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This paper establishes a mechanical model of the stress distribution in front of the driving face during coal roadway excavation. Theoretical research shows that the stress state in the plastic zone of the driving face is consistent with the limit equilibrium equation, and the elastic zone is in accordance with the equilibrium equation based on elasticity mechanics. Based on this improved mechanical state solution model, different coal material constitutive hypotheses are used for the analysis. The width of the plastic zone calculated under the brittle-perfectly elastic model can reach 2–5 times the height of the roadway, and the stress concentration coefficient can reach two or more times. 3DEC numerical simulation software was used to simulate the stress distribution of the heading face. The results of the simulation are similar to those of the theoretical analysis. Compared with the elastic-perfectly plastic model, the calculated results of the brittle-perfectly elastic model are more consistent with the numerical simulation results. The heading face coal during roadway excavation shows obvious damage, and the strength characteristics of the coal decrease.  相似文献   
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The article focuses on the development of the reasons of the consumption by the wild herbivorous animals of the subsurface rocks in the apical part of Alous and Atamagu mountains, situated on the territory of the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve. It was investigated the mineralogical and geochemical peculiarities of the eaten and not eaten rocks, the chemical composition of their water extracts and also the chemical composition of vegetation. It was determined that the consumed rocks mainly consist of the clay mineral illite, crystalline silica, hydrous micas and chlorites and are the derivatives of eolation of the Paleozoic granitoids in one case, and argillite–aleurolites of the Jurassic age in the second case. The chemical composition of the aqueous extracts demonstrated the relatively low contents of natrium and other macrocomponents in comparison with the non-consumed rocks, and also the increased content of lanthanides. The elicited facts are not compatible with the hypothesis that the pursuance for geophagia in animals at Caucasus can be connected with the peculiarities of elements change from lanthanide group in the organism.  相似文献   
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