共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
The proposed general analytical model describes the anisotropic, elasto-plastic, path-dependent, stress-strain-strength properties of inviscid saturated clays under undrained loading conditions. The model combines properties of isotropic and kinematic plasticity by introducing the concept of a field of plastic moduli which is defined in stress space by the relative configuration of yield surfaces. For any loading (or unloading) history, the instantaneous configuration is determined by calculating the translation and contraction (or expansion) of each yield surface. The stress-strain behaviour of clays can thus be determined for complex loading paths and in particular for cyclic loadings. The stress-strain relationships are provided for use in finite element analyses. The model parameters required to characterize the behaviour of any given clay can be derived entirely from conventional triaxial or simple shear soil test results. The model's extreme versatility is demonstrated by using it to formulate the behaviour of the Drammen clay under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. The parameters are determined by using solely the results from monotonic and cyclic strain-controlled simple shear experimental tests, and the model's accuracy is evaluated by applying it to predict the results of other tests such as (1) cyclic stress-controlled simple shear tests, (2) monotonic triaxial loading compression and unloading extension tests, and (3) cyclic stress- and strain-controlled triaxial tests on, this same clay. The theoretical predictions are found to agree extremely well with the experimental test results. 相似文献
2.
Engineering research has shown that the surrounding rock of deep roadways experienced many times of post-peak cyclic loading and unloading. So studying on rock mechanical characteristics of post-peak loading and unloading is helpful to control the deep surrounding rocks. The test using RMT-150B rock mechanics testing system, to experiment on the mechanical properties of sandstone of post-peak cyclic loading and unloading. The results show that: the stress–strain curves of post-peak cyclic loading and unloading have significant plastic hysteretic loops. The area of plastic hysteretic loops gloss back. The enveloping outer enclosure of cycle loading curve is the similar as the stress–strain curves of strain softening stage when the samples failure, which shows that post-peak failure of rocks have significant memory. With the increase of cycles, the cumulative deterioration parameters are gradually increased, and the ultimate bearing capacity, elastic of loading section of samples and cumulative deterioration parameters conform with the exponential attenuation function with constant term. With the increase of surrounding pressure, the total energy, dissipated energy and elastic energy of samples are gradually increased. With the increase of cycles, the total energy, dissipated energy and elastic energy of samples all are gradually decreasing, the rate of reduction decreases gradually. The samples exist in vertical splitting and transverse shear combination failure under the post-peak uniaxial cycles, or exist in shear failure under the post-peak triaxial cycles. The shear plane exists slip traces. 相似文献
3.
软岩三轴加、卸载试验中的抗压强度参数取值是一个非常关键的问题,目前还没有比较确定的方法,通常根据经验或工程要求确定。基于此,结合一组砂质泥岩的三轴加、卸载试验进行了详细研究,试验结果表明:(1)当围压大于10 MPa时,不论是三轴加载试验还是卸载试验,砂质泥岩均表现出明显的应变硬化特性;(2)砂质泥岩在三轴压缩和三轴卸荷两种应力路径的力学响应差别明显,在卸荷条件下通常只存在一条完整的剪切破坏面,而压缩条件下岩样没有明显的控制破裂面,并且剪胀效应明显;(3)将半对数法引入到软岩三轴加、卸载试验数据分析中,可以比较方便地确定软岩三轴加、卸载试验的抗压强度;(4)基于三轴加、卸载试验过程中的应力、应变增量分析,将软岩变形破坏过程分为3个阶段:平滑阶段、规则跳跃阶段和急剧跳跃阶段,各阶段划分的意义明确,可以作为抗压强度确定时的重要参考,因此,在软岩三轴试验数据分析时,可以综合采用这两种方法。研究提出的抗压强度确定方法可操作性强,在其他软岩三轴试验数据分析中值得参考借鉴。 相似文献
4.
New excavation or tunnelling affects the stress state of soils in ground. The change of stress state due to excavation may affect the cyclic behaviour of soils. Cyclic loading, such as traffic and earthquake loading, induced ground deformation may be greater than expected if such effect is not considered. A series of cyclic triaxial tests were performed on Sydney sand with different relative densities. The effect of unloading sequence on deformation of the sand under cyclic loading was simulated by reducing lateral stress in steps between loading cycles. The dependence of strain accumulation on the magnitude of confining pressure reduction and on unloading stress paths was studied. The results indicate that the sand has a memory of stress history and the stress history of such unloading enlarges the strain accumulation during the subsequent cycles, and the greater the reduction of lateral stress, the greater the accumulated strain. Under cyclic loading, the accumulated axial strain could increase nonlinearly or linearly with the ratio of unloading magnitude to initial mean effective stress, depending on the stress state before cyclic loading. The unloading stress paths have limited effects on the final accumulated strain if the initial and final stress states are the same. The variation of strain accumulation direction attributes to the change of average stress ratio resulting from lateral stress reduction, but hardly depends on relative density and unloading stress paths. The strain accumulation direction after unloading roughly agrees with the modified Cam Clay flow rule. 相似文献
5.
为克服边界面模型应用不便、不能反映卸载过程中土体的弹塑性性质的缺陷,提出了一个循环荷载作用下可考虑弹塑性加、卸载过程的重塑黏土改进边界面模型。模型采用了简单的边界面形式,可大大简化该模型理论的推导与计算;采取了不预先定义边界面大小的方式,有效地降低了改进边界面模型在应用过程中的经验性;加入边界面胀缩规则,使模型可考虑土样卸载过程中的弹塑性性质,进而可反映土样的滞回特性。通过对重塑黏土进行循环三轴数值模拟试验,并与真实试验结果进行对比分析,验证了改进边界面模型的合理性和有效性。数值验证结果表明,改进边界面模型具有物理意义明确、参数易于确定、形式相对简单的特点,且该模型计算精度较高,计算结果与试验结果吻合得较好。 相似文献
6.
This paper presents a constitutive model for describing the stress-strain response of sands under cyclic loading. The model, formulated using the critical state theory within the bounding surface plasticity framework, is an upgraded version of an existing model developed for monotonic behaviour of cohesionless sands. With modification of the hardening law, plastic volumetric strain increment and unloading plastic modulus, the original model was modified to simulate cyclic loading. The proposed model was validated against triaxial cyclic loading tests for Fuji River sand, Toyoura sand and Nigata sand. Comparison between the measured and predicted results suggests that the proposed modified model can capture the main features of cohesionless sands under drained and undrained cyclic loading. 相似文献
7.
对英安岩岩样开展单轴、常规三轴加荷和三轴卸荷试验,并对试验过程进行声发射监测,研究在3种应力路径下英安岩变形破坏过程的声发射b值特征差异,探索声发射b值在岩石破坏前兆方面的规律。研究结果表明:英安岩岩样的声发射b值特征与加载的应力路径关系密切,加荷路径即单轴路径和常规三轴路径下b值变化规律相似,加荷与卸荷路径下b值变化规律差异较大。单轴和常规三轴加荷试验中,围压对声发射b值特征有较大的影响。围压越大,岩样在破坏前,b值的整体水平越高。岩样在破坏时,声发射b值下降幅度越大、降低速率越快,且b值达到整个过程中的最小值。三轴卸荷试验中,围压对声发射b值特征影响不明显。与常规三轴试验相比,三轴卸荷试验在卸荷至一定水平后,其b值整体水平更低,最终破坏时b值的最小值更小。提出当岩样峰值强度后存在明显的应力跌落,此时声发射b值的快速下降可以作为破坏前兆。b值的临界值要通过大量室内岩石声发射试验的统计结果来确定。将声发射b值快速下降、临界值突破0.6作为试验英安岩岩样的破坏前兆。 相似文献
8.
针对冻土工程中地基冻土体受力形式复杂、常处于变应力路径、反复加卸载作用问题, 开展了冻结黄土静力条件下的三轴加卸载试验与单调加载对比试验, 研究了两种应力路径下冻结黄土的变形和损伤特性. 通过对比发现, 加载方式对冻结黄土变形特性随围压的变化规律影响不大. 循环加卸载作用下, 冻结黄土的压密变硬增强了其抵抗变形的能力. 卸载阶段, 冻结黄土表现出卸载体胀的弹性现象, 呈现出与融土不同的体变特征. 基于弹性模量的劣化定义了冻结黄土的损伤变量, 并根据试验结果得出了冻结黄土的损伤演化规律可用双曲线函数来描述. 在较低的围压下, 围压增加对冻土损伤的发展有抑制作用; 而当围压足够大时, 由于冰的压碎和压融的出现, 围压增大加剧了损伤的发展. 相似文献
9.
运用RLW-2000型微机伺服岩石三轴试验机,对饱水状态和天然状态页岩在不同围压下进行三轴循环加卸载试验,分析了两种含水状态页岩的力学特性和滞后效应,并基于能量原理讨论了阻尼比演化规律。试验结果表明：随循环次数增加,累积残余应变逐渐增加,相对残余应变先降低,后趋于稳定区域,直至破坏前急剧增加;饱水页岩的加卸载变形模量均比天然页岩小,加载变形模量整体比卸载变形模量小;在加载和卸载阶段,均出现应变始终滞后于应力的现象;饱水页岩的滞后效应比天然页岩更明显。提出了考虑滞后效应的能量计算方法,较以往能量计算的误差更小。最后基于能量原理对阻尼比的计算公式进行修正,发现饱水页岩的阻尼比比天然页岩大。阻尼比的变化较好地反映了页岩损伤机制,可作为预判页岩失稳破坏的重要指标。 相似文献
10.
针对基坑开挖过程中坑侧土体的应力路径,采用真三轴仪进行考虑初始应力状态下侧向卸荷试验,并与常规三轴试验以及轴向加荷真三轴试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明： 曲线类似于常规三轴剪切试验的 曲线,呈双曲线关系;由于中主应力的影响,土体的初始强度得到提高,真三轴加荷试验初始切线斜率总是大于常规三轴试验的初始斜率;在侧向卸荷的条件下,土体可以在相对小的应变下发生破坏,加荷路径下破坏,土体应力强度要大于卸荷路径。 相似文献
11.
This paper presents a two-surface plasticity model for describing some important features of saturated clay under cyclic loading conditions, such as closed hysteresis loops, cyclic shakedown and degradation, and different stress–strain relations for two-way loading. The model, namely ACC-2-C, is based on the elastoplastic model ACC-2 (an adapted Modified Cam Clay model with two yield surfaces) developed by Hong et al. (Acta Geotech 11(4):871–885, 2015). The small-strain nonlinearity concept is adopted to achieve the nonlinear characteristics of clay during unloading–loading stage. The new hardening law related to accumulated deviatoric plastic strain is proposed for the inner surface to describe the cyclic shakedown and degradation. Following the advantages of the ACC-2 model, the constitutive equations are simply formulated based on the consistency condition for the inner yield surface. The model is conveniently implemented in a finite element code using a stress integration scheme similar to the Modified Cam Clay model. The simulation results are highly consistent with experimental data from drained and undrained isotropic cyclic triaxial tests in normally consolidated saturated clay under both one-way and two-way loadings. 相似文献
12.
随着车辆载重的变化,其荷载幅值也会随之变化。然而,已有的研究大多关注恒定动荷载下水泥土动力特性,对分级循环荷载作用下水泥土的动态特性研究较少。利用GDS动三轴仪,开展一系列水泥土动三轴试验,探讨分级荷载条件下静偏应力和围压等因素对水泥土动力特性的影响。试验结果表明:水泥土的轴向塑性应变随着围压和静偏应力比的增加而增加。水泥土轴向应变在0.1%～0.5%范围,其应变发展属于稳定型,分级加卸载对应变发展过程影响较大,对最终应变影响较小。建立了考虑水泥土加卸载条件、围压和静偏应力比的塑性应变的经验模型,分级卸载的相关系数大于0.95,而分级加载的相关系数在0.8～0.9之间。分级卸载时,第一级荷载对应变发展起主导作用,而分级加载时,最大动应力比无法主导前几级荷载较小时的应变发展。在分级加卸载条件下,水泥土的骨干曲线表现为2种模式:上升型和下降型,可将其简化为多段直线,利用建立的累积塑性应变计算方法,提出了确定多段直线分界点的方法,并验证了其可行性。 相似文献
13.
Rock mechanical behaviors and deformation characteristics are associated with stress history and loading path. Unloading conditions occur during the formation of a salt cavity as a result of washing techniques. Such conditions require an improved understanding of the mechanical and deformation behaviors of rock salt. In our study, rock salt dilatancy behaviors under triaxial unloading confining pressure tests were analyzed and compared with those from conventional uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The volume deformation of rock salt under unloading was more than under triaxial loading, but less than under uniaxial loading (with the same deviatoric stress). Generally, under the same axial compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate decreased as the confining compression increased, and under the same confining compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate increased as the axial compression increased. The dilatancy boundary of the unloading confining pressure test began with unloading. This is different from the dilatancy of the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The accelerated dilatancy point boundary stress value was affected by confining and axial compressions. The specimens entered into a creep state after unloading. The associated creep rate depends on the deviatoric stress and confining compression values at the end of the unloading process. Based on unloading theory and the experimental data, we propose a constitutive model of rock salt damage. Our model reflects the dilatancy progression at constant axial stress and reduced lateral confinement. 相似文献
14.
采用MTS815刚性伺服试验机,对砂岩进行了单轴、三轴压缩和三轴峰后卸围压试验,对比研究了砂岩在加卸载试验条件下的能耗特征。结果表明,单轴压缩各能耗指标值均小于三轴压缩和三轴峰后卸围压,三轴峰后卸围压介于单轴与三轴压缩之间。三轴压缩和三轴峰后卸围压各能耗指标均具有明显的围压效应,随着围压的升高而线性增大。单轴压缩时砂岩表现为突发性的脆性破坏,初期储存的弹性应变能瞬间几乎全部转化为耗散能,成为岩样破坏时所表现出的一切现象的源动力;三轴压缩时砂岩表现为从局部破坏到整体失稳的渐进过程,耗散能所占吸收能量的比例越来越大,表现为明显的能量耗散,能量耗散发展到一定程度表现为明显的能量释放,随即岩石整体失稳破坏。 相似文献
15.
为研究花岗岩在三轴循环加卸载条件下气体渗透率的演化规律,利用岩石多场耦合三轴试验仪分别对花岗岩进行三轴恒下限分级循环加卸载试验和气体渗透试验。试验结果表明：加载曲线与上一次循环卸载曲线形成塑性滞回环,随着循环次数的增加,每个循环应力下限的轴向应变也随之增加;前期几个循环试样体积压缩明显,以轴向压缩变形为主,后期轴向应力达到一定数值时体积由压缩转为扩容,裂纹发展方向偏向于轴向方向,均呈剪切脆性破坏;气体渗透率变化分为稳定下降阶段、缓慢增加阶段、急剧上升阶段3个阶段,试样脆性破坏后气体渗透率均上升2～3个数量级;体积应变曲线拐点与横向应变曲线结合起来可以作为研究岩石渗透率变化规律的一个重要参考因素。 相似文献
16.
应用三轴加载煤岩渗流试验装置,对预制贯通裂隙煤样开展循环加卸载轴压渗透率试验,分析循环加卸载轴压作用下预制裂隙煤样渗透率的变化规律及其之间的差异。研究结果表明：预制裂隙煤样渗透率与轴压呈负指数函数关系,渗透率对应力敏感性随加卸载次数增加而降低。加载阶段渗透率差值与卸载阶段渗透率差值随加卸载次数增加而降低,渗透率差值与应力敏感性系数呈正相关性。加载阶段与卸载阶段渗透率存在明显差值,渗透率产生明显损失量,其随加卸载次数增加而降低。竖直裂隙煤样渗透率与应力敏感性系数明显高于水平裂隙煤样与完整煤样,水平裂隙煤样渗透性与完整煤样渗透性相差不大,但水平裂隙煤样应力敏感性系数高于完整煤样。竖直裂隙煤样渗透率差值与渗透率损失量明显高于水平裂隙煤样与完整煤样,水平裂隙煤样渗透率差值高于完整煤样,但两者渗透率损失量相差不大。循环加卸载轴压结束后,完整煤样渗透率损失率最大,水平裂隙煤样渗透率损失率居中,竖直裂隙煤样渗透率损失率最小;竖直裂隙煤样渗透率恢复率最大,水平裂隙煤样渗透率恢复率居中,完整煤样渗透率恢复率最小。 相似文献
17.
利用与CT(computerizedtomography)机配套的专用岩石三轴加载试验设备 ,采用CT实时试验的手段对连续加载试验条件下和卸围压应力作用下砂岩破坏细观机理进行了对比研究。结果表明 ,岩石的卸荷损伤演化破坏具有突发性 ,卸围压破坏导致的扩容比连续加载破坏时大. 相似文献
18.
为研究贵阳红黏土在循环荷载作用下的损伤特性,揭示抗剪强度参数随加卸载过程的损伤演化规律,通过应力-应变控制式三轴剪切渗透仪中的应力路径试验模块,对ω=29%、32%、35%以及38% 4种含水率的贵阳红黏土在σ 3=100 kPa、200 kPa和300 kPa围压下开展固结不排水剪循环加卸载试验。研究结果表明:卸载过程中土样表现出变形增强性,卸载后轴向应变增量越大,松弛时间越长,回弹变形量越大;综合考虑含水率与围压条件的影响,建立贵阳红黏土剪切过程中弹性变形演化的数学关系式,并与试验结果进行对比验证,拟合度达95%以上;采用等效塑性剪切应变作为塑性内变量,对贵阳红黏土剪切全过程强度损伤特性进行研究,发现其胶结强度不断损失,而摩擦强度不断增加;且随着含水率的增加,内摩擦角的变化范围为21.8°~16.1°,黏聚力的变化范围为83.7~57.5 kPa。研究成果可为路基压实及考虑加卸载工况的土坡稳定性评价提供理论指导。 相似文献
19.
针对非饱和重塑黏土,利用改进的非饱和土静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在固结排水（CD）条件下进行了应力控制式分级加载的循环三轴试验,通过对试验结果的对比分析,探讨了初始固结压力和基质吸力(孔隙气压力Ua与孔隙水压力Uw之差)对非饱和土动应力-动应变关系特性的影响。以此为基础,将Hardin-Drnerich等价黏弹性模型和Masing加卸载准则进行了改进,并得到了可以考虑基质吸力的非饱和黏土的等价黏弹性模型。进而对试验数据与模型预测结果进行比较,结果表明这种改进的非饱和土等价黏弹性模型能较好预测各种基质吸力下非饱和土的动应力-动应变关系。 相似文献
20.
进行了3种不同粗粒土的常规三轴加载－卸载－再加载的剪切试验,对粗粒土的卸载－再加载的力学特性进行了分析。结果表明：粗粒土存在卸载体缩现象,且随着应力水平的增加,卸载体缩量增加;随着围压的增加,卸载体缩量减小。根据试验数据总结了卸载体缩量与应力水平、围压之间关系式。回弹模量随应力水平的增加呈驼峰型曲线,即应力水平在0.7左右时最大,小于或大于0.7时的弹性模量均较小。平均回弹模量与单调加载时的初始弹性模量的比值随围压呈幂函数降低,母岩硬度大的土料,该比值较大,相反,母岩较软的土料,该比值较小。由单调加载得出的邓肯模型参数k、n和卸载回弹确定的kur、nur的大致关系为kur=(2.64～4.60) 、nur =(0.540～0.885) n。 相似文献
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