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1.
富金斑岩型铜矿床的基本特征、成矿物质来源与成矿高氧化岩浆-流体演化 总被引：17，自引：12，他引：17
第三纪富金斑岩型铜矿床主要发育于板块汇聚边缘与俯冲作用相关的火山-岩浆弧以及陆缘弧中,而大多数较古老的富金斑岩型铜矿床则主要发育于向大陆边缘增生的岛弧环境中.含矿斑岩的岩性变化范围从低钾钙碱性闪长岩、石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩到高钾钙碱性石英二长岩到碱性的二长岩及正长岩,通常侵位于地壳浅部l～2km处,与同期的火山岩密切共生,并常见热液爆破角砾岩.其围岩蚀变从早到晚依次可分为Ca-Na硅酸盐蚀变、K硅酸盐蚀变、中级泥质蚀变、绢云母化、高级泥质蚀变,而浅部的高级泥质蚀变可以与早期K硅酸盐蚀变同期形成.Cu、Au矿化主要发育在K硅酸盐蚀变带中,矿化与A型脉密切相关,贫钼而富铂族元素.控制富金斑岩型铜矿床形成的几个关键过程包括：（1）源区有大量的Cu、Au等成矿元素;（2）能使Cu、Au等成矿物质有效进入岩浆熔体的机制;（3）合成矿元素的岩浆熔体在从地幔上升到地壳高侵位而形成斑岩体的过程中没有Cu、Au等成矿物质损失;（4）在岩浆上升演化过程中,岩浆挥发份能有效的逸出,并且逸出的时间越早,对成矿越有利;（5）Cu、Au等成矿元素能有效进入岩浆挥发份;（6）在成矿斑岩体上部发育有利的相对封闭机制,阻止岩浆挥发份的逃逸;（7）含Cu、Au成矿流体的有效沉淀机制;（8）具有一个地壳上部的岩浆房,能够不断提供成矿物质和驱动热液循环的热能.要形成大型矿床一般需要多期岩浆脉动侵位与多期矿化热液蚀变事件的叠加.现多倾向认为交代的地幔楔可能是其主要物质来源.而有利于富金斑岩型铜矿床形成的岩浆有钾质钙碱性岩浆、埃达克质岩浆、碱性弧岩浆.俯冲板片脱水形成的流体或者熔融产生熔体提供了上覆地幔楔熔融的高氧逸度条件,这种高氧逸度特征是地幔源区Cu、Au成矿元素能否进入岩浆熔体的重要条件之一.最近研究表明流体的冷却可能是Cu、Au沉淀成矿最主要的因素.本文扼要介绍了富金斑岩型铜矿的矿床地质特征、矿床成因等方面的研究进展,分析了存在的主要问题并对其发展趋势作了展望. 相似文献
2.
中蒙边境及邻区典型斑岩型铜矿地球化学特征概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据前人对中蒙边境各典型斑岩型铜矿床的研究成果,对中蒙边境古亚洲洋成矿域内典型斑岩型铜矿床的含矿岩体进行了地球化学探讨,结果表明:1)区内岩石属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列、低铝质岩石;2)岩石均呈现出轻稀土富集的右倾型模式,重稀土分布平坦,岩石矿化蚀变后出现明显的负Eu异常,同位素结果表明均来自地幔的部分熔融;3)区内矿床均形成于岛弧环境,矿床的形成具有多期、多源、多构造变化特征,是特定时期地壳演化阶段构造-岩浆-热液活动的产物.通过对中蒙边境典型斑岩铜矿床地球化学的探讨,以期为区内斑岩型铜矿床的找寻和评价提供参考. 相似文献
3.
青海赛什塘铜矿床的地质特征及成因探讨 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过对赛什塘铜矿区大量实际资料的分析,确定了含矿斑岩体及外围岩脉群的存在,含矿斑岩岩性为钙碱性高钾钙碱性钾玄岩系列,与埃达克质岩共生,岩石ISr值为0.7060～0.7086,与东昆仑地区晚三叠世的基性岩和包体ISr值接近,143Nd/144Nd比值（0.512226～0.512350）与玄武质下地壳熔融形成的埃达克质岩石的同位素相应比值接近。与产生于富集地幔Ⅱ的幔源岩浆有亲缘关系,其成矿背景与东昆仑晚三叠世底侵的岩浆作用有关。浅成相的含矿中酸性小岩株与超浅成相的脉岩群、潜火山岩高位同居。大致以含矿斑岩体为中心发育典型斑岩矿化蚀变。成矿具有多期次及以含矿斑岩体为主的多种赋矿形式（矽卡岩、岩脉、岩枝及角砾岩）,受工作程度限制目前发现的斑岩型矿体尽管很少,但厚大的斑岩体状矿化乃是不可忽视的斑岩型矿床的重要特征。斑岩型与矽卡岩型、热液型矿化紧密共生,具有斑岩成矿系列的特征。通过与国内外斑岩铜矿床的对比研究,认为赛什塘铜矿床成因为斑岩型叠加的复合矿床。 相似文献
4.
吉林东部地区与火山岩-斑岩有关的金(铜银)矿床可分为浅成低温热液型金(银)矿和浅成中温斑岩。热液型金(铜)矿两个亚类。浅成低温热液型矿床的特征矿物组合为黄铁矿、石英、方解石、冰长石和重晶石,成因上与高钾的钙碱性火山岩。斑岩(137～177Ma)有关,成矿流体属浅成低温氧化流体,在成矿过程中大气降水混入的程度大。浅成中温斑岩,热液型矿床的特征矿物组合为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿和石英,成因上与钙碱性火山岩。斑岩(130～140Ma)有关,成矿流体属浅成中温还原流体,在成矿过程中大气降水混入的程度相对较小。由于火山岩,斑岩的来源深度不同,斑岩体在矿床的形成中所起的作用不同,成矿流体的性质不同,造成金矿床的类型不尽相同。 相似文献
5.
初论碰撞造山环境斑岩铜矿成矿模型 总被引：25，自引：12，他引：13
作为金属Cu最主要来源的斑岩铜矿床主要产于岛弧及陆缘弧环境.基于大量弧环境斑岩铜矿床研究而建立的经典斑岩铜矿成矿模型,在后来环太平洋成矿带斑岩型矿床的勘查中取得了重大突破,成为科学理论指导矿床勘查的典范.然而,近年来国内矿床学家发现,除经典成矿模型所记录的岛弧及陆缘弧环境外,斑岩铜矿还可产于碰撞造山带内,甚至产在陆内环境中.显然,这些斑岩铜矿的成因无法用经典的斑岩铜矿成矿模型解释.文章从弧环境斑岩铜矿成矿模型的综述人手,通过对青藏高原斑岩铜矿床的成矿环境及构造控制、含矿斑岩起源、矿床基本特征、成矿物质来源、金属富集机制以及成矿流体来源及演化等已有研究成果的综合分析,初步提出了碰撞造山环境斑岩铜矿的成矿模型.该模型强调:①碰撞造山环境斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩为强烈挤压构造背景下形成的埃达克岩,岩浆起源于加厚的新生下地壳,板块断离或岩石圈拆沉诱发的软流圈物质上涌,以及斜向碰撞导致的挤压.伸展的构造机制转换通常是引发岩浆源区发生部分熔融的外部条件;②成矿金属的深部富集是因岩浆高氧逸度所致,高氧逸度条件下,S主要以硫酸盐的形式溶解于岩浆之中,从而导致通常优先向硫化物分配的Cu、Au等开始作为不相容元素向硅酸盐熔浆中富集;③含矿斑岩的侵位既可受到因斜向碰撞诱发的大型走滑断裂系统的控制,也可受到岩石圈拆沉诱发的大型张性断层的控制;而含矿斑岩的就位则受矿区尺度的构造控制,多组构造的交汇部位或大型背斜的核部常是斑岩铜矿产出的重要位置;④大型矿床,特别是超大型矿床下部通常存在岩浆房,岩浆房的流体出溶是引发矿床大规模蚀变与矿化的根源;成矿金属与S均来自岩浆,与含矿斑岩可能具有相同的源区;⑤矿床整体上具有与弧环境类似的蚀变分带规律,从内向外依次为钾硅酸盐化、石英-绢云母、粘土化及青磐岩化;不过,因碰撞造山带环境含矿斑岩相对富K,从而导致岩浆房或浅侵的岩株/岩枝中出溶的岩浆热液常具有比弧环境斑岩铜矿床更高的K+/H+比值,从而诱发钾硅酸盐化蚀变的强烈发育;因钾硅酸盐化蚀变持续时间较长,铜钼矿化主要产于该蚀变阶段,特别是以黑云母大量发育为特征的晚期钾硅酸盐化阶段;⑥成矿物质沉淀可能因成矿过程中温度、压力、盐度、氧逸度、pH值等因素的变化所致,而这些因素的变化又直接或间接与高原的快速隆升与剥蚀有关. 相似文献
6.
中国大陆环境斑岩型矿床：基本地质特征、岩浆热液系统和成矿概念模型 总被引：49，自引：5，他引：44
中国大陆环境斑岩型矿床包括斑岩型Cu(-Mo、-Au)、斑岩型Mo、斑岩型Au和斑岩型Pb-Zn等矿床类型,主要产出于青藏高原大陆碰撞带、东秦岭大陆碰撞带和中国东中部燕山期陆内环境,在地球动力学背景、深部作用过程、岩浆起源演化、流体与金属来源等方面与岩浆弧环境斑岩型矿床存在重要差异.在大洋板块俯冲形成的岩浆弧,主要发育斑岩Cu-Au矿床或富金斑岩Cu矿(岛弧)和斑岩Cu-Mo及斑岩Mo矿床(陆缘弧).相比,在大陆碰撞带,晚碰撞构造转换环境发育斑岩Cu、Cu-Mo和Cu-Au矿床,矿床受斜交碰撞带的走滑断裂系统控制,后碰撞地壳伸展环境则主要发育斑岩Cu-Mo矿床,矿床受垂直于碰撞带的正断层系统控制;在陆内造山环境,早期发育斑岩Cu-Au矿床,晚期发育斑岩Pb-Zn矿床,它们主要沿古老的但再活化的岩石圈不连续带分布,受网格状断裂系统控制;在后造山(或非造山)伸展环境,则大量发育斑岩Mo矿和斑岩Au矿,它们则主要围绕大陆基底-克拉通(或地块)边缘分布,受再活化的岩石圈不连续带控制.大陆环境斑岩Cu(-Mo,-Au)矿床的含矿斑岩多为高钾钙碱性和钾玄质,以高钾为特征,显示埃达克岩地球化学特性.岩浆通常起源于加厚的新生镁铁质下地壳或拆沉的古老下地壳.上地幔通过三种可能的方式向岩浆系统供给金属Cu(和Au):①提供大批量的幔源岩浆并底垫于加厚下地壳底部,构成含Cu岩浆的源岩;②提供小批量的软流圈熔体交代和改造下地壳,并诱发其熔融;③与拆沉的下地壳岩浆熔体发生反应.大陆环境含Mo岩浆系统高SiO_2、高K_2O,岩相以花岗斑岩为主,花岗闪长斑岩次之,既不同于Climax型,又有别于石英二长斑岩型Mo矿床,岩浆起源于古老的下地壳.金属Mo主要为就地熔出,部分萃取于上部地壳.大陆环境含Pb-Zn花岗斑岩多属铝过饱和型,与S型花岗岩相当,以高δ~(18)O(>10‰)和高放射性Pb为特征,Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成反映其来源于中下地壳的深熔作用,金属Pb-Zn主要来源于深融的壳层.大陆环境含Au岩浆系统以富B花岗闪长斑岩为主,常与矿前闪长岩密切共生.Sr-Nd-Pb同位素显示,含Au岩浆主要来源于上部地壳,但曾与幔源岩浆发生相互作用.金属Au部分来源于上地壳,部分来源于地幔岩浆.大陆环境斑岩型矿床显示各具特色的蚀变类型和蚀变分带,其中,斑岩型Cu(-Mo,-Au)矿热液蚀变遵循Lowell and Guilbert模式;斑岩型Mo矿主要发育钙硅酸盐化、钾硅酸盐化和石英-绢云母化;斑岩型Pb-Zn矿主要发育绿泥石-绢云母化和绢云母-碳酸盐化,缺乏钾硅酸盐化;斑岩型Au矿强烈发育中度泥化.斑岩型矿床的成矿流体初始为高温、高fO_2、高S、富金属的岩浆水,由浅成侵位的长英质岩浆房在应力松弛环境下出溶而来,晚期有天水不同程度地混入.Cu、Mo、Pb-Zn通常沉淀于流体分相和流体沸腾过程中,而Au则主要沉淀于岩浆-热液过渡阶段. 相似文献
7.
中亚成矿域核心区域发育多个斑岩型铜矿床,集中分布于哈萨克斯坦环巴尔喀什、中国新疆西准噶尔和东天山地区。笔者从成矿斑岩岩石学、地球化学、岩浆性质、矿床地质和成矿流体性质等方面,对以上地区主要斑岩铜矿的研究现状进行了总结,并概括了境内外斑岩铜矿床的异同。中亚成矿域核心区斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩主要为闪长岩、闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩和石英二长岩,属钙碱性或高钾钙碱性系列,除哈萨克斯努尔卡斯甘外,大多具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征。哈萨克斯坦环巴尔喀什地区和中国西准噶尔、东天山地区斑岩铜矿成矿斑岩结晶温度主要集中在668～836℃,斑晶相结晶压力为0.8～3.2kbar(对应深度2.4～8.8km),环巴尔喀什地区成矿斑岩(ΔQFM=2.9～4.8)具有明显高于西准噶尔和东天山地区(ΔQFM=0.3～1.8)的岩浆氧逸度。中亚成矿域核心地区含矿斑岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i=0.702 5～0.706 7,εNd(t)=4.9～8.8,显示含矿岩体主要来源于新生洋壳,可能伴随古老基底物质的参与。矿区发育以钾化、绢英岩化和青磐岩化为主的热液蚀变,努尔卡斯甘矿区发育与高级泥化有关的高硫型浅成低温热液型金矿化。矿床地球化学研究显示区内斑岩铜矿硫化物的硫主要为岩浆硫(δ~(34)S=-5‰～2‰)。环巴尔喀什地区和中国东天山土屋-延东斑岩铜矿成矿流体为氧化性的H_2O-NaCl-CO_2-SO_2体系,西准噶尔包古图为还原性的H_2O-NaCl-CO_2-CH_4体系。 相似文献
8.
新疆斑岩型铜矿床分布、时代及成矿特点 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
新疆地跨中亚和特提斯两大构造域,构造-岩浆活动强烈,形成了许多斑岩型铜矿床,这些矿床具集中分布、分段集中特点.在新疆北部围绕准噶尔盆地呈面状环状分布,在新疆南部沿康西瓦断裂附近呈带状分布.新疆斑岩铜矿床形成时代漫长,从奥陶纪到三叠纪,集中在泥盆—二叠纪.成矿环境包括板块俯冲形成的岛弧、陆缘弧及后碰撞板内环境.含矿岩浆为幔源岩浆,发育高氧逸度的中酸性钙碱性岩浆和低氧逸度的中性钙碱性岩浆,含矿岩体定位受区域褶皱、断裂和火山机构的控制.金属元素组合主要为Cu-Au、Cu-Mo和Mo-Cu等,发育斑岩型-浅成低温热液型和斑岩型-矽卡岩型成矿系统.金属元素在中低温条件下富集成矿. 相似文献
9.
中非(赞比亚―刚果(金))沉积型铜矿以其拥有高品位的大型超大型铜、钴矿床和众多的世界级铜矿山而闻名于世。铜矿类型可分为沉积型铜矿、热液脉型铜矿、变质热液型铜矿三类。沉积型铜矿床形成后,受到深部含矿岩浆热液的侵入形成脉状铜矿,可能还有斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿作用,叠加富集原有的沉积型铜矿床。硫同位素结果显示,硫源主要为成岩硫化物和海水硫酸盐的混合硫,受到深源岩浆或岩浆热液叠加改造。沉积型铜矿成矿年龄880~735Ma,后期岩浆热液型铜钼矿成矿年龄为514~502Ma。这些发现对进一步认识总结中非铜矿带上的矿床成因及成矿规律具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
西藏雄村矿区Ⅰ号矿体斑岩含矿性研究——来自热液蚀变矿物和副矿物的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西藏雄村矿区是南冈底斯成矿带侏罗纪成矿作用的重大找矿突破,目前已发现了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号铜(金)矿体。为了查明斑岩体矿物学特征与矿化之间的关系,本文以Ⅰ号铜(金)矿体(原雄村铜矿床)含矿斑岩为研究对象,根据电子探针和矿物产出状态分析,Ⅰ号铜(金)矿体含矿斑岩中黑云母、白云母、红柱石、金红石皆为热液蚀变的产物,钾长石除少数为岩浆成因外,多数为热液成因。石英闪长玢岩发育大量的深成磁黄铁矿,未见硬石膏结晶、钛铁矿含量大于磁铁矿、斑岩体中磷灰石SO3含量低(≤0.03%)、成矿流体富CH4等证据显示雄村Ⅰ号铜(金)矿体岩浆-流体氧逸度低,可能为还原性斑岩型铜矿床。利用金红石的Zr温度计计算出金红石的结晶温度为622~762℃,该温度反映了钾硅酸盐化蚀变中晚期温度。金红石中V2O5含量平均值0.42%、粒度较大,黑云母富镁、富钾、贫钙、高氟等特征指示了较好的铜矿化。 相似文献
11.
初论大陆环境斑岩铜矿 总被引：43，自引：1，他引：42
世界范围内大型-巨型斑岩铜矿多数产于岩浆弧（岛弧、陆缘弧）环境,含矿斑岩岩浆起源与大洋板块的俯冲作用有关。综合研究了与大洋板块俯冲无关、产于中国大陆环境的若干大型-巨型斑岩铜矿。研究发现,这些大陆环境的斑岩铜矿,虽然其基本地质特征与岩浆弧环境斑岩铜矿具有广泛的类似性,但其动力学背景、含矿斑岩性质、岩浆起源演化、金属富集过程及其构造控制机制却独具特色。这些大陆环境斑岩铜矿至少可产出于4类环境：晚碰撞走滑环境、后碰撞伸展环境、后造山伸展环境和非造山崩塌环境。大陆环境含矿斑岩以高钾质为特征,多具高钾钙碱性和钾玄质特征,通常显示埃达克岩地球化学亲和性。其岩浆通常起源于加厚的新生镁铁质下地壳或拆沉的古老下地壳。陆间碰撞期的地壳大规模增厚以及其后的软流圈上涌和岩石圈拆沉,是形成含矿岩浆的主导性机制。含矿岩浆的金属初始富集通常经历两阶段过程：（1）幔源物质直接供给金属阶段;（2）伴随含水、高氧逸度埃达克质岩浆演化金属富集阶段。在第一阶段,幔源物质主要通过两种形式供给金属：（1）以幔源组分为主的新生下地壳直接熔融;（2）拆沉下地壳熔融产生的埃达克质熔体与地幔岩石圈发生水/岩反应。在第二富集阶段,下地壳角闪榴辉岩熔融过程中角闪石大量分解产生富水的、高度氧化的埃达克质熔体,其分异演化使金属元素作为不相容元素得以在残浆中富集。大陆环境含矿斑岩的浅成侵位主要受大规模走滑断裂系统、切割造山带的断裂系统和基底线性断裂构造控制。与走滑断裂系统相伴发育的走滑拉分盆地、切割造山带的张性断裂与平行造山带的逆冲断裂带交汇部位以及不同方向的线性断裂构成的棋盘格子构造,常常控制斑岩岩浆-热液系统的空间定位。 相似文献
12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):287-310
The continental margin of Northeast China, an important part of the continental margin-related West Pacific metallogenic belt, hosts numerous types of gold-dominated mineral deposits. Based on ore deposit geology and isotopic dating, we have classified hydrothermal gold–copper ore deposits in this region into four distinct types: (1) gold-rich porphyry copper deposits, (2) gold-rich porphyry-like copper deposits, (3) medium-sulphidation epithermal copper–gold deposits, and (4) high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits. These ore deposits formed during four distinct metallogenic stages or periods, at 123.6 ± 2.5 Ma, 110–104 Ma, 104–102 Ma, and 95.0 ± 2 Ma, corresponding to periods of Cretaceous intermediate–acid volcanism and late-stage emplacement of hypabyssal magmas along the northern margin of the North China platform. The earliest stage of mineralization (123.6 ± 2.5 Ma) corresponds to the formation of medium-sulphidation epithermal copper – gold deposits and was associated with a continental margin magmatic arc system linked to subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia. This metallogenesis is closely related to high-K calc-alkaline intermediate–acid granite and pyroxene – diorite porphyry magmatism. The second and third stages of mineralization in the study area (110–104 Ma and 104–102 Ma, respectively) correspond to the formation of gold-rich porphyry copper, porphyry-like copper, and high-sulphidation gold deposits, with metallogenesis closely related to sodic or adakitic magmatism. These magmas formed in a continental margin magmatic arc system related to oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia, as well as mixing of crust-derived remelted granitic and mantle-derived adakitic magmas. During the final stage of mineralization (95.0 ± 2 Ma), metallogenesis was closely related to sodic or adakitic magmatism, with diagenesis and metallogenesis related to the disintegration or destruction of the Pacific Plate, which was subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate during the Mesozoic. 相似文献
13.
Contribution of mantle components within juvenile lower-crust to collisional zone porphyry Cu systems in Tibet 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Zengqian Hou Yuanchuan Zheng Zhiming Yang Zongyao Rui Zhidan Zhao Sihong Jiang Xiaoming Qu Qinzhong Sun 《Mineralium Deposita》2013,48(2):173-192
Most porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposits are found in magmatic arcs worldwide, and are associated with hydrous, high-fO2, calc-alkaline magmas, derived from a mantle wedge that was metasomatized by the fluids from a subducted oceanic slab. Recently, such deposits have been documented as occurring widely in collisional settings, where they are associated with potassic magmas generated during the collisional process, but the genesis of the fertile magmas and the mechanism of metallic enrichment remain controversial. Here we present new geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data from the post-collisional fertile and barren porphyries of the Miocene Gangdese porphyry belt in the Tibetan orogen, an orogen formed by the collision of India and Asia in the early Cenozoic. Both types of porphyry are characterized by high K2O contents, and have geochemical affinities with adakite, but the fertile magmas were most likely derived from the melting of a thickened juvenile mafic lower-crust, formed by the underplating of earlier asthenospheric melts at the base of crust, whereas the derivation of the barren magmas involved variable amounts of old lower-crust in Tibet. The melting of sulfide-bearing phases in the juvenile mantle components of the Tibetan lower-crust probably provided Cu, Au, and S to the fertile magmas. The breakdown of amphibole during melting at the source released the fluids necessary for the formation of the porphyry Cu deposits in Tibet. The thickened crust (up to 70–80 km), due to collision, is thought to be responsible for a decrease in the fO2 of the fertile magmas during their ascent to the upper crust, thus preventing the generation of more porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits in this collisional zone. 相似文献
14.
大陆碰撞成矿作用:I.冈底斯新生代斑岩成矿系统 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
火山岩浆弧和大陆碰撞带是产出巨型斑岩矿床的两类重要环境.岩浆弧环境的斑岩铜矿成矿理论业已建立,而大陆碰撞环境的斑岩矿床则研究薄弱.在青藏高原,印度-亚洲大陆碰撞导致了大规模斑岩成矿作用,在主碰撞期(65～41 Ma)发育沙让式斑岩Mo矿和亚贵拉式斑岩-矽卡岩型Pb-Zn-Mo矿床,在晚碰撞期(40～26 Ma)形成明则式斑岩Mo矿和努日式斑岩-矽卡岩型Mo-W-Cu矿床,在后碰撞期(25-13Ma)产生驱龙式斑岩Cu-Mo矿床.这些矿床构成了3条规模不等的成矿带,分别发育在冈底斯的北带(中拉萨地体)、南带(泽当弧地体)和中带(南拉萨地体).冈底斯含矿斑岩系统通常为多期多相浅成侵入杂岩体.含矿斑岩以高K为特征,多为高K钙碱性岩和钾玄岩系列.含Cu斑岩以二长花岗斑岩为主,显示埃达克岩地球化学亲和性,含Mo斑岩以花岗斑岩为主,显示大陆壳成因特点.微量元素和Sr Nd Hf同位素地球化学研究表明,含Cu斑岩来自碰撞加厚的西藏镁铁质的新生下地壳(如角闪榴辉岩),早期卷入新生下地壳的幔源物质及硫化物的重熔为斑岩岩浆提供了部分金属Cu、Au和S;含Mo 岩浆来自古老的西藏镁铁质下地壳(如角闪岩)的部分熔融,金属Mo主要来自古老地壳物质的贡献.冈底斯含矿斑岩均含有不同成分的微粒镁铁质包体(MME),并显示典型的长英质与镁铁质岩浆混合特征.以MME为代表的含Cu富H2O幔源岩浆,或底侵于冈底斯地壳底部,为下地壳熔融提供了热和H2O,或注入长英质岩浆房,为斑岩系统提供了部分金属cu和S,并提升了岩浆氧逸度.冈底斯斑岩岩浆热液-成矿系统受控于斑岩就位的地壳环境.在斑岩体侵位的花岗岩基环境,其良好的封闭性导致热液流体(岩浆出溶)以斑岩岩株为核心向外扩散,形成环状蚀变分带,并主要在钾硅酸盐化带发生Cu-Mo矿化;在碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造环境,碳酸盐建造发生矽卡岩化和金属淀积,不透水的细碎屑岩层阻挡热液流体扩散,热液矿化围绕斑岩体发育,形成斑岩型Mo-矽卡岩型Pb-Zn Mo或Mo-W-Cu 成矿系统;在层火山沉积环境,良好的封闭盖层导致岩浆流体与天水强烈混合以及混合流体的长距离侧向流动,发育大面积蚀变岩盖,形成上部浅成低温热液Au Cu和下部斑岩型Cu-Mo成矿系统.结合区域构造岩浆分析,笔者认为,发育于冈底斯碰撞带3个不同碰撞期的幔源岩浆上侵-下地壳部分熔融岩浆浅成侵位-斑岩成矿系统,受控于印度-亚洲大陆三阶段碰撞的不同深部过程,据此提出了大陆碰撞过程中斑岩型矿床的地球动力学模型. 相似文献
15.
Most porphyry Cu deposits in the world occur in magmatic arc settings and are formed in association with calc-alkaline arc magmas related to subduction of oceanic lithosphere. This contribution reviews a number of significant porphyry Cu deposits in the eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. They widely occur in a variety of non-arc settings, varying from post (late)-collisional transpressional and extensional environments to intracontinental extensional environments related to orogenic and anorogenic processes. Their spatial–temporal localization is controlled by strike–slip faults, orogen-transverse normal faults, lineaments and their intersections in these non-arc settings. These deposits are dominated by porphyry Cu–Mo deposits with minor porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits, and exhibit a broad similarity with those in magmatic arcs. The associated magmas are generally hydrous, relatively high fO2, high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic, and show geochemical affinity with adakites. They are distinguished from arc magmas and/or oceanic-slab derived adakites, by their occurrence as isolated complexes, high K2O contents (1.2–8.5%), and much wider range of εNd(t) values(? 10 to + 3) and positive εHf(t) values (+ 4.6 to + 6.9). These potassic magmas are most likely formed by partial melting of thickened juvenile mafic lower-crust or delaminated lower crust, but also involving various amounts of asthenospheric mantle components. Key factors that generate hydrous fertile magmas are most likely crust/mantle interaction processes at the base of thickened lower-crust in non-arc settings, rather than oceanic-slab dehydration (as in arc settings). Breakdown of amphibole in thickened lower crust (e.g., amphibole eclogite and garnet amphibolite) during melting is considered to release fluids into the fertile magmas, leading to an elevated oxidation state and higher H2O content necessary for development of porphyry Cu–Mo–Au systems. Copper and Au in hydrous magmas are likely derived from mantle-derived components and/or melts, which either previously underplated and infiltrated at the base of the thickened lower crust, or were input into the primitive magmas by melt/mantle interaction. In contrast, Mo and (part of the) S in the fertile magmas are probably supplied by old crust during melting and subsequent ascent. 相似文献
16.
Porphyry Cu (–Mo–Au) deposits occur not only in continental margin–arc settings (subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits, such as those along the eastern Pacific Rim (EPRIM)), but also in continent–continent collisional orogenic belts (collision-related porphyry Cu deposits, such as those in southern Tibet). These Cu-mineralized porphyries, which develop in contrasting tectonic settings, are characterized by some different trace element (e.g., Th, and Y) concentrations and their ratios (e.g., Sr/Y, and La/Yb), suggesting that their source magmas probably developed by different processes. Subduction-related porphyry Cu mineralization on the EPRIM is associated with intermediate to felsic calc-alkaline magmas derived from primitive basaltic magmas that pooled beneath the lower crust and underwent melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization (MASH), whereas K-enriched collision-related porphyry Cu mineralization was associated with underplating of subduction-modified basaltic materials beneath the lower crust (with subsequent transformation into amphibolites and eclogite amphibolites), and resulted from partial melting of the newly formed thickened lower crust. These different processes led to the collision-related porphyry Cu deposits associated with adakitic magmas enriched by the addition of melts, and the subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits associated with magmas comprising all compositions between normal arc rocks and adakitic rocks, all of which were associated with fluid-dominated enrichment process.In subduction-related Cu porphyry magmas, the oxidation state (fO2), the concentrations of chalcophile metals, and other volatiles (e.g., S and Cl), and the abundance of water were directly controlled by the composition of the primary arc basaltic magma. In contrast, the high Cu concentrations and fO2 values of collision-related Cu porphyry magmas were indirectly derived from subduction modified magmas, and the large amount of water and other volatiles in these magmas were controlled in part by partial melting of amphibolite derived from arc basalts that were underplated beneath the lower crust, and in part by the contribution from the rising potassic and ultrapotassic magmas. Both subduction- and collision-related porphyries are enriched in potassium, and were associated with crustal thickening. Their high K2O contents were primarily as a result of the inheritance of enriched mantle components and/or mixing with contemporaneous ultrapotassic magmas. 相似文献
17.
智利科皮亚波GV地区侵入岩地球化学及年代学研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
智利北中部科皮亚波GV地区位于中生代铁氧化物铜金(IOCG)矿床与斑岩铜矿过渡带。侵入岩体主要为辉长闪长岩、闪长岩、闪长斑岩、黑云母花岗岩、斑状花岗岩和二长岩。岩石地球化学特征说明该侵入岩体属于钙碱性、I型或磁铁矿系列,来源于深部上地幔。推测这些岩浆岩岩石组合形成于洋壳俯冲带,局部扩张与挤压转换导致弧后盆地萎缩封闭并快速抬升。岩浆侵入具有多期次活动,形成了多期次热液活动中心,并发育面型与脉带型蚀变矿化分带,地表具有寻找大型IOCG矿床前景。地表泥化-绿泥石-多孔状硅化网脉和含金银多金属铁锰碳酸盐化网脉发育,含金银多金属网脉状-带状和面型蚀变区揭示地表有浅成低温热液型金银多金属矿床;深部具有寻找隐伏斑岩型铜金矿床前景。今后需在该区加强蚀变矿化分带规律研究,进行深部找矿预测。 相似文献
18.
斑岩Cu-Mo-Au矿床:新认识与新进展 总被引：59，自引：0，他引：59
斑岩型矿床作为一种最重要的铜钼和铜金矿床类型一直得到人们的普遍重视 ,近些年来又取得了重要研究进展 ,主要体现在 5个方面 :①岛弧和陆缘弧是斑岩型矿床产出的重要环境 ,但大陆碰撞造山带也具有产出斑岩型矿床的巨大潜力。按矿床产出的构造环境 ,可以分为弧造山型斑岩矿床和碰撞造山型斑岩矿床 ;②弧造山型含矿斑岩主要为钙碱性和高钾钙碱性 ,而碰撞造山型含矿斑岩则主要为高钾钙碱性和橄榄安粗质 (shoshonitic)。两种环境的含矿斑岩多具有埃达克岩 (adakite)岩浆亲合性 ,但前者主要来源于俯冲的大洋板片 ,后者主要来源于碰撞加厚的下地壳。大洋板片的部分熔融缘于俯冲角度的平缓化 ,而加厚下地壳的熔融起因于俯冲大陆板片的断离 (slabbreakoff) ;③在弧造山环境 ,大洋俯冲板片的膝折 (kink)或撕裂 (slabtear)不仅导致俯冲角度变缓 ,而且引起弧地壳耦合变形 ,产生切弧断裂 ,控制斑岩铜系统的时空分布。俯冲板片撕裂引发软流圈上涌 ,诱发大洋板片熔融 ,产生含矿岩浆 ;④在碰撞造山环境 ,大陆俯冲板片的裂离导致软流圈上涌 ,向下地壳注入新生物质 ,并诱发下地壳物质熔融 ,产生含矿岩浆。碰撞后地壳伸展形成横切碰撞带的正断层系统 ,为斑岩侵位提供运移通道 ,并导致岩浆流体大量分凝和铜钼金淀积。不论 相似文献
19.
The Geza Andean-type arc is located in the southwestern Sanjiang tectonic belt (i.e. Jinsha, Lancang, and Nujiang River) of SW China, which is a product of the subduction of the Garzê–Litang oceanic crust beneath Zhongdian landmasses in the Late Triassic (235–204 Ma). The Geza Andean-type arc is an important belt of Cu-rich polymetallic mineralization that was recently discovered in China. Prolonged regional tectono-magmatic activity and several episodes of rich mineralization throughout the tectonic evolution of the Andean-type arc produced the super-large Pulang porphyry Cu deposits, the large Xuejiping porphyry Cu deposits, and the large Hongshan skarn-porphyry Cu polymetallic deposits. Here we report new LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of Songnuo and Qiansui intrusive rocks, and whole-rock major and trace element compositions of the Late Triassic mineralized porphyries from Geza in this region. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Qiansui quartz diorite porphyrite revealed a crystallization age of 220.3 ± 0.66 Ma, for the Songnuo quartz monzonite porphyry, a crystallization age of 204.7 ± 0.72 Ma. The Geza Andean-type arc granitic belt can be divided into three porphyry subzones based on the stage of Andean-type arc orogenic development and the distribution, composition, and geochemical characteristics of the intrusive rocks. Lithogeochemical characteristics show that the porphyry and Andean-type arc granite are of the same rock series (high-K calc-alkaline) and genetic type (I-type granite). The trace element geochemistry of these rocks is similar to that of Andean-type arc granite, which is enriched in Ba, Rb, La, Hf, chalcophile elements (Cu, Pb), and siderophile elements (Mo, Ni), and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. In the Geza Andean-type arc, similarities in the major element, REE, and trace element compositions between porphyry and local acidic volcanic rocks suggest that they have the same or similar magmatic source rocks. The petrological characteristics of granite in the Geza Andean-type arc are similar to those of adakitic rocks, and the formation of porphyry and porphyry-related deposits resulted from magmatic hydrothermal fluids that originated in the upper mantle and lower crust. The porphyry Cu mineralization was probably produced from the accumulation and migration of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids and the resultant alteration of host rocks. 相似文献