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1.
S. Sadiku 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(16):2789-2800
One‐dimensional consolidation analysis of layered soils conventionally entails solving a system of differential equations subject to the flow conditions at the bounding upper and lower surfaces, as well as the continuity conditions at the interface of every pair of contiguous layers. Formidable computational efforts are required to solve the ensuing transcendental equations expressing the matching conditions at the interfaces, using this method. In this paper, the jump discontinuities in the flow parameters upon crossing from one layer to the other have been systematically built into a single partial differential equation governing the space–time variation of the excess pore pressure in the entire composite medium, by the use of the Heaviside distribution. Despite the presence of the discontinuities in the coefficients of the differential equation, a closed‐form solution in the sense of an infinite generalized Fourier series is obtained, in addition to which is the development of a Green's function for the differential problem. The eigenfunctions of the composite medium are the coordinate functions of the series, obtained computationally through the application of the extended equations of Galerkin. The analysis has been illustrated by solving the consolidation problem of a four‐layer composite, and the results obtained agree very well with the results obtained by previous researchers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Interface damage and delamination is usually accompanied by frictional slip at contacting interfaces under compressive normal stress. The present work is concerned with an analysis of progressive interface failure using the cohesive crack model with the critical stress softening and frictional traction present at the contact. Both monotonic and cyclic loadings are considered for anti‐plane shear of an elastic plate bonded to a rigid substrate by means of cohesive interface. An analytical solution can be obtained by neglecting the effect of minor shear stress component. The analysis of progressive delamination process revealed three solution types, namely: short, medium and long plate solutions. The long plate solution was obtained under an assumption of quasistatic progressive growth of the delamination zone. In view of snap back response, the quasistatic deformation process cannot be executed by either traction or displacement control. The states of frictional slip accompanied by shake down or incremental failure are distinguished in the case of cyclic loading, related to load amplitude and structural dimensions. The analysis provides a reference solution for numerical treatment of more complex cases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
基于冻融交界面直剪试验的冻土斜坡失稳过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨多年冻土区自然斜坡失稳机制,开展了不同含水率黏土、粉土、砂土的土-冰交界面直接剪切试验和相应融土的直接剪切试验。结果表明,砂土和砂土-冰冻融交界面剪切应力-变形特性主要表现为弹性变形,且剪应力存在明显峰值;粉土、黏土及相应的冻融交界面在很小的变形范围内表现为塑性变形,且剪应力无峰值。水分对砂土活动层抗剪强度影响较弱,表现为水分增高,内摩擦角小幅降低。水分对粉黏土活动层抗剪强度影响剧烈,表现为水分增高,粉黏土黏聚力急剧减小。研究发现,冻土区斜坡失稳更易发生于细颗粒粉黏土中。相对于粉土,粉土-冰冻融交界面抵抗剪切变形的能力更强,粉土斜坡潜在滑动面更易发育在冻融交界面上层附近;相对于黏土,黏土-冰冻融交界面抵抗剪切变形的能力更弱,黏土斜坡更易在冻融交界面处发生滑动。同时,细粒土斜坡极易在达到最大融化深度前提前失稳,斜坡坡度越高,失稳时间越提前。融化期活动层水分增多导致潜在滑动面黏聚力降低是细粒土冻土斜坡失稳的最主要原因,孔隙水压对冻土斜坡具有一定影响,在稳定性评价时要考虑活动层水位的影响。 相似文献
4.
Deformation of a poroelastic layer overlying an elastic half‐space due to dip‐slip faulting 
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下载免费PDF全文 An analytical solution of the plane strain problem of the deformation of a homogeneous, isotropic, poroelastic layer of uniform thickness overlying a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic half‐space due to two‐dimensional seismic sources buried in the elastic half‐space has been obtained. The integral expressions for the displacements, stresses and pore pressure have been obtained using the stress function approach by applying suitable boundary conditions at the free surface and the interface. The solution obtained is in the Laplace–Fourier transform domain. The case of a vertical dip‐slip line dislocation for the oceanic crust model of Earth is studied in detail. Schapery's formula is used for the Laplace inversion and the extended Simpson's formula for the Fourier inversion. Diffusion of pore pressure in the layer is studied numerically. Contour maps showing the pore pressure in the poroelastic layer have been plotted. The effect of the compressibility of the solid and fluid constituents on pore pressure has also been studied. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
典型垃圾填埋场衬垫系统由土/土工膜、土工膜/土工织物等多个界面组成,这些界面抗剪强度低,成为潜在的滑裂面,容易使填埋场发生沿界面的失稳破坏。本文根据大量土/土工膜界面直剪试验的研究,针对该界面的变形机理和应变软化特性,在前人研究的基础上确定了接触面的厚度,定义了接触面的切向应变和法向应变,将界面的变形分为3个阶段:弹性阶段,塑性阶段和残余阶段。同时提出了适合于土与土工膜界面的弹塑性本构模型。该本构模型参数较少,物理意义明确,运用简单方便。最后,结合Filz接触面直剪试验和钱学德单剪试验的结果,将通过该模型得到的拟合结果与之进行了对比验证分析。研究结果表明:本文提出的土与土工膜界面弹塑性本构模型是合理可行的,且建模方便,适用于工程实践。 相似文献
6.
Displacement ring load Green's functions for saturated porous transversely isotropic tri‐material full‐space 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on the Biot's poroelastic theory and using scalar potential functions both the ring load and point load displacement Green's functions for a transversely isotropic saturated porous full‐space composed of an upper half‐space, a finite thickness middle layer and a lower half‐space is analytically presented for the first time. It is assumed that each region consists of a different transversely isotropic material. The equations of poroelastodymanics in terms of the solid displacements and the pore fluid pressure are uncoupled with the help of two scalar potential functions, so that the governing equations for the potential functions are either a second order wave equation or a repeated wave‐heat transfer equation of sixth order. With the aid of Fourier expansion with respect to circumferential direction and Hankel integral transforms with respect to the radial direction in cylindrical coordinate system, the response is determined in the form of line integrals in the real space, followed by theorem of inverse Hankel integral transforms. The solutions degenerate to a single phase elastic material, and the results are compared with previous studies, where an excellent agreement may be observed with the results provided in the literature. Some examples of displacement Green's functions are finally given to illustrate the solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(3):231-234
We study some effects that produce 3D topographical irregularities under incoming elastic waves from point sources using the indirect boundary element method. This technique is based on the representation of elastic waves in terms of single-layer boundary sources. In this way reflected and diffracted waves are constructed at the boundaries from where they are radiated by means of boundary sources. The field emited from the point source is computed with the moment tensor for a shear dislocation and analytical expressions of the elastodynamic 3D Green's functions. In this way we can construct a double couple with variable orientation. We compare the technique with that of Bouchon, who used the discrete wave number method for a shear dislocation in a halfspace with a triangular source function. We subsequently apply our method to simulate the seismic response of a mountain of ellipsoidal geometry. The source function that we have considered is a triangular pulse and we show results corresponding to the velocity registered over the surface of the irregularity and that of the halfspace. This motion is presented by means of snapshots showing the evolution of the wavefields that are present in the problem. 相似文献
8.
Three‐dimensional time‐harmonic fundamental solutions for a fluid‐saturated poroelastic half‐space with partially permeable free surface 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By virtue of a pair of scalar potentials for the displacement of the solid skeleton and the pore fluid pressure field of a saturated poroelastic medium, an alternative solution method to the Helmholtz decomposition is developed for the wave propagation problems in the framework of Biot's theory. As an application, a comprehensive solution for three‐dimensional response of an isotropic poroelastic half‐space with a partially permeable hydraulic free surface under an arbitrarily distributed time‐harmonic internal force field and fluid sources is developed. The Green's functions for the poroelastic fields, corresponding to point, ring, and disk loads, are reduced to semi‐infinite complex‐valued integrals that can be evaluated numerically by an appropriate quadrature scheme. Analytical and numerical comparisons are made with existing elastic and poroelastic solutions to illustrate the quality and features of the solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Interaction of a cylindrical thin‐walled pile with an inhomogeneous isotropic elastic medium 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents a rigorous analysis for the static interaction of a cylindrical thin‐walled pile with an inhomogeneous isotropic elastic half‐space under vertical, horizontal, and torsional forces individually applied at the top of pile. The inhomogeneity is specified with the exponential variation of shear modulus along depth of the embedding medium, and the Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant. By means of a set of Green's functions for pile and soil medium and satisfying the compatibility conditions between the 2 interacting media, the formulation is reduced to coupled Fredholm integral equations. Using the adaptive‐gradient elements, capable of capturing the singular stress transfer at both ends of the pile, a numerical procedure is developed and utilized for evaluating the relevant integral equations and studying the inhomogeneity effect on the soil‐pile interaction responses. The analysis results have been validated for different soil‐pile modulus ratios under axial load and for a Poisson's ratio of 0.3 under lateral load. The procedure does not consider the nonlinear behavior of the soil medium or plastic yielding in the pile section, and the impact of the unreliable results for the case of high Poisson's ratio is not examined. 相似文献
10.
基材土-岩接触面剪切力学性能是生态护坡体系长久稳定的关键,相关研究可为解决基材脱落难题、完善生态防护技术体系提供必要依据和指导。采用自制的原位剪切仪对4种不同粗糙起伏的基材土-岩接触面进行了原位剪切试验,结果表明,基材土-岩接触面剪切应力-位移表现出典型的软化特性,具有明显的初始线弹性变形、弹塑性变形、峰后软化以及残余剪切变形4个阶段。分析发现,文中试验条件下凸起高度算数平均偏差Ra在4 mm以下时,峰值剪切强度增加速度较快,随后呈逐渐减弱趋势;残余剪切强度、峰值剪切位移以及进入残余阶段的剪切位移与粗糙凸起高度算数平均偏差呈近线性正相关关系。可见实施生态护坡时合理地控制坡面粗糙起伏,有助于提高土-岩接触面峰值剪切强度和残余剪切强度,改善其变形性能,对防护体系的长期整体稳定具有促进作用。 相似文献
11.
The occurrence of foliated rock masses is common in mining environment. Methods employing continuum approximation in describing the deformation of such rock masses possess a clear advantage over methods where each rock layer and each inter‐layer interface (joint) is explicitly modelled. In devising such a continuum model it is imperative that moment (couple) stresses and internal rotations associated with the bending of the rock layers be properly incorporated in the model formulation. Such an approach will lead to a Cosserat‐type theory. In the present model, the behaviour of the intact rock layer is assumed to be linearly elastic and the joints are assumed to be elastic–perfectly plastic. Condition of slip at the interfaces are determined by a Mohr–Coulomb criterion with tension cut off at zero normal stress. The theory is valid for large deformations. The model is incorporated into the finite element program AFENA and validated against an analytical solution of elementary buckling problems of a layered medium under gravity loading. A design chart suitable for assessing the stability of slopes in foliated rock masses against flexural buckling failure has been developed. The design chart is easy to use and provides a quick estimate of critical loading factors for slopes in foliated rock masses. It is shown that the model based on Euler's buckling theory as proposed by Cavers (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 1981; 14 :87–104) substantially overestimates the critical heights for a vertical slope and underestimates the same for sub‐vertical slopes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
This paper presents a numerical study of fracturing process induced by excavation around a gallery using an extended rigid block spring method (RBSM). The surrounding rock mass is characterized by an assembly of rigid blocks based on a degraded Voronoi diagram. The macroscopic mechanical behavior of rock is related to that of interfaces between blocks. The mechanical behavior of each interface is described by its elastic stiffness and failure criterion. The failure process of interface is controlled by both normal stress and shear stress. Both tensile and shear failures are considered. The macroscopic fracturing process is described by the coalescence of cracked interfaces. The rock structural anisotropy is taken into account through a spatial variation of elastic stiffness and failure strength of interfaces. A series of sensitivity studies are performed to investigate effects of gallery orientation, failure strength of interfaces and rock structural anisotropy on gallery deformation and fracturing. Numerical results are compared with in-situ observations in terms of fracture patterns. 相似文献
13.
The paper presents closed‐form solutions for stress and displacement influence functions for stress discontinuity (SD) and displacement discontinuity (DD) elements, for a two‐dimensional plane‐strain elastic, transversely anisotropic medium. The solutions for SD elements are based on Kelvin's problem and for DD elements on the concept of dipoles. Stress and displacement influence functions are derived for the following elements: constant SD, linear SD, constant DD, linear DD, square root DD, parabolic DD, constant DD surface, and linear DD surface elements. The formulations are incorporated into FROCK, a hybridized boundary element method code, and are validated by providing comparisons between the results from FROCK and the finite element code ABAQUS. A limited parametric analysis shows the effects of slight anisotropy on the stress field around the tip of a crack and of the orientation of the crack with respect to the axes of elastic symmetry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
A novel approach is proposed to deal with the problem of wave scattering and diffraction of subsurface cavities embedded in stratified half-space. The subsurface cavity with complex surroundings is treated as a substructure. The continuity condition at the interface between the substructure and the far field of stratified half-space is maintained by applying a free-field approach. As the boundary of the free-field ground is regular, the construction of the dynamic matrices and the evaluation of the wave input on the interface become considerably easier. Based on the previous work with some improvement, a novel approach for evaluation of Green's functions in stratified half-space is presented. The wave equation is decoupled into the one for SV-P wave components and the other one for SH wave component. The precise integration technique ensures high accuracy of the solution of wave equations. The layer merging technique and the dual form equation make it possible to obtain Green's function in closed-form solution of matrix equations. Numerical examples validate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach. 相似文献
15.
The role of interface friction is studied by slow direct shear tests and rapid shaking table experiments in the context of dynamic slope stability analysis in three dimensions. We propose an analytical solution for dynamic, single and double face sliding and use it to validate 3D‐DDA. Single face results are compared with Newmark's solution and double face results are compared with shaking table experiments performed on a concrete tetrahedral wedge model, the interface friction of which is determined by constant velocity and velocity stepping, direct shear tests. A very good agreement between Newmark's method on one hand and our 3D analytical solution and 3D‐DDA on the other is observed for single plane sliding with 3D‐DDA exhibiting high sensitivity to the choice of numerical penalty value. The results of constant and variable velocity direct shear tests reveal that the tested concrete interface exhibits velocity weakening. This is confirmed by shaking table experiments where friction degradation upon multiple cycles of shaking culminated in wedge run out. The measured shaking table results are fitted with our 3D analytical solution to obtain a remarkable linear logarithmic relationship between friction coefficient and sliding velocity that remains valid for five orders of magnitude of sliding velocity. We conclude that the velocity‐dependent friction across rock discontinuities should be integrated into dynamic rock slope analysis to obtain realistic results when strong ground motions are considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
砂土液化流动变形的简化方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
已有的液化砂土流动特性试验结果表明,砂土在液化流动状态下是剪切稀化非牛顿流体,可以用幂函数表示其剪应力-剪应变率的关系,从而建立了砂土液化流动的本构方程。基于FLAC3D程序的二次开发平台,将液化流动本构方程开发到FLAC3D中,建立了液化流动变形的简化分析方法。通过倾斜场地的液化流动变形分析,发现倾斜场地的液化变形曲线可以用正弦函数曲线描述,这与Towhata的理论分析成果一致,验证了本方法的合理性。分析了液化层坡度、稠度系数、流动指数以及弹性参数等变量对液化变形的影响。计算结果表明,液化变形随液化层坡度的增大而逐渐增大,液化砂土的稠度系数和流动指数对液化流动变形有重要的影响,而弹性参数对变形基本无影响,因此,在实际工程分析中,需要对流动模型参数进行深入研究。 相似文献
17.
我国黄土高原地区黄土沉积覆盖于新近系三趾马红土之上,形成具有胶结的异质土界面。为研究黏结强度对黄土–三趾马红土界面抗剪强度与变形特性影响,开展其剪切力学试验研究,探讨界面间黏结强度对界面破坏模式、界面变形与抗剪强度特性影响规律。结果表明:(1) 有无界面黏结导致异质土界面试样破坏模式不同,界面黏结增大了试样沿界面间的滑动阻力,试样剪切破坏更趋于剪断模式,剪断面损伤程度也越高;(2) 异质土界面剪应力–剪应变曲线均呈应变软化型,有无界面黏结导致界面试样剪切变形特征不同,有界面黏结试样剪切破坏位移大,峰值强度后剪应力降低幅值大,试样脆性剪断破坏特征越显著;(3) 剪切过程中异质土界面产生明显的竖向剪胀变形,有界面黏结试样竖向剪切位移小,且其随界面粗糙度、法向应力变化幅值小;(4) 异质土界面抗剪强度呈非线性变化,界面黏结存在显著提升了界面试样抗剪强度。当异质土界面间粗糙度较低时,黏结强度对界面试样抗剪强度提升幅度大;当异质土界面间粗糙度高时,黏结强度对界面试样抗剪强度的提升幅度下降,此时界面抗剪强度主要受控于界面两侧土体抗剪强度。 相似文献
18.
Scattering of an elastic wave by a cylindrical shell embedded in poroelastic medium is investigated theoretically with the assumption that the shell material is also a porous elastic medium. The porous medium is modellized via Biot's theory and the scattering by cylindrical shell is expressed by the definition of scattering matrix. The normal mode expansion technique is employed for analysing the scattering field, and the asymptotic solutions of displacements, stresses and pore pressure are derived. Two limiting cases‐scattering by a poroelastic cylinder in Biot medium and a elastic cylindrical shell in elastic medium are obtained from the general solutions. The dispersion curves of displacement amplitude at the interface of shell and medium is compared with the case of elastic shell. The scattering amplitude associated with the fast, slow and transverse waves are identified by numerical simulation. Furthermore, the influence of the poroelastic property of shell material on scattering amplitude is analysed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
This paper reports the limitation of the conventional Bishop's simplified method to calculate the safety factor of slopes stabilized with anchors, and proposes a new approach to considering the reinforcing effect of anchors on the safety factor. The reinforcing effect of anchors can be explained using an additional shearing resistance on the slip surface. A three‐dimensional shear strength reduction finite element method (SSRFEM), where soil–anchor interactions were simulated by three‐dimensional zero‐thickness elasto‐plastic interface elements, was used to calculate the safety factor of slopes stabilized with anchors to verify the reinforcing mechanism of anchors. The results of SSRFEM were compared with those of the conventional and proposed approaches for Bishop's simplified method for various orientations, positions, and spacings of anchors, and shear strengths of soil–grouted body interfaces. For the safety factor, the proposed approach compared better with SSRFEM than the conventional approach. The additional shearing resistance can explain the influence of the orientation, position, and spacing of anchors, and the shear strength of soil–grouted body interfaces on the safety factor of slopes stabilized with anchors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
This paper examines the torsional response of a rigid pier type foundation, with a non-uniform or hollow cross-section which is embedded in bonded contact with a layered elastic half space. The tractions which act at the axisymmetric boundary surface between the pier and the surrounding elastic medium are represented by discretized regions of uniform traction. The compatibility of deformation at the boundary is used to determine the interface stress distribution. The torque-rotation response for the, rigid pier foundation is obtained for different choices of the pier geometry and shear modulus mistnatch between the layer and the underlying half space. 相似文献