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1.
新疆大地构造演化基本特征 总被引：63，自引：12，他引：51
新疆大地构造发展演化经历了 :1.古陆核及原始古陆的形成与解体 ;2 .元古宙末期( 80 0～ 90 0 Ma)联合古陆的形成 ;3.震旦—奥陶纪联合古陆裂解、古亚洲洋形成 ;4 .志留—泥盆纪古亚洲洋俯冲、消减 ;5.泥盆—早二叠世古特提斯洋打开 ,西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔、塔里木板块聚合 ,亚洲北大陆形成 ,陆内裂陷或有限小洋盆发生 ;6.晚二叠—三叠纪北特提斯拉张成洋 ,由冈瓦纳分离出来的冈底斯中间板块于三叠纪末沿中特提斯洋拼贴于羌塘 (华南 )板块之上 ,并沿北特提斯洋 (康西瓦 )与亚洲北大陆聚合 ;7.侏罗纪班公错—怒江板内洋盆打开 ,晚侏罗世闭合 ;8.白垩—第三纪印度板块向北俯冲 ,拼贴于欧亚大陆南缘。由于陆内俯冲 ,山脉迅速抬升并向盆地推覆 ,形成了新疆复杂的构造格局 相似文献
2.
华北与西伯利亚地块碰撞时代的古地磁分析——兼论苏鲁-大别超高压变质作用的构造起因 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对华北和西伯利亚地块进行了古纬度和纬度运移量的对比分析,结合古生物地理、同位素年代学等地质数据,确定了两地块的运动特征,相应地,确定了位于两地块间中亚洋盆最终闭合时代,并与苏鲁-大别山地区的超高压变质岩的峰期变质时代进行了对比.结果表明:①西伯利亚地块于晚泥盆世开始快速向北漂移,分隔华北和西伯利亚地块的中亚洋在晚泥盆世至晚石炭世期间已经存在;②早二叠世西伯利亚地块开始快速向南漂移,并于二叠纪末期(～250 Ma)和华北地块发生碰撞;③早二叠世,中亚洋纬度宽度约39°;④苏鲁-大别山地区的超高压变质岩的形成 相似文献
3.
内蒙古中部索伦-林西缝合带封闭时代的古地磁分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
索伦-林西缝合带被认为是华北和西伯利亚地块间中亚洋（或古亚洲洋）最后闭合的界线。利用华北和西伯利亚地块的古地磁数据对比分析,结合相关地质资料,对两地块的碰撞拼合历史,以及位于两地块间相应的中亚洋盆最终闭合时代进行了分析。结果表明：(1)分隔华北和西伯利亚地块的中亚洋在晚泥盆世至晚石炭世期间进一步张开,纬度宽度扩大,大约在早二叠世初期,中亚洋达到最大纬度宽度,约39°;(2)早二叠世以后西伯利亚地块开始快速向南漂移,二叠纪末期（～250 Ma）和华北地块发生碰撞,导致索伦-林西缝合带的形成。 相似文献
4.
北亚造山区南部及其毗邻地区地壳构造分区与构造演化 总被引：58，自引：0，他引：58
基于板块构造理论和已有资料的综合研究,建议把北亚造山区南部及其毗邻地区地壳构造单元划分为西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦、布列亚-佳木斯、塔里木和中朝等5个古板块,每个古板块再可以进一步划分为古陆和古陆缘区,并简要讨论了各个古板块的组成和演化以及蒙古弧、准噶尔盆地基底和北山与毗邻地区关系等几个重大地质构造问题;提出了蒙古-鄂霍茨克碰撞带不是古板块缝合带、华北北缘是一条复合造山带而不是克拉通、在晚古生代存在一个大华北古陆、北亚造山区前身洋盆包括中元古代大陆裂解形成的古太平洋和新元古代大陆裂解形成的古亚洲洋等新认识。 相似文献
5.
东天山大地构造及演化--1:50万东天山大地构造图简要说明 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：30
以东天山地区古生代沉积建造分析为基础,探讨了该区古生代以来的大地构造格局和演化历程。认为该区震旦－泥盆纪具板块构造格局,石炭纪－早二叠世属碰撞期后的板内裂谷和裂陷槽。提出早古生代早中期该区曾古亚洲洋中的一个古老陆块（隶属准噶尔地块）,随着阿尔曼特洋盆和米什沟－干沟洋盆关闭,拼接到阿尔泰古陆边缘,成为西伯利亚古大陆的增生边缘。志留纪－早泥盆世沿卡拉麦里一带再次裂解,形成了卡拉麦里有限洋盆,将南准噶尔地块从西伯利亚大陆边缘割裂开来。随着卡拉麦里洋盆的向南俯冲,造成了东天山地区大南湖一带的泥盆纪岛弧杂岩带,构成了东天山地区斑岩铜矿的含矿岩系,中泥盆世末卡拉麦里洋盆关闭。早石炭世进入碰撞期后板内伸展阶段,形成一系列裂陷槽和裂谷,晚二叠世开始进入陆内造山阶段。新生代随着印度板块同欧亚大陆的碰撞,开始隆升。 相似文献
6.
本文初步综述了超大陆研究的一些新成果。超大陆的拼贴和裂解一般与地球深部作用有关；各超大陆旋回的持续时间不一，不具周期性。Rodinia超大陆形成于中元古代晚期的格伦威尔造山期（1050Ma），后在新元古代晚期（725Ma）裂解。在新元古代早期，塔里木地块可能与澳大利亚的Kimberley地区相连，华南地块位于东澳大利亚和劳伦古陆之间而华北地块与劳伦古陆西北角和西伯利亚相邻；到新元古代末，这三个地块都从Rodinia超大陆中分离出来，在寒武纪至泥盆纪时与冈瓦那大陆的澳大利亚边缘靠近。冈瓦纳超大陆是在Rcdinia超大陆解体后，由太古-元古代克拉通重新组合，并有中元古代活动带碎块的拼贴而成，其完成聚合的时间大约是早古生代（约500Ma）。 相似文献
7.
西藏西南部达巴-休古嘎布蛇绿岩带的形成与演化 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
:该蛇绿岩带的岩体由地幔橄榄岩组成,主要岩石类型是方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,缺少典型蛇绿岩剖面中的洋壳单元.微量元素和稀土元素特征显示蛇绿岩形成于类似洋中脊的构造环境.笔者提出该区蛇绿岩来源于印度大陆北缘洋盆的洋壳碎片,这个陆缘洋盆与新特提斯洋主体的形成和演化准同步.洋盆的演化模式是:早三叠世,随着印度(冈瓦纳)大陆向南漂移,其北部边缘因引张裂解产生裂谷,于晚三叠世向东开口与新特提斯洋主体连通,洋盆初具洋壳性质,北侧形成阿依拉-仲巴微陆块.侏罗-白垩纪为洋盆洋壳演化期,处于类似洋中脊的构造环境.晚白垩世末洋盆开始闭合.在新特提斯洋板块向北俯冲消减过程中,阿依拉-仲巴微陆块、陆缘洋盆和印度大陆一起随着向北漂移,在印度大陆向北挤压作用下洋盆逐渐收缩以致最终闭合. 相似文献
8.
古亚洲洋与古特提斯洋关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从板块构造研究中国古生代洋陆关系和构造-岩浆-成矿作用,离不开对古亚洲洋和古特提斯洋的关系判断,特别是对于中国西北部的研究,两个古生代大洋形成演化和关系是理清重要地质构造和成矿事件的关键。本文认为早古生代的原特提斯洋与古亚洲洋应连为一体,合称古亚洲-原特提斯洋,简称古亚洲洋。古亚洲洋是发育于早古生代劳亚大陆与冈瓦纳大陆之间的大洋,金川超大型铜镍矿床的形成是元古宙罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解三叉裂谷开启大洋的开始,塔里木陆块作为古亚洲洋南岸的一个陆块,早古生代的昆仑洋、祁连洋和秦岭洋只是古亚洲洋的分支或次生洋盆,这些次生洋盆于志留纪末闭合,古亚洲洋主洋则直到晚古生代泥盆纪末才闭合。石炭纪天山及邻区是古亚洲洋闭合后板块构造后碰撞机制与地幔柱作用提供热动力的两种地球动力学机制并存的构造背景,为大规模壳幔混合(染)岩浆作用和成矿爆发提供了可能。古特提斯洋是古亚洲洋在晚古生代的发展和继承,东昆仑夏日哈木超大型铜镍矿床的产生是冈瓦纳大陆北侧志留纪末破裂三叉裂谷开启大洋的开始,塔里木和华北等泛华夏陆块群构成了古特提斯洋北岸陆缘,石炭纪大洋形成,西昆仑玛尔坎苏大型优质锰矿可能就形成于大洋北侧被动大陆边缘的浅海或陆表海,成矿物质则很可能来自于同时代的大洋中脊。德尔尼大型铜钴矿为晚石炭世大洋中脊塞浦路斯型块状硫化物矿床。而铜峪沟大型铜矿和大场大型金矿等则分别为古特提斯洋消减俯冲岛弧岩浆作用矽卡岩-斑岩矿床和浅成低温热液矿床。中三叠世末古特提斯洋闭合。 相似文献
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中亚造山带东段位于西伯利亚和华北克拉通之间，经历了多构造体系叠加和多旋回洋陆转换的复杂演化过程，目前大量研究均以构造带为核心来限定区域构造格局，但一直争议较大。本文以构造单元的构造属性及其形成过程为主线，结合区域构造带演化，重新厘定了中国东北地区基本构造格局，建立了中国东北山弯构造演化模型。研究表明，古生代时期中国东北地区的主要构造单元由两个具前寒武纪基底的古老地块——额尔古纳地块和佳木斯地块及其张广才岭陆缘弧与两个古生代增生地体——兴安增生地体和松辽增生地体组成，其间由古亚洲洋分支新林- 喜桂图洋、贺根山- 嫩江洋、龙凤山洋和索伦洋分割。早古生代，西部额尔古纳地块东南部为西太平洋型活动陆缘，发育有嘎仙- 吉峰- 环宇洋内弧和头道桥等洋岛，~500 Ma随着新林- 喜桂图洋的关闭，这些洋内弧和洋岛拼贴增生至额尔古纳地块东南缘。随后贺根山- 嫩江洋的俯冲和后撤形成了一系列沟- 弧- 盆体系，持续的俯冲导致弧陆碰撞和陆缘增生，形成兴安增生地体的主体。同时，东部佳木斯地块西侧发育有龙凤山洋的安第斯型俯冲活动陆缘，形成了张广才岭陆缘弧。伴随着各大洋的俯冲和陆缘增生，额尔古纳地块和佳木斯地块以及它们的陆缘增生带构成了一个早古生代近东西向展布的地块链。南部以锡林浩特- 龙江微地块为核心发生陆缘俯冲，形成松辽增生地体雏形。索伦洋发生双向俯冲，并通过弧陆碰撞产生陆缘增生。晚古生代，伴随着古亚洲洋的北向俯冲和后撤，早期形成的地块链逐渐发生向南弯曲。二叠纪末期—中三叠世古亚洲洋俯冲消减闭合以及西北部蒙古- 鄂霍茨克洋和东部泛大洋的俯冲挤压，导致地块链进一步弯曲，同时，早期的古老地块、增生地体、弧岩浆岩、沉积建造等发生汇聚，最终形成一个以额尔古纳地块和兴安增生地体为西翼，佳木斯地块和张广才岭陆缘弧为东翼，松辽增生地体为核心的大规模山弯构造——中国东北山弯构造。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(6)
本文系统总结了东北亚早中生代火成岩的岩石组合及其空间变异,讨论了古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下俯冲作用开始的时间和早中生代岩浆作用与古亚洲洋构造体系、蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造体系以及扬子与华北克拉通俯冲碰撞作用之间的关系。东北亚早中生代岩浆作用划分成3期:早-中三叠世、晚三叠世和早侏罗世。额尔古纳地块上早中生代钙碱性岩浆作用揭示了蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板块南向俯冲作用的发生;华北克拉通北缘三叠纪碱性和双峰式岩浆作用揭示了古亚洲洋最终闭合后的伸展环境;吉黑东部晚三叠世A型流纹岩、双峰式岩浆作用与稳定陆缘沉积一起暗示了伸展环境和被动陆缘背景,而早侏罗世钙碱性岩浆作用及其成分极性与陆缘增生杂岩一起揭示了古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下俯冲作用的开始。 相似文献
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The Proto-Tethys was a significant post-Rodinia breakup ocean that eventually vanished during the Paleozoic. The closure timing and amalgamation history of numerous microblocks within this ocean remain uncertain, while the Early Paleozoic strata on the northern margin of the Yangtze Block archive valuable information about the evolution of the Shangdan Ocean, the branch of the Proto-Tethys. By comparing the detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data from Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian sedimentary rocks in the northern Yangtze Block with adjacent blocks, it was found that detrital zircons in Cambrian strata exhibit a prominent age peak at ∼ 900–700 Ma, which indicates that the primary source of clastic material in the basin was the uplifted inner and margin regions of the Yangtze Block. In the Silurian, abundant detrital material from the North Qinling Block was transported to the basin due to the continuous subduction and eventual closure of the Shangdan Ocean. This process led to two distinct age peaks at ∼500–400 Ma and ∼900–700 Ma, indicating a bidirectional provenance contribution from both the North Qinling Block and the Yangtze Block. This shift demonstrates that the initial collision between these two blocks occurred no later than the Silurian. The northern Yangtze Basin transitioned from a passive continental margin basin in the Cambrian to a peripheral foreland basin in the Silurian. Major blocks in East Asia, including South Tarim, North Qilian, North Qinling, and North Yangtze, underwent peripheral subduction and magmatic activity to varying degrees during the late Early Paleozoic, signifying the convergence and rapid contraction of microplates within northern Gondwana and the Proto-Tethys Ocean. These findings provide new insights on the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. 相似文献
12.
新疆中天山古生代侵入岩浆序列及构造演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆中天山构造岩浆带是中亚造山带的重要组成部分,广泛分布着古生代花岗质侵入体。本研究重点对中天山南缘巴音布鲁克及巴伦台地区的花岗质侵入体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,并获得了岩体侵位年龄由老到新分别为463±3Ma(石英闪长岩)、437±5Ma(石英闪长岩)、424±3Ma(二长花岗岩)、383±4Ma(二长花岗岩)、356±3Ma(二长花岗岩)和303±5Ma(正长花岗岩)。综合区域地质分析认为,中天山古生代侵入岩浆活动可分为四个构造岩浆演化阶段:(1)晚寒武世—晚奥陶世阶段,Terskey洋盆和南天山洋盆自新元古代打开形成广阔洋盆,Terskey洋盆在晚寒武世开始初次俯冲,于晚奥陶世洋盆闭合,南天山洋盆于早奥陶世初次俯冲,具有自西向东、由早到晚的俯冲特点;(2)早志留世—中泥盆世阶段,南天山洋盆持续向北俯冲,该阶段北天山洋开始向南侧俯冲,在伊犁地块北缘形成了弧岩浆;(3)晚泥盆世—早石炭世阶段,南天山洋盆闭合于晚泥盆世末期,在早石炭世中晚期进入残余洋盆演化阶段;(4)晚石炭世—早二叠世阶段,该阶段为后碰撞伸展环境,区域上为陆内演化阶段。 相似文献
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R. Damian Nance Gabriel Guti errez-Alonso J. Duncan Keppie Ulf Linnemann J. Brendan Murphy Cecilio Quesa Rob A. Strachan Nigel H. Woodcock 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(2):125-135
The Rheic Ocean was one of the most important oceans of the Paleozoic Era.It lay between Laurentia and Gondwana from the Early Ordovician and closed to produce the vast Ouachita-Alleghanian -Variscan orogen during the assembly of Pangea.Rifting began in the Cambrian as a continuation of Neoproterozoic orogenic activity and the ocean opened in the Early Ordovician with the separation of several Neoproterozoic arc terranes from the continental margin of northern Gondwana along the line of a former suture.The rapid rate of ocean opening suggests it was driven by slab pull in the outboard lapetus Ocean.The ocean reached its greatest width with the closure of lapetus and the accretion of the periGondwanan arc terranes to Laurentia in the Silurian.Ocean closure began in the Devonian and continued through the Mississippian as Gondwana sutured to Laurussia to form Pangea.The ocean consequently plays a dominant role in the Appalachian-Ouachita orogeny of North America,in the basement geology of southern Europe,and in the Paleozoic sedimentary,structural and tectonothermal record from Middle America to the Middle East.Its closure brought the Paleozoic Era to an end. 相似文献
15.
南秦岭勉略古缝合带非史密斯地层和古海洋新知 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
南秦岭勉略古缝合带是一个构造混杂岩型非史密斯地层区,由不同时代的原地地层系统和异地地层系统的构造岩片构成。泥盆纪—石炭纪硅质岩的常量元素、稀土元素分析结果指示了勉略小洋盆的存在。区域背景分析表明晚震旦世到早寒武世,南秦岭为扬子板块北部边缘的一部分,中、晚寒武世以后开始分裂形成南秦岭裂陷槽。该海槽于中、晚志留世萎缩但未关闭,泥盆纪又进一步开裂逐渐形成大陆边缘裂谷盆地,晚泥盆世后期到早石炭世早期形成一开放小洋盆。早石炭世后期出现洋壳俯冲,从而转化为活动大陆边缘盆地。该洋盆可能持续到二叠纪,并于印支期最终关闭、碰撞和造山。 相似文献
16.
柴达木盆地构造古地理分析 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
研究的目的是分析柴达木盆地显生宙构造古地理特征和盆地叠合过程。在寒武纪—泥盆纪 ,柴达木板块处于低纬度区 ,从寒武纪时的南纬 4 1°往北漂移到泥盆纪时的北纬 10 6° ,与塔里木、华北、扬子等块体有较大的纬度差 ,表明柴达木板块在该时期是一个并不隶属于其它任何板块的独立的块体 :与华北板块之间以北祁连洋相隔 ,与塔里木板块之间以阿尔金洋相隔 ,与中昆仑地块之间以东昆仑洋相隔 ,柴达木板块内部也被赛什腾—锡铁山洋所分隔。这些洋盆经历了寒武纪—早、中奥陶世张裂阶段和晚奥陶世—早、中泥盆世聚敛阶段 ,最终于中泥盆世末期闭合。该时期在柴达木盆地内部 ,叠合在震旦纪大陆裂谷盆地之上的是寒武—奥陶纪台地—陆棚相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩建造 ,生物发育 ;志留纪—早、中泥盆世柴达木盆地以隆起为特征。石炭纪—三叠纪柴达木板块继续北移 ,石炭纪时位于北纬 11 9° ,二叠纪时位于北纬 12 7° ,三叠纪时位于北纬 2 2 2° ,该时期柴达木板块已与华北板块、塔里木板块拼合 ,但与羌塘板块之间以南昆仑洋相隔 ,柴达木处于南昆仑洋的弧后部位 ,叠加在早期盆地之上的是石炭纪—早二叠世滨岸—台地—陆棚相碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩夹煤线。晚二叠世—三叠纪柴达木盆地再度隆升。侏罗纪以来 ,柴达木板块缓慢北 相似文献
17.
准噶尔-吐哈地块与伊犁-中天山地块之间分布着多条时代和类型各不相同的古生代蛇绿混杂岩带,前人一般将这些蛇绿混杂岩统一视为北天山洋盆的纪录,并由此推断该洋盆的时代跨度至少始自寒武纪并一直持续到晚石炭世甚至二叠纪。本文基于近几年在东天山地区地质调查工作的新成果,通过新界定的以康古尔塔格-大草滩蛇绿混杂岩带为代表的北天山洋两侧志留纪—泥盆纪活动大陆边缘物源性质和生物古地理对比,对北天山洋的构造属性和演化过程进行了重新厘定。研究揭示,志留纪—早泥盆世,北天山洋两侧的准噶尔-吐哈地块和伊犁-中天山地块分属于不同的物源体系和生物古地理区系,指示该洋盆具有显著的构造古地理分隔意义。至中泥盆世,北天山洋两侧隶属同一生物大区的珊瑚动物群指示该洋盆已演化至残余洋盆阶段;晚泥盆世晚期—早石炭世,天山地区广泛分布的陆相磨拉石-火山岩建造与下伏岩系之间的区域性角度不整合关系以及南北两侧物源的相互贯通说明东天山段的北天山洋已完全闭合,南北陆块的碰撞缝合应发生在此前的晚泥盆世早期(~370 Ma)。
石炭纪—早二叠世,可能受南部南天山洋北向俯冲及板片后撤作用影响,在前期已经碰撞拼合形成的统一准噶尔-
吐哈-中天山地块之上,沿康古尔-雅山一带重新裂解出具不成熟洋壳的康古尔弧后有限洋盆。该有限洋盆存续至
早二叠世早期(~290 Ma)最终闭合,其与北天山洋盆是两个不同阶段不同性质的洋盆体系。 相似文献
18.
During the Early Paleozoic, transgressions and the distribution of sedimentary facies on the northern Gondwana margin were controlled by a regional NNW-SSE to almost north-south striking structural relief. In Early Silurian times, a eustatic highstand enabled the sea to reach its maximum southward extent.The counterclockwise rotation of Gondwana during the Cambrian and Early Ordovician caused the northern Gondwana margin to shift from intertropical to southern polar latitudes in Ordovician times. Glacial and periglacial deposits are reported from many localities in Morocco, Algeria, Niger, Libya, Chad, Sudan, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The Late Ordovician glaciation phase was followed by a period of a major glacioeustatic sea-level rise in the Early Silurian due to the retreat of the ice-cap. As a consequence of the decreasing water circulation in the basin centers (Central Arabia, Murzuk- and Ghadames basins), highly bituminous euxinic shales were deposited. These shales are considered to be the main source rock of Paleozoic oil and gas deposits in parts of Saudi Arabia, Libya and Algeria.The following regression in the southern parts of the Early Silurian sea was probably caused by a second glacial advance, which was mainly restricted to areas in Chad, Sudan and Niger. Evidence for glacial activity and fluvioglacial sedimentation is available from rocks overlying the basal Silurian shale in north-east Chad and north-west Sudan. The Early Silurian ice advance is considered to be responsible for the termination of euxinic shale deposition in the basin centers. 相似文献
19.
DuYuansheng WangJiasheng HanXin ShiGR 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(1):1-7
The Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian North Qilian orogenic belt in northwestern China is an elongate tectonic unit situated between the North China plate in the north and the Qaidam plate in the south. North Qiilan started in the latest Proterozoic to Cambrian as a rift basin an the southern mar-gin of North China, and evolved later to an archipelagic ocean and active continental margin during the Ordovician and a fardand basin from Silurian to the Early and Middle Devonian. The Early Silurian fly-sch and sulmmrine alluvial fan, the Middle to Late Silurian shallow marine to tidal flat deposits and the Early and Middle Devonian terrestrial.molasse are developed along the corridor Nansimn. The shallo-wing-upward succession from subabyssal flysch, shallow marine, tidal flat to terrestrial molasse and its gradually narrowed regional distribution demonstrate that the foreland basin experienced the transition from flysch stake to molasse stake during the Silurian and Devonian time. 相似文献
20.
Tim Pharaoh 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(3):278-328
The surface geology of central England and Belgium obscures a large ‘basement’ massif with a complex history and stronger crust and lithosphere than surrounding regions. The nucleus was forged by subduction-related magmatism at the Gondwana margin in Ediacaran time. Partitioning into a platform, in the English Midlands, and a basin stretching to Belgium, in the east, was already evident in Cambrian/earliest Ordovician time. The accretion of the Monian Composite Terrane during the Penobscotian deformation phase preceded late Tremadocian rifting, and Floian separation, of the Avalonia Terrane from the Gondwana margin. Late Ordovician magmatism in a belt from the Lake District to Belgium records subduction beneath Avalonia of part of the Tornquist Sea. This ‘Western Pacific-style’ oceanic basin closed in latest Ordovician time, uniting Avalonia and Baltica. Closure of the Iapetus Ocean in early Silurian time was soon followed by closure of the Rheic Ocean, recorded by subduction along the southern margin of the massif. The causes of late Caledonian deformation are poorly understood and controversial. Partitioned behaviour of the massif persisted into late Palaeozoic time. Late Devonian and Carboniferous sequences show strong onlap onto the massif, which was little affected by crustal extension. Compressional deformation during the Variscan Orogeny also appears slight, and was focussed in the west where a wedge-shaped mountain foreland uplift was driven by orogenic indentation, splitting the massif from the Welsh Massif along the reactivated Malvern Line. Permian to Mesozoic sequences exhibit persistent but variable degrees of onlap onto the massif. 相似文献