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1.
The deleterious effect of moisture in the microstructure of asphalt mixtures, usually referred to as moisture damage, has been recognized as a main cause of early deterioration of asphalt pavements. The initiation and evolution of moisture‐related deterioration is strongly influenced by the internal air void structure of asphalt mixtures. Despite its importance, the majority of works conducted on the micromechanical modeling of asphalt mixtures overlook the role of the air void structure, mainly because of its high complexity and variability. This paper explores the influence of air void variability on the performance of asphalt mixtures subjected to moisture diffusion processes. A stochastic modeling technique based on random field theory was used to generate internal distributions of physical and mechanical properties of the asphalt matrix of the mixture that depend on probable air voids distributions. The analysis was conducted by means of a coupled numerical micromechanical model of moisture damage. The results showed that the variability and distribution of air voids are decisive in determining the moisture‐dependent performance of asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, it was also shown that a stochastic characterization of the diverse air void configurations is a feasible and useful approach to better represent and understand mechanically related deterioration processes in asphalt mixtures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
基于混凝土面板堆石坝面板施工的实际情况,指出了通常混凝土面板堆石数值计算在模拟面板施工算法上的缺陷。提出了面板堆石坝竣工期上游坝坡修整力学问题,建立了一种适合平面问题和三维问题的统一坝坡修整算法,对任何采用接触模型模拟垫层料和混凝土面板受力特性的有限元计算模型,都具有普遍意义,并在有限元软件ABAQUS中实现了该算法。算例分析表明：该算法简洁和有效,能够保持良好的网格形态,使接触非线性计算收敛速度极大改善,并使蓄水状态下混凝土面板和坝体计算结果更趋于真实。同时,对考虑堆石料流变特性,研究施工阶段或蓄水后混凝土面板与垫层之间是否会发生“脱空”现象提供必要基础。 相似文献
3.
黄土是一种具有特殊结构的多孔隙、弱胶结的松散沉积物,存在典型的微观架空结构,其力学行为是微观结构变形与破坏的宏观体现。从本质上揭示黄土的力学行为,需从黄土微结构出发,而黄土的物质组成和微结构特征受其特殊的风积成因所控制,基于此本文提出了一种模拟黄土沉积过程并构建其初始结构模型的方法。为了生成黄土沉积后所形成的微结构模型,并对其进行变形模拟,首先在确定黄土颗粒形态的基础上利用Monte Carlo法生成沉积前的黄土颗粒群,然后引入非连续变形分析方法(DDA)模拟颗粒的下落,该方法能够模拟颗粒下落过程中的相互碰撞及摩擦,由此建立与实际比较接近的黄土初始结构模型。从模型中可以识别出大、中、小3类孔隙结构和台阶(staircase)、重叠(stack)、点接触(point contact)、T型4种接触形式。对所生成的黄土结构模型进行不同压力下的压缩试验,选择不同部位的颗粒作出了径向分布函数,从微观角度说明了黄土在压缩过程中大孔隙和架空结构会首先被破坏。设计了与数值模拟相同条件下的物理模型试验,将两者试验结果进行对比,结果表明数值模拟与物理模型试验的e-lgp压缩曲线的趋势大致相同,表明所提出方法是可行的。该方法为进一步开展黄土力学行为的微观分析提供了基础。 相似文献
4.
针对塔里木盆地深部煤层钻井过程中钻井液漏失和井壁垮塌等井下复杂问题,采用镜质体反射率分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法测试了煤的微观结构和理化性能。明确了煤层的失稳机理:煤中固定碳质量分数平均超过60%,镜质体反射率大于1.0%,煤化程度高、性脆、易破碎;黏土矿物总的体积分数低于25%,黏土中不含强水敏性矿物蒙脱石;煤层割理呈网状分布,其宽度主要集中在1~10 μm,易漏失。综合判定煤层失稳类型为力学失稳。以煤层微观结构为目标,结合钻井液材料粒度分布,优选沥青类封堵剂,设计出适用于煤层的沥青质聚磺防塌钻井液体系,其性能测试结果表明:沥青质聚磺防塌钻井液滤失量低、泥饼薄,能有效封堵煤的绝大部分割理,减少钻井液侵入量,防止煤层垮塌。研究成果一定程度上为塔里木盆地深部煤层的安全高效钻井提供技术保障。 相似文献
5.
A bounding surface elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model for non‐isothermal cyclic analysis of asphaltic materials 
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下载免费PDF全文 An elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model for asphaltic materials is presented within the context of bounding surface plasticity theory, taking into account the effects of the stress state, void binder degree of saturation, temperature and strain rate on the material behaviour. A stress state dependent non‐linear elasticity model is introduced to represent time‐independent recoverable portion of the deformation. The consistent visco‐plasticity framework is utilised to capture the rate‐dependent, non‐recoverable strain components. The material parameters introduced in the model are identified, and their determination from conventional laboratory tests is discussed. The capability of the model to reproduce experimentally observed response of asphaltic materials is demonstrated through numerical simulations of several laboratory test data from the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
在吸附性气体作用下,煤体将产生吸附应变,吸附应变通过使煤微观结构重新排列从而诱发煤损伤,并使其力学性质劣化。尽管大量试验证实了吸附性气体将会改变煤的力学特性,然而当前描述煤-气相互作用的力学模型并未将吸附诱发的损伤考虑其中,故也无法考虑气体吸附诱发煤强度劣化。基于此,建立一个考虑气体吸附损伤的双重孔隙介质力学模型,揭示气体吸附过程诱发的两个相互作用：一个是游离气体引起的常规弹性力学作用,一个是吸附气体诱发的内部膨胀应力,并在此基础上考虑两个力学作用所带来了煤的附加损伤。研究结果表明：气体吸附诱发煤基质产生细观损伤,以拉伸损伤为主,这使煤的力学性质劣化,表现为弹性模量和强度的降低。吸附能力越强的气体,诱发煤的微观结构改变越大,损伤越明显,甚至会诱发煤样呈现新的破坏形态。超临界CO2会诱发煤更大的损伤和强度劣化。 相似文献
7.
The suitability of a lateritic soil developed on olivine basalt in western southeast Queensland, Australia, as paving material has been investigated. The particle size distribution and plasticity characteristics of the soil do not comply with the standard specification for paving materials. However, the soil has a high shear strength, resulting in a low Western Australian Confined Compression Test class number. The high shear strength of the soil at its in situ moisture content is due to its high angle of shearing resistance and its suction under in situ moisture conditions. Volumetric shrinkage of the soil does not constitute a problem as its shrinkage is low. The in situ strength of a pavement constructed with the lateritic soil, determined using a Clegg impact hammer, and the field dry density, have increased with time and the passage of traffic since construction. The pavement performance was good. A criteria suitable for the selection of a lateritic soil as paving material under the climatic conditions prevailing in western southeast Queensland has been suggested. 相似文献
8.
针对粗粒料的应变软化、剪胀等力学特性,通过考虑以剪切带为标志的应变局部化现象,建立了具有广泛适用性的剪切损伤力学模型。损伤模型采用了包体理论中的剪切带数学简化,基于应变等价原理、Weibull分布,推导了粗粒料的应力-应变关系方程。从剪胀作用的机制出发,提出可以描述剪胀弱化的轴向塑性应变和体积塑性应变的非线性函数关系。结合粗粒料三轴压缩试验中的伺服过程,提出了基于遗传算法的损伤模型参数确定方法。通过开展不同围压下的粗粒料三轴压缩试验,对剪切损伤力学模型进行验证,进一步分析了参数演化对粗粒料强度和变形特征的影响。研究结果表明,考虑应变局部化特征的剪切损伤力学模型可以高精度的模拟粗粒料的应变软化和剪胀等特征,有效揭示剪切带内部变形对试样整体宏观变形的影响机制,模型中剪切带参数和围压的关系与粗粒料细观机制一致,计算得到强度组成与颗粒破碎、重组特征较为吻合。 相似文献
9.
Masoud K. Darabi Rashid K. Abu Al‐Rub Eyad A. Masad Dallas N. Little 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(7):817-854
Based on the continuum damage mechanics, a general and comprehensive thermodynamic‐based framework for coupling the temperature‐dependent viscoelastic, viscoplastic, and viscodamage behaviors of bituminous materials is presented. This general framework derives systematically Schapery‐type nonlinear viscoelasticity, Perzyna‐type viscoplasticity, and a viscodamage model analogous to the Perzyna‐type viscoplasticity. The resulting constitutive equations are implemented in the well‐known finite element code Abaqus via the user material subroutine UMAT. A systematic procedure for identifying the model parameters is discussed. Finally, the model is validated by comparing the model predictions with a comprehensive set of experimental data on hot mix asphalt that include creep‐recovery, creep, uniaxial constant strain rate, and repeated creep‐recovery tests in both tension and compression over a range of temperatures, stress levels, and strain rates. Comparisons between model predictions and experimental measurements show that the presented constitutive model is capable of predicting the nonlinear behavior of asphaltic mixes under different loading conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
外部荷载作用下的裂隙扩展在空间上一般是非均匀的,引起岩石材料的衍生各向异性。将材料离散成大量随机分布的由力键连结的物质点,基于力键的方向性,且将局部弹性张量离散成一定数量的方向张量,理论推导出力键模量与宏观弹性参数之间的关系。通过考虑力键断裂效应,建立了各向异性弹性损伤本构模型。为了模拟中等孔隙率岩石在常规三轴压缩试验中脆性向延性转变的力学行为,在力键断裂效应中引入损伤抑制函数。通过模拟Tennessee大理岩和Indiana石灰岩的常规三轴实验,并与试验数据对比,验证了模型的合理性和有效性。 相似文献
11.
砂-膨润土混合屏障材料渗透性影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
膨润土因具有渗透性低、阳离子交换能力高等优点被认为是最适合高放废物深地质处置库中屏障系统的缓冲材料,工程实践发现随着水化过程的进行,纯高压实膨润土强度不断降低,并最终影响到工程屏障系统功能的发挥。针对这一问题,在膨润土中加入一定比例的石英砂,可以有效地提高工程屏障的热传导特性、压实性、力学强度和长期稳定性,降低工程造价。本文研究了影响砂-膨润土混合物渗透性的主要因素,包括膨润土含量、粒径分布、含水量和干密度、压实方法以及膨润土类型等。结果表明,砂土混合物渗透性主要受膨润土的渗透性控制,渗透系数随着膨润土含量和干密度的增加而减小,当膨润土含量超过某一界限值后,继续增加膨润土含量对降低渗透系数的作用有限;细颗粒和级配良好的混合物渗透系数小,当土体内部发生渗透侵蚀将增大渗透系数;最优含水量条件下压实得到的渗透系数最低,高于最优含水量压实得到的渗透系数比低于最优含水量压实得到的渗透系数要小。 相似文献
12.
Strain gradient implies an important characteristic in localized damage deformation, which can be observed in the softening state of brittle materials, and strain gradients constitute the basic behaviours of localization failure area of the materials. The most important point in strain gradient is its damaging function including an internal length scale, which can be used to express the scale effects of mechanical responses of brittle rock mass. By extending the strain gradient theory and introducing an intrinsic material length scale into the constitutive law, the authors develop an isotropic damage model as well as a micro‐crack‐based anisotropic damage model for rock‐like materials in this paper. The proposed models were used to simulate the damage localization under uniaxial tension and plain strain compression, respectively. The simulated results well illustrated the potential of these models in dealing with the well‐known mesh‐sensitivity problem in FEM. In the computation, elements with C1 continuity have been implemented to incorporate the proposed models for failure localization. When regular rectangle elements are encountered, the coupling between finite difference method (FDM) and conventional finite element method (FEM) is used to avoid large modification to the existing FEM code, and to obtain relatively higher efficiency and reasonably good accuracy. Application of the anisotropic model to the 3D‐non‐linear FEM analysis of Ertan arch dam has been conducted and the results of its numerical simulation coincide well with those from the failure behaviours obtained by Ertan geophysical model test. In this paper, new applications of gradient theories and models for a feasible approach to simulate localized damage in brittle materials are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
In recent years, binary mixtures have been the subject of numerous experimental and numerical studies. However, few attempts have been made on investigating the effect of fines content (fc) on the non-associated plasticity of binary mixtures, which is significant for constitutive modelling of such material. Thanks to 2D DEM simulations, this study aims to provide an understanding of how fc affects the non-associated character of the flow rule and the resulting material instability in binary mixtures. For under-filled materials (where coarse grains constitute most of the load-bearing skeleton), fine grains help to stabilize the granular assembly (1) by limiting macroscopic plastic deformations, which results in strain hardening, and (2) by reducing contractive microstructure reorganizations, which reduces the gap between the associated and non-associated flow rule directions. Fines content influences the plastic flow direction but has no influence on normal direction of yield surface. Eventually, perspectives on mesoscale mechanisms are given to highlight the role of fine grains in the geometrical and mechanical properties of granular materials.
相似文献14.
黏性土在失水过程中逐渐变形开裂,裂隙相互交错形成网络,这一过程涉及水热力等多场耦合的作用。本文基于南京大学自主研发的三维离散元软件MatDEM,采用紧密堆积离散元模型对土体开裂进行模拟。在此模型中,每个离散元单元代表一定体积的土颗粒、孔隙和孔隙水的集合体。单元具有含水量属性,并采用有限差分思想计算水分运移量,实现了水分场模拟。同时,考虑水分场对土体抗拉强度等力学性质的影响,建立水分场和应力场的耦合。在数值模拟中,假定土体表面水分以一定速率蒸发,根据试验数据由含水量计算单元直径和力学参数,从而实现黏土蒸发失水、收缩和开裂变形过程模拟。数值模拟与前人室内试验结果基本一致,能较好地再现开裂过程中的各个阶段。本文为研究多场作用下土体变形破坏模拟提供了一个新的思路。 相似文献
15.
Panichev Aleksander Seryodkin Ivan Popov Vladimir Chekryzhov Igor Makarevich Raisa Lutsenko Tatiana Stolyarova Tatiana Sergievich Aleksander Khoroshikh Pavel Maksimova Darya Petrunenko Yury 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2020,13(4):1-11
This paper establishes a mechanical model of the stress distribution in front of the driving face during coal roadway excavation. Theoretical research shows that the stress state in the plastic zone of the driving face is consistent with the limit equilibrium equation, and the elastic zone is in accordance with the equilibrium equation based on elasticity mechanics. Based on this improved mechanical state solution model, different coal material constitutive hypotheses are used for the analysis. The width of the plastic zone calculated under the brittle-perfectly elastic model can reach 2–5 times the height of the roadway, and the stress concentration coefficient can reach two or more times. 3DEC numerical simulation software was used to simulate the stress distribution of the heading face. The results of the simulation are similar to those of the theoretical analysis. Compared with the elastic-perfectly plastic model, the calculated results of the brittle-perfectly elastic model are more consistent with the numerical simulation results. The heading face coal during roadway excavation shows obvious damage, and the strength characteristics of the coal decrease. 相似文献
16.
基于岩石力学试验成果的基础上,论证了统计损伤力学对脆性岩石单轴压缩变形破坏的解释的合理性。进而提出采用平行杆模型模拟洞室围岩,以西南某深埋隧洞为例,推出了岩爆应力强度比判据分界点的统计损伤意义。并通过对比理论曲线与实际岩爆的声发射特征及整体围岩变形破坏表现,从统计损伤理论上解释了岩爆的发生机理。 相似文献
17.
为了探究不同含水率砂岩单轴压缩下力学特性及损伤变化情况,首先对5种不同含水率砂岩进行静态单轴压缩实验,获得其物理力学参数;而后利用超声波检测仪测量该5种不同含水率砂岩的波速,将该批次砂岩加载到80%峰值强度后卸载到0,测量此时砂岩声波波速,利用声波法定义损伤,研究含水率对砂岩损伤的影响。结果表明:单轴压缩下,砂岩的峰值强度及弹性模量随含水率升高逐渐降低,而峰值应变变化呈相反趋势;总功及弹性能随含水率增加而下降,耗散能随含水率增加而增大。实验前声波波速随含水率升高逐渐减小,实验后声波波速随含水率升高而下降,且下降趋势较实验前更迅速;砂岩的残余塑性变形和内部损伤均随含水率升高逐渐增大。研究结果可为现场岩石损伤测试提供依据。 相似文献
18.
碎屑砂岩三轴压缩下强度和变形特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于碎屑岩组织结构疏松、含水率较高、物理力学性能较差、呈孔隙式胶结接触等特点,对碎屑砂岩首先开展了物理特性试验分析,认为其微、细观结构复杂、内部破坏严重,矿物成分为石英、长石、绢云母等,化学成分以SiO2为主,属微透水、小孔隙率砂岩,且渗水化学侵蚀并不显著。其次,开展了静水压力、单轴压缩和三轴压缩试验,研究了碎屑砂岩的强度和变形破坏特性。最后,初步探索了物理特性与强度变形特性的关系。结果表明,静水压力为2.6 MPa时,岩样内部微缺陷压密完成;单轴压缩曲线呈明显6阶段特征,峰值应力达0.98 MPa,属脆-延性破坏;三轴压缩条件下,岩样呈压缩为主的延性扩容破坏,轴向压缩和环向体积扩容达6%和4%;曲线无明显破坏荷载,呈现非线性、塑性硬化、存在屈服平台和体积由压缩向扩容过渡等特性。且体积扩容破损应力与屈服应力基本相同,扩容转折点随围压增加而增大,围压可增强岩样抵抗变形破坏的能力。试验结果旨在为岩石工程稳定分析及本构模型构建提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
19.
David Amitrano 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(6):505-512
We propose a mechanical model for the behaviour of rocks based on progressive damage at the elementary scale and elastic interaction. It allows us to simulate several experimental observations: mechanical behaviour ranging from brittle to ductile, fractal structure of the damage, power-law distribution of the damage avalanches. These macroscopic properties are not incorporated at the elementary scale, but are the results of the interaction between elements. This emerging complexity permits us to consider the strain rock process as a complex system characterized by non-linear dynamics. To cite this article: D. Amitrano, C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
20.
用三维梁-颗粒模型BPM3D(beam-particlemodelinthreedimensions)对岩石类非均质脆性材料的力学性质和破坏过程进行了数值模拟。梁-颗粒模型是在离散单元法基础上,结合有限单元法中的网格模型提出的用于模拟岩石类材料损伤破坏过程的数值模型。在模型中,材料在细观层次上被离散为颗粒单元集合体,相邻颗粒单元由有限单元法中的弹脆性梁单元联结。梁单元的力学性质均按韦伯(Weibull)分布随机赋值,以模拟岩石类材料力学参数的空间变异性。材料内部裂纹通过断开梁单元来模拟。通过自动生成的非均质材料模型对岩石类材料的破坏机理进行研究。岩石类非均质脆性材料在单轴压缩状态下破坏过程细观数值模拟结果显示,岩石材料宏观破坏是由于其内部细观裂纹产生、扩展、贯通的结果。通过数值模拟结果之间的对比分析,揭示出岩石试样宏观破坏模式随细观层次上韦伯分布参数的变化而不同。与实际矿柱破坏形态的对比分析表明了模型的适用性。根据数值模拟结果对岩石类非均质材料的破坏机理进行了探讨。 相似文献