共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 505 毫秒
1.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>深部碳循环是全球碳循环体系的重要组成部分,它是指伴随洋壳俯冲作用,大量含碳矿物被带入地球深部,经历一系列地质作用后,再通过岩浆和火山作用将碳带回地表的过程。地震学、地质学和地球化学等研究表明,洋壳能够俯冲到地幔过渡带底部、甚至核幔边界;最近,Walter等人(2011)对产自巴西Juina金伯利矿床的"超深"金刚石进行了研究,发现该金刚石含有源自地表的轻碳同位素,而且其包裹体中含有洋壳玄武岩组分。这一发现有力地证实了碳循环可以深入下地幔1400 km[1]。 相似文献
2.
地球的层圈结构与穿越层圈构造 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从1906年发现地核到20世纪60年代,地球物理学、地质学和矿物物理学的研究揭示了地球具有物理化学性质截然不同的层圈结构,并根据全球地震波速度和密度的变化建立了初始参考地球模型。1967年提出的板块构造理论假定刚性的岩石圈板块在塑性的软流圈之上发生运动,在洋中脊不断形成的洋壳逐渐在海沟俯冲,由于板块是刚性的,变形将主要集中在板块边界。板块构造理论成功地解释了大洋岩石圈的形成和消亡、火山和地震活动带的分布以及全球构造格局,给地球科学带来了一场革命。但是,经典的板块构造理论尚未解决板块运动的起源和驱动力、大陆岩石圈的弥散性变形、大陆深俯冲等问题,因此大陆动力学成为对板块构造理论的重要补充。近年来的研究表明:在板块汇聚边界,大洋岩石圈可以俯冲至地幔过渡带、下地幔,乃至核幔边界;而大陆岩石圈可以俯冲至150~300 km深度,然后相对低密度的陆壳物质快速折返形成含柯石英和微粒金刚石的超高压变质带。地幔柱活动是是俯冲板块再循环的产物,不仅可以形成大火成岩省和洋岛玄武岩,还可以把俯冲到地幔过渡带的物质带回浅部,导致蛇绿岩中保留金刚石和深地幔矿物。因此,俯冲带和地幔柱不仅提供了穿越层圈的物质和能量交换的通道,也驱动了对地球宜居性至关重要的水循环和碳循环,是研究地球物质组成和动力学演化的重要窗口。 相似文献
3.
蛇绿岩型金刚石和铬铁矿深部成因 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地球上的原生金刚石主要有3种产出类型,分别来自大陆克拉通下的深部地幔金伯利岩型金刚石、板块边界深俯冲变质岩中超高压变质型金刚石,和陨石坑中的陨石撞击型金刚石。在全球5个造山带的10处蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩或铬铁矿中均发现金刚石和其他超高压矿物的基础上,我们提出地球上一种新的天然金刚石产出类型,命名为蛇绿岩型金刚石。认为蛇绿岩型金刚石普遍存在于大洋岩石圈的地幔橄榄岩中,并提出蛇绿岩型金刚石和铬铁矿的深部成因模式。认为早期俯冲的地壳物质到达地幔过渡带(410~660 km深度)后被肢解,加入到周围的强还原流体和熔体中,当熔融物质向上运移到地幔过渡带顶部,铬铁矿和周围的地幔岩石以及流体中的金刚石等深部矿物一并结晶,之后,携带金刚石的铬铁矿和地幔岩石被上涌的地幔柱带至浅部,经历了洋盆的拉张和俯冲阶段,最终在板块边缘就位。 相似文献
4.
全球幔源岩Pb-Sr-Nd同位素体系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据各种同位素数据库得到的3万多个晚古生代以来的幔源岩(包括洋中脊玄武岩、洋岛玄武岩、岛弧火山岩、大陆与大洋溢流玄武岩以及大陆板内玄武岩)Pb-Sr-Nd同位素资料和图解分析,对各类火山岩的源区以及地幔的垂向与横向不均一性问题作了进一步讨论。笔者认为不存在具有公共性质的EM1、EM2和HIMU地幔端员,它们的源区可能来自上、下地幔过渡带,只在局部地区出现,独一无二。PREMA(FOZO)则是洋岛玄武岩和溢流玄武岩公共端员。DUAPAL异常现象不只是在洋中脊玄武岩中出现,在洋岛玄武岩、岛弧火山岩和大洋溢流玄武岩中也存在同步的地球化学分区现象。溢流玄武岩的同位素体系特征表明它们的源区涉及再循环地幔的壳幔混合、岩石圈减压熔融、上—下地幔过渡带和似原始-略亏损的下地幔。Pb同位素体系为鉴别俯冲带的存在提供了更严格的证据,这种鉴别表明,安第斯弧火山作用不是洋陆俯冲带产生的。 相似文献
5.
全球多地蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现微粒金刚石，并在中国西藏南部和俄罗斯乌拉尔北部的蛇绿岩铬铁矿中发现原位产出的金刚石，认为是地球上金刚石的一种新的产出类型，不同于金伯利岩型金刚石和超高压变质型金刚石。它们与呈斯石英假象的柯石英、高压相的铬铁矿和青松矿等高压矿物以及碳硅石和单质矿物等强还原矿物伴生，指示蛇绿岩中的这些矿物组合形成于深度150~300 km或者更深的地幔。金刚石具有很轻的C同位素组成（δ13C-18‰~-28‰），并出现多种含Mn矿物和壳源成分包裹体。研究认为它们曾是早期深俯冲的地壳物质，达到>300 km深部地幔或地幔过渡带后，经历了熔融并产生新的流体，后者在上升过程中结晶成新的超高压、强还原矿物组合，通过地幔对流或地幔柱作用被带回到浅部地幔，由此建立了一个俯冲物质深地幔再循环的新模式。蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现金刚石等深部矿物，质疑了蛇绿岩铬铁矿形成于浅部地幔的已有认识，引发了一系列新的科学问题，提出了新的研究方向。 相似文献
6.
地幔流体作用——地幔捕虏体中流体包裹体的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
被碱性玄武岩和金伯利岩带到地表的地幔捕虏体是认识地球深部信息的窗口 ,是人们能够直接观察到的一种上地幔样品 ,其矿物中流体包裹体的存在提供了上地幔流体活动的直接证据。流体 /地幔矿物之间元素的分配对约束地幔交代过程中流体相的作用和上地幔流体的组成 ,揭示俯冲带壳幔物质的再循环过程 ,解释岛弧玄武岩高场强元素亏损的原因有重要意义。文章对近年来有关地幔捕虏体中流体包裹体的研究进行了评述 ,并结合近年来流体 /地幔矿物之间元素分配的高温高压实验研究讨论了流体在地幔中的重要作用。 相似文献
7.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>地幔熔融主要发生在上地幔的浅部,生成以玄武岩为主的幔源岩浆。然而,实验岩石学和金刚石中的矿物包裹体证据都说明,由于再循环地壳物质具有较低的固相线温度,低程度熔融可以在地幔更深处发生(上地幔下部,地幔过渡带或者下地幔),生成少量碳酸盐熔体。然而,目前人们对这种深部熔体上升过程中如何演化还知之甚少。这里我们利用山东的一组新生代霞石岩质火山的时空分布和地球化学特征上的 相似文献
8.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(3)
正火山喷发将地球内部的碳带至地表,而俯冲板块又将地表碳携带至地球深部,这构成了地球深部碳循环。深部碳循环不仅调节大气的组成,维持着地球的宜居性,而且影响着地球内部的组成和动力过程。地球物理观测和地球化学分析表明,俯冲板块可以到达下地幔深度。因此,地表的碳和氢一样,都被认为可以再循环进入下地幔。为了研究洋壳中的碳在俯冲过程 相似文献
9.
在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，首次发现由100余种（亚种）矿物组成的地幔矿物群，其中包括：自然元素，合金，氧化物，硫（砷）化物和硅酸盐。根据实验资料，其中一部分是超高压成因矿物。可能来自地球核-幔边界，是地球外核与下地幔底部硅酸盐之间化学反应的产物，另一部分矿物可能来自下地幔，过渡带和上地幔。西藏地幔矿物群，无论在矿物学和地球动力学上均有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
受时空不可及性的制约,地质学家在探究地球深部物质组成方面仍显得很被动,尤其是在探究地幔物质组成方面显得更加艰难.目前,科学家们探测地幔物质主要依靠地球物理学和实验矿物学、岩石学方法相结合的手段来进行.结果表明,地幔过渡带主要的矿物组成有瓦士利石、林伍德石、超硅石榴子石以及少量的CaSiO3.下地幔主要矿物组成有钙钛矿(Pv)、后钙钛矿(PPv)和镁方铁矿(Mw).在讨论过渡带和下地幔物质组成的基础上,归纳总结了地球内部热源的三种来源,分别是放射性元素的衰变热和初始熔融硅酸盐地球长期冷却放出的热、核幔边界在地磁场和高电导率物质的作用下产生的热以及来自地核的热.这些结论对研究地球深部动力学和热力学过程有重要意义. 相似文献
11.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):879-893
Plate subduction and mantle plumes are two of the most important material transport processes of the silicate Earth. Currently, a debate exists over whether the subducted oceanic crust is recycled back to the Earth's surface through mantle plumes, and can explain their derivation and major characteristics. It is also puzzling as to why plume heads have huge melting capacities and differ dramatically from plume tails both in size and chemical composition. We present data showing that both ocean island basalt and mid-ocean ridge basalt have identical supra-primitive mantle mean Nb/U values of ～46.7, significantly larger than that of the primitive mantle value. From a mass balance calculation based on Nb/U?we have determined that nearly the whole mantle has evolved by plate subduction-induced crustal recycling during formation of the continental crust. This mixing back of subducted oceanic crust, however, is not straightforward, because it generally would be denser than the surrounding mantle, both in solid and liquid states. A mineral segregation model is proposed here to reconcile different lines of observation. First of all, subducted oceanic crustal sections are denser than the surrounding mantle, such that they can stay in the lower mantle, for billions of years as implied by isotopic data. Parts of subducted oceanic crust may eventually lose a large proportion of their heavy minerals, magnesian-silicate-perovskite and calcium-silicate-perovskite, through density segregation in ultra-low-velocity zones as well as in very-low-velocity provinces at the core-mantle boundary due to low viscosity. The remaining minerals would thus become lighter than the surrounding mantle, and could rise, trapping mantle materials, and forming mantle plumes. Mineral segregation progressively increases the SiO2 content of the ascending oceanic crust, which enhances flux melting, and results in giant Si-enriched plume heads followed by dramatically abridged plume tails. Therefore, ancient mineral-segregated subducted oceanic crust is likely to be a major trigger and driving force for the formation of mantle plumes. 相似文献
12.
由板块俯冲引发的深部物质循环过程是地球内部的一级运行机制,主宰了地球从内到外的演化进程,是地球科学研究的重要前沿.俯冲带化学地球动力学研究不仅需要确定俯冲带地壳物质再循环的机制和形式,而且需要确定俯冲带动力来源和热体制及其随时间的变化.为了识别不同类型壳源熔/流体对地幔楔的交代作用、寻求板片-地幔界面反应的岩石学和地球化学证据、理解汇聚板块边缘地壳俯冲和拆沉对地幔不均一性的贡献,我们必须将俯冲带变质作用、交代作用和岩浆作用作为一个地球科学系统来考虑.板块俯冲带变质过程中发生一系列物理化学变化,这些变化不但是导致板块进一步俯冲的主要驱动力,同时也控制着释放的熔/流体组成和俯冲到地球深部的物质组成,对俯冲带化学地球动力学过程产生重要影响.地幔楔作为俯冲系统中连接俯冲盘和仰冲盘的关键构造单元,在地球层圈之间物质循环和能量交换等方面起着重要作用.造山带地幔楔橄榄岩直接记录了俯冲带多种性质的熔/流体交代作用,以及复杂的壳幔物质循环过程.俯冲带岩浆岩是大洋/大陆板块俯冲物质再循环的表现形式,这些岩石样品记录了俯冲带从深部地幔到浅部地壳的过程,也为认识地球深部物质循环提供了理想的天然样品.尽管国际上在俯冲带岩石学和地球化学领域针对地球深部过程的研究方面取得了多项重要进展,但由于研究工作缺乏密切的协同配合,包括俯冲带熔/流体的物理化学性质、俯冲带壳幔相互作用的机制和过程、俯冲带幔源岩浆活动的物质来源和启动机制以及深部地幔过程对地表环境的影响等许多关键科学问题尚未得到根本解决.将来的研究需要聚焦俯冲带物质循环这一核心科学问题,进一步查明俯冲带变质作用、交代作用、岩浆作用等过程的各自特征和相互联系,包括挥发性组分在地球深部的迁移过程及其资源和环境效应,着力考察研究相对薄弱的古俯冲带,阐明板块俯冲与地球深部物质循环之间的耦合机制. 相似文献
13.
俯冲带作为板块构造最为重要的标志之一,是地球最大的物质循环系统,被称为“俯冲工厂”.俯冲作用是驱动和维持板块运动的重要动力引擎.一个完整的俯冲带发育海沟、增生楔、弧前盆地、岩浆弧、弧后盆地（或弧背前陆盆地）等基本构造单元.在一些特殊情况下（如洋脊俯冲、年轻洋壳俯冲、海山俯冲）,则可形成一些特殊的俯冲带结构（如平板俯冲、俯冲侵蚀）,导致岩浆弧、增生楔、弧前盆地等不发育甚至缺失.俯冲大洋板片可滞留于或穿越地幔过渡带进入下地幔甚至到达核幔边界,把地壳物质带入到地球深部,并通过地幔柱活动上升到浅部.俯冲带是构造活动强烈的区域,存在走滑、挤压、伸展等变形及其构造叠加.俯冲带海沟可向大洋或大陆方向迁移,岛弧及增生楔等也随之发生迁移,使俯冲带上盘发生周期性挤压和伸展,形成复杂的古地理格局.微陆块、岛弧、海山/洋底高原等地质体在俯冲带发生增生时,可阻塞先存的俯冲带,造成俯冲带跃迁或俯冲极性反转,在其外侧形成新的俯冲带.俯冲带深部精细结构、俯冲起始如何发生、板块俯冲与地幔柱的深部关联机制等是当前俯冲带研究中值得关注的前沿问题.开展俯冲带地球物理深部探测、古缝合带与现今俯冲带对比研究、俯冲带动力学数值模拟是解决上述科学问题的重要途径. 相似文献
14.
地幔氧逸度与俯冲带深部碳循环 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地幔氧逸度通过改变含碳相的存在形式和迁移方式来影响深部碳循环。本文结合最新的地幔氧逸度实验模拟和岩石学研究成果,探讨了地幔氧逸度时空分布对深部碳循环的影响。文章重点结合地幔减压熔融形成洋壳、新生洋壳蚀变、洋壳俯冲变质、深俯冲洋壳熔融以及俯冲洋壳物质(流体和固体)通过岩浆(岛弧和地幔柱)作用循环出地表等重要地质过程,探讨了伴随洋壳俯冲作用的深部碳循环过程。由于地幔氧逸度的时空变化,俯冲带含碳相表现出不同的存在形式和迁移能力。通过对西南天山俯冲带碳循环的岩石学和实验研究,我们认为应当进一步深入研究俯冲带氧化还原状态及其对俯冲带深部碳循环的影响。 相似文献
15.
A general model for the intrusion and evolution of 'mantle' garnet peridotites in high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure metamorphic terranes 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
Garnet‐bearing peridotite lenses are minor but significant components of most metamorphic terranes characterized by high‐temperature eclogite facies assemblages. Most peridotite intrudes when slabs of continental crust are subducted deeply (60–120 km) into the mantle, usually by following oceanic lithosphere down an established subduction zone. Peridotite is transferred from the resulting mantle wedge into the crustal footwall through brittle and/or ductile mechanisms. These ‘mantle’ peridotites vary petrographically, chemically, isotopically, chronologically and thermobarometrically from orogen to orogen, within orogens and even within individual terranes. The variations reflect: (1) derivation from different mantle sources (oceanic or continental lithosphere, asthenosphere); (2) perturbations while the mantle wedges were above subducting oceanic lithosphere; and (3) changes within the host crustal slabs during intrusion, subduction and exhumation. Peridotite caught within mantle wedges above oceanic subduction zones will tend to recrystallize and be contaminated by fluids derived from the subducting oceanic crust. These ‘subduction zone peridotites’ intrude during the subsequent subduction of continental crust. Low‐pressure protoliths introduced at shallow (serpentinite, plagioclase peridotite) and intermediate (spinel peridotite) mantle depths (20–50 km) may be carried to deeper levels within the host slab and undergo high‐pressure metamorphism along with the enclosing rocks. If subducted deeply enough, the peridotites will develop garnet‐bearing assemblages that are isofacial with, and give the same recrystallization ages as, the eclogite facies country rocks. Peridotites introduced at deeper levels (50–120 km) may already contain garnet when they intrude and will not necessarily be isofacial or isochronous with the enclosing crustal rocks. Some garnet peridotites recrystallize from spinel peridotite precursors at very high temperatures (c. 1200 °C) and may derive ultimately from the asthenosphere. Other peridotites are from old (>1 Ga), cold (c. 850 °C), subcontinental mantle (‘relict peridotites’) and seem to require the development of major intra‐cratonic faults to effect their intrusion. 相似文献
16.
Metamorphic zonations on presumably subducted lithospheric plates from Japan,California and the Alps
W. G. Ernst 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1971,34(1):43-59
High-pressure blueschist-type mineral parageneses from the Sanbagawa belt of southwestern Japan, the Franciscan terrane of western California and the Sesia zone, Pennine and Helvetic realms of the central Alps may reflect metamorphic conditions attending lithospheric plate descent. The observed progressive metamorphic sequences seemingly have developed chiefly, but not exclusively within the confines of oceanic crust, and evidently mark the suture zones between pairs of convergent lithospheric plates. The downgoing slabs have developed relatively near-surface (1) zeolitized rocks and apparently at successively greater depths (2) pumpellyite-bearing rocks, (3) greenschists and/or blueschists, and (4) albite-amphibolites; eclogitic assemblages are characteristic of the highergrade environments. The sense of metamorphic progression (1)→(2)→(3)→(4) marks the direction of presumed lithospheric underflow. Profound pressure discontinuities revealed by mineral assemblage contrasts across the plate junctions indicate that the high-pressure terranes must have risen great distances subsequent to the blueschist-type recrystallization. This conclusion is supported in California and the Alps by the exposure of rocks interpreted as basal portions of the oceanic or continental crust+upper mantle in the overlying lithospheric slabs; such sections appear to have been dragged upwards adjacent to the plate junctions during the buoyant rise of the underlying and subducted blueschistic slabs subsequent to active plate convergence. The exposed widths of the high-pressure metamorphic belts roughly correlate with the depths of inferred crustal subduction now exhumed of 25–35 km or more. 相似文献
17.
Jean H.Bédard 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,(1)
The lower plate is the dominant agent in modern convergent margins characterized by active subduction,as negatively buoyant oceanic lithosphere sinks into the asthenosphere under its own weight.This is a strong plate-driving force because the slab-pull force is transmitted through the stiff sub-oceanic lithospheric mantle.As geological and geochemical data seem inconsistent with the existence of modernstyle ridges and arcs in the Archaean,a periodically-destabilized stagnant-lid crust system is proposed instead.Stagnant-lid intervals may correspond to periods of layered mantle convection where efficient cooling was restricted to the upper mantle,perturbing Earth's heat generation/loss balance,eventually triggering mantle overturns.Archaean basalts were derived from fertile mantle in overturn upwelling zones(OUZOs),which were larger and longer-lived than post-Archaean plumes.Early cratons/continents probably formed above OUZOs as large volumes of basalt and komatiite were delivered for protracted periods,allowing basal crustal cannibalism,garnetiferous crustal restite delamination,and coupled development of continental crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle.Periodic mixing and rehomogenization during overturns retarded development of isotopically depleted MORB(mid-ocean ridge basalt)mantle.Only after the start of true subduction did sequestration of subducted slabs at the coremantle boundary lead to the development of the depleted MORB mantle source.During Archaean mantle overturns,pre-existing continents located above OUZOs would be strongly reworked;whereas OUZOdistal continents would drift in response to mantle currents.The leading edge of drifting Archaean continents would be convergent margins characterized by terrane accretion,imbrication,subcretion and anatexis of unsubductable oceanic lithosphere.As Earth cooled and the background oceanic lithosphere became denser and stiffer,there would be an increasing probability that oceanic crustal segments could founder in an organized way,producing a gradual evolution of pre-subduction convergent margins into modern-style active subduction systems around 2.5 Ga.Plate tectonics today is constituted of:(1)a continental drift system that started in the Early Archaean,driven by deep mantle currents pressing against the Archaean-age sub-continental lithospheric mantle keels that underlie Archaean cratons;(2)a subduction-driven system that started near the end of the Archaean. 相似文献
18.
板块俯冲起始与大陆地壳演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
组成大陆地壳的物质主要来自两个地质过程:地幔柱活动和板块俯冲。目前大多数研究认为板块俯冲起始于30多亿年前。在板块俯冲起始之前,基性的初始地壳物质受热重熔是大陆地壳生长的主要方式,其中,地幔柱活动是关键。地幔柱不仅向地壳输送玄武质岩浆,同时导致已有玄武质岩石和沉积岩通过部分熔融向中酸性岩石转化。当原始岩石圈强度足够大时,地幔柱会导致岩石圈倾斜、破裂,产生下滑力,诱发板块俯冲。板块俯冲引发岩浆活动,产生大量的岩浆岩,如岛弧安山岩、弧后盆玄武岩等。这些岩浆岩通过喷发、侵位,再经由块体拼贴、增生等过程加入到大陆地壳,是大陆地壳生长的主要途径。同时,板内岩浆活动乃至地幔柱活动等也与板块俯冲有直接或者间接的联系。俯冲再循环物质促进地幔柱发育,也为大陆地壳的生长提供物源和热能。与此同时,大陆地壳不断风化剥蚀,其中一部分沉积物随俯冲板块再循环到地幔,而板块俯冲过程也通过俯冲剥蚀等过程,将仰冲盘岩石圈物质刮削带入地幔。这些是大陆地壳消减的主要途径。目前大陆地壳增生和消减基本处于动态平衡。 相似文献
19.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(5)
The paper discusses generation of volatile-bearing plumes in the mantle transition zone(MTZ) in terms of mineral-fluid petrology and their related formation of numerous localities of intra-plate bimodal volcanic series in Central and East Asia.The plume generation in the MTZ can be triggered by the tectonic erosion of continental crust at Pacific-type convergent margins and by the presence of water and carbon dioxide in the mantle.Most probable sources of volatiles are the hyclrated/carbonated sediments and basalts and serpentinite of oceanic slabs,which can be subducted down to the deep mantle.Tectonic erosion of continental crust supplies crustal material enriched in uranium and thorium into the mantle,which can serve source of heat in the MTZ.The heating in the MTZ induces melting of subducted slabs and continental crust and mantle upwelling,to produce OIB-type mafic and felsic melts,respectively. 相似文献