可能主要形成于早期表生阶段,裂缝形成于中-新生代的构造运动,方解石主要充填于埋藏环境中。次生孔缝的主要形成时期早于油气大量运移期,对古潜山油藏的形成有利。 相似文献
8.
海洋沉积物有机质碳氮稳定同位素( δ13C、 δ15N)广泛用于有机质来源示踪、古生产力和古海洋环境重建。日本海沉积物 δ13C和 δ15N值一个显著特征是在末次冰盛期(LGM)同步负偏,但是对这一现象产生的原因以及他们的演化过程的认识仍然存在明显不足。在本研究中,我们详细调查了37 ka以来日本海中部LV53-23-1岩心沉积物 δ13C和 δ15N演化历史。结果显示,沉积物 δ13C和 δ15N分别介于-26.3‰至-22.5‰和1.6‰至6.1‰,低值出现在LGM(26.5~17 ka)暗色层状泥发育时期,指示较强的陆源输入贡献。在Heinrich冰阶1时期(17~14.5 ka), δ13C和 δ15N快速正偏,表明日本海海洋环境发生了明显的转换,对应于对马海峡淹没及对马暖流入侵。14.5 ka之后,沉积物 δ15N值恢复到5‰,与开阔大洋海水硝酸盐的 δ15N值近似。我们采用二端员混合模型粗略地估算了有机质来源的相对贡献。LGM时期陆源有机质贡献介于65%至80%,14.5 ka以后海源有机质贡献介于60%至80%。除了增加的陆源有机质贡献以外,LGM时期沉积物 δ15N亏损还涉及如下过程:(1)较高的含Fe沙尘供给提高日本海表层海洋生物固氮效率;(2)缺氧环境盛行减弱成岩作用对沉积物 δ15N影响。37 ka以来,日本海沉积物 δ13C和 δ15N变化与有机质来源、营养盐的供给、表层生产力和沉积物氧化还原条件相关,实际受海平面和全球气候制约。 相似文献
9.
本文选择浑善达克沙地南缘濒临干涸的碱湖为研究对象,综合分析湖泊及流域表层沉积物的粒度、总有机碳(TOC)及其同位素( δ13C TOC)指标的空间分布特征及环境指示意义。结果表明,湖泊水域区及滩地区的黏土与粉砂组分含量高,TOC含量多低于1%,而东缘的盐生草甸砂组增加,同时TOC含量升高至10.75%; δ13C TOC值表现为从西向东,即水域区(-24.88‰)、滩地区(-25.17‰)、盐生草甸(-27.93‰)呈逐渐偏负的趋势。水域区表层沉积物粒度端员组分分析表明,粗粒端员(近源风成组分及洪积组分)含量的增加指示湖泊退缩及流域植被退化;水域区低TOC指示水生植物基本消失,陆源C 3植物成为湖泊沉积物有机质的主要来源,控制了 δ13C TOC的波动。当湖泊彻底干涸,裸露滩地的粒度初始以细粒组分(黏土、粉砂)为主,而后强烈的风蚀作用将富盐细粒带走,沉积物的粒度变粗,盐度降低,盐生植被入侵。此后沉积物的TOC含量显著增加,而 δ13C TOC值逐渐偏负可能与上覆盐生植被演替过程中C 3植物生物量增加有关。因此,乌日图音淖尔现代沉积过程及机理的研究,加深了对浑善达克沙地碱湖干涸过程中沉积及生态演化过程的认识,也为古环境的重建提供了重要依据。 相似文献
10.
四川盆地东部地区寒武系洗象池群碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成,笔者根据采集的111个碳、氧同位素数据,研究、讨论了盆地东部地区中上寒武统碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演化及地质意义。研究表明,δ 13C值变化介于-3.36‰~2.65‰之间,均值为-1.027‰,绝大多数的样品都分布在-2‰~2‰的区间,δ 18O值分布于-11.1‰~-6.01‰之间,均值为-7.991‰,在-10‰~-6‰的范围内波动。通过对碳、氧同位素数据分析研究,认为四川盆地东部地区洗象池群主要发育在盐度较高、温暖—炎热的近岸海相沉积环境;洗象池群沉积早期和中期经历了短暂而快速的海侵后进入缓慢的海退,在晚期缓慢海侵后的快速海退,碳同位素组成反映的海平面变化趋势与沉积相演化一致。洗象池群沉积中期显著的碳同位素正向漂移,标志着较高的生产力和有机碳埋藏率,具有重要的石油地质学意义。 相似文献
11.
Processes of carbonate formation have been related to C and O isotopic compositions in the Mesozoic alkali basalt (Mecsek Mts.) and lamprophyre (Transdanubian Range) suites of Hungary. In the studied magrnatic rocks, carbonates are present as ocelli, amygdales, xenoliths, veins and groundmass carbonate. C and O isotope studies of these types of carbonate have yielded information on the origin of the carbonates and indicated the following processes of formation that determined the δ 13C and δ 18O values of the carbonates:(1) Crystallization of magmatic carbonate. Textural characteristics and δ 13C values suggest formation of magmatic carbonate in alkali basalt and lamprophyre dikes, whereas the δ 18O compositions of these carbonates indicate low temperature oxygen isotope exchange with magmatic fluids.(2) Assimilation of sedimentary carbonate by silicate magmas. Even completely recrystallized amygdales and ocelli of basalts and lamprophyres have preserved their sedimentary δ 13C values. In contrast, variations in the extent of mobilization and isotope exchange with magmatic fluids are reflected in differences in the ranges of the δ 18O values of amygdales, ocelli and veins, and can be attributed to different amounts of fluids involved in the magmatic events.(3) Low temperature alteration of magmatic rocks caused only 18O-enrichment in the carbonate amygdales of basalts and the groundmass carbonates of lamprophyres, indicating that no externally-derived CO 2 was present in the alteration fluids.(4) Degassing of magma and magmatic fluid. Correlations between δ 13C and δ 18O data, magma crystallization depths and amygdale sizes in the alkali basalts suggest that CO 2 degassing has been responsible for the negative δ 13C and positive δ 18O shifts observed. A similar trend was found in the lamprophyres, but the extent of the δ 18O shift indicates that in these rocks H 2O degassing also played an important role. 相似文献
12.
准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷早二叠世风城组沉积时期为典型的碳酸盐型咸化湖盆,湖盆咸化过程中析出大量的碱矿(钠碳酸盐类矿物)。通过含碱层段主量元素、碳氧同位素分析,结合岩心宏观及微观矿物岩石特征,探讨了含碱层段韵律特征及形成机理。研究层段碱矿与沉凝灰岩互层,形成明暗相间的咸化韵律。浅色碱矿层质地较纯,主要为苏打和小苏打,主量元素表现为 Na 2O含量高,CaO、MgO、SiO 2和Al 2O 3含量低;暗色层段主要为含斑点状碳钠钙石的沉凝灰岩,主量元素表现为Na 2O含量低,CaO、MgO、SiO 2和Al 2O 3含量高。浅色碱矿层和暗色沉凝灰岩段碳氧同位素值均为正,表明其沉积水体具高盐度特征。浅色含碱层段具有更高的 δ 18O 值,反映了碱矿层沉积时期强烈蒸发的气候条件。根据δ 18O/δ 13C值的波动将研究层段划分为炎热干旱和相对湿润的气候条件,并据此解释不同韵律层盐类矿物形成机理。暗色的沉凝灰岩沉积代表地表流水注入量大于蒸发量,沉凝灰岩中盐类矿物含量少或者呈斑点状从颗粒间的卤水中析出;随着蒸发量的增高以及古气候由温暖潮湿转变为干旱炎热,地表流水注入量急剧减少,强烈蒸发控制了碱矿的沉积,形成浅色质地较纯的碱矿层。气候的频繁交替形成了风二段碱矿与沉凝灰岩频繁互层的特征。 相似文献
13.
以详细的岩石学研究为基础,综合利用碳、氧、锶同位素等地球化学资料,深入分析了塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统—下奥陶统白云石化流体演化规律以及白云岩成因机制。结果表明,上寒武统白云岩主要由泥晶—粉晶白云岩、微生物白云岩和(残余)颗粒白云岩等原始结构保留较好的白云岩构成,其C、Sr同位素与同期海水相近,O同位素值偏正,属于同生/准同生期与轻微蒸发海水有关的白云石化的产物;下奥陶统白云岩以细晶自形—半自形白云石为主,原始结构保留差,其C、Sr同位素与同期海水近似,但O同位素值略微偏负,主要为浅埋藏期白云石化的产物。部分早期白云岩在中—深埋藏过程中受埋藏重结晶和构造—热液白云石化的影响,形成细晶—粗晶他形白云岩和缝洞鞍形白云石充填物,该阶段白云石化流体主要来自于地层内封存的海源流体、深部热液以及蒸发岩层间热卤水,多期多源流体的共同作用导致该类白云岩具有较宽的Sr同位素组成和明显负偏的O同位素值。总体上,研究区白云岩具有早期形成(近地表到浅埋藏期大规模交代)、中期加强(中—深埋藏期部分重结晶)、晚期改造(热液局部调整)的整体演化趋势。 相似文献
14.
There are two types of gneisses, biotite paragneiss and granitic orthogneiss, to be closely associated with UHP eclogite at Shuanghe in the Dabie terrane. Both concentration and isotope composition of bulk carbon in apatite and host gneisses were determined by the EA-MS online technique. Structural carbonate within the apatite was detected by the XRD and FTIR techniques. Significant 13C-depletion was observed in the apatite with δ13C values of −28.6‰ to −22.3‰ and the carbon concentrations of 0.70–4.98 wt.% CO 2 despite a large variation in δ18O from −4.3‰ to +10.6‰ for these gneisses. There is significant heterogeneity in both δ13C and δ18O within the gneisses on the scale of several tens meters, pointing to the presence of secondary processes after the UHP metamorphism. Considerable amounts of carbonate carbon occur in some of the gneisses that were also depleted in 13C primarily, but subjected to overprint of 13C-rich CO 2-bearing fluid after the UHP metamorphism. The 13C-depleted carbon in the gneisses is interpreted to be inherited from their precursors that suffered meteoric–hydrothermal alteration before plate subduction. Both low δ13C values and structural carbonate in the apatite suggest the presence of 13C-poor CO 2 in the UHP metamorphic fluid. The 13C-poor CO 2 is undoubtedly derived from oxidation of organic matter in the subsurface fluid during the prograde UHP metamorphism. Zircons from two samples of the granitic orthogneiss exhibit low δ18O values of −4.1‰ to −1.1‰, demonstrating that its protolith was significantly depleted in 18O prior to magma crystallization. U–Pb discordia datings for the 18O-depleted zircons yield Neoproterozoic ages of 724–768 Ma for the protolith of the granitic orthogneiss, consistent with protolith ages of most eclogites and orthogneisses from the other regions in the Dabie–Sulu orogen. Therefore, the meteoric–hydrothermal alteration is directly dated to occur at mid-Neoproterozoic, and may be correlated with the Rodinia supercontinental breakup and the snowball Earth event. It is thus deduced that the igneous protolith of the granitic orthogneiss and some eclogites would intrude into the older sequences composing the sedimentary protoliths of the biotite paragneiss and some eclogites along the northern margin of the Yangtze plate at mid-Neoproterozoic, and drove local meteoric–hydrothermal circulation systems in which both 13C- and 18O-depleted fluid interacted with the protoliths of these UHP rocks now exposed in the Dabie terrane. 相似文献
15.
The Berriedale Limestone formed at about 80°S paleolatitude and contains many glacial dropstones. It formed during a period of major Gondwana deglaciation. The Berriedale Limestone contains mostly bryozoans, brachiopods and bivalves, with some intraclasts and rare pellets. The faunal diversity is low and the fauna are similar to the modern cold-water foramol faunal assemblage. Micrite, microspar and spar occur as equant to well developed rhombs of calcite. The coarse spar cements are bored and are ruptured by dropstones, indicating submarine origin of low-Mg calcite at water-temperatures of around 3°C. The mixing zone cementation was preceded by erosion of early formed crystals. The eroded crystals occur as inclusions in mixing zone cements. The fauna are characterized by heavy δ13C and light δ18O. The whole-rock field of δ18O-δ13C falls at the edge of “Normal Marine Limestone” and deviates to lighter δ18O values (down to −16.7‰ PDB). Lightest δ18O values ( −22‰ PDB) of fresh-water sparry calcite cement are similar to those in the Early Permian continental tillites, suggesting that the Permian sea was diluted by isotopically light melt waters. Micrite δ18O values (−9.2 to −12.6‰ PDB) are within the range of whole-rock values. The δ18O values of calcite in shales are lighter than limestone values. The δ18O values of the fauna give an unrealistic range of sea-water temperatures because the fauna have equilibrated with variable amounts of melt waters. However, calculated original δ18O values of the fauna indicate temperatures < 4°C. The heaviest δ18O of fauna gives cold temperatures of 9°C (with δw −2.8‰) and −3°C (with δw −6‰). The lightest values of sparry calcite cements (−22‰ PDB) indicate that the limestone reacted with cold melt waters. The δ18O of Permian sea is estimated to be about +1.2‰ and was diluted by melt waters as light as −27‰ SMOW. 相似文献
16.
Lake Xingcuo is a small, closed, hardwater lake situated in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Stable isotope data (δ 18O and δ 13C) from the freshwater snail Gyraulus sibirica (Dunker) in a 34-cm-long, radioactive isotope-dated sediment core represent the past 200 years of Lake Xingcuo environmental history. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in the shells of the snail yield information on the isotopic composition of the water in which the shell was formed, which in turn relates to climatic conditions prevailing during the snail's life-span. Living and fossil shells from Lake Xingcuo were collected. δ 18O values in the living shells from Lake Xingcuo are in equilibrium with ambient waters, while δ 13C values may trace snail dietary carbon. On comparing δ 18O and δ 13C in the shell of Gyraulus sibirica with monitored data for the period 1954-1995, we found that the δ 18O composition in the shell is an efficient proxy revealing air temperature during the warmer months from April to September. There is a positive correlation between the δ 18O in the shells of Gyraulus sibirica and the running average temperature of the warmer months. Climatic variability in the eastern Tibetan Plateau for the past two centuries has been inferred from the δ 18O record from the freshwater snails in the sediments of Lake Xingcuo. As such, the last 200 years' palaeoclimatic record for this region can be separated into three periods representing oscillations between warm and cool conditions consistent with the Guliya ice record in the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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