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1.
长沙-平江(长-平)成矿带位于江南造山带中段,金资源储量达250余吨。该区金矿床是典型的沉积变质岩容矿的热液脉状金矿床,构造控矿特征清晰,然而巨量金来源与矿床成因尚不明确。正冲金矿床主体赋存于新元古代变质沉积岩中,矿区内同时发育少量花岗岩体,是识别不同地质体对成矿贡献的理想选择。因此,本文选取正冲金矿床,在野外宏观地质工作基础上,系统开展了成矿阶段划分与载金硫化物同位素地球化学测试等工作。正冲金矿床严格受控于NNE-NE向的长-平断裂及其次级断裂系统,矿体呈脉状,走向NW或NNE,蚀变分带不明显。正冲金矿床矿物组合简单:早阶段发育有乳白色贫矿石英与白云母;成矿主阶段为石英细脉与自然金黄铁矿毒砂-多金属硫化物-少量绿泥石;成矿晚阶段发育有石英-方解石脉。其中,黄铁矿与毒砂是矿床内自然金与不可见金重要的载体。为弱化毒砂和黄铁矿裂隙中细粒多金属硫化物对同位素地球化学结果的干扰,本次研究挑选自形、未变形的毒砂、黄铁矿颗粒测试研究。实验结果表明载金毒砂铅同位素组成~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb与~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb分别为37.867～38.285、15.555～15.663与17.743-18.073,略高于黄铁矿铅同位素组成37.774～38.268、15.547～15.660与17.670～18.021;毒砂δ~(34)S变化幅度较小(-4.7‰～-0.9‰,均值为-3.0%),略高于黄铁矿δ~(34)S值(-9.1‰～-1.1‰,均值为-4.4‰),成矿流体氧逸度约为10~(-30.7)。正冲金矿床硫、铅同位素组成与赋矿围岩、区域内岩体和斑岩型矿床同位素特征具有较大差异,说明区内岩体与赋矿地层并不是正冲金矿床成矿物质的主要来源。金矿床成矿物质具有深源特征,可能来源于比冷家溪群地层变质程度更高、沉积位置更深的变质沉积岩。结合区域地质背景、金矿床地质-地球化学特征与成矿年代学资料,推断正冲金矿床为造山型金矿床。  相似文献   

2.
蓬莱金矿区位于胶东三大金矿带中的栖霞-蓬莱金矿带内。本文系统研究了该金矿化集中区内的黑岚沟、大柳行和河西金矿的 S、Pb、Rb-Sr 同位素地球化学特征,并与招远-掖县成矿带中的玲珑金矿化集中区内的大型-超大型金矿床进行了对比研究。蓬莱金矿区δ~(34)S 值总体变化为6.3‰～9.5‰,平均值为7.5‰。其中河西金矿δ~(34)S 值为7.4‰～8.5‰,黑岚沟金矿δ~(34)S 值为6.3‰～9.5‰,大柳行金矿δ~(34)S 值为6.4‰～8.2‰。不同矿床的硫同位素组成差异十分小,并与玲珑金矿区的硫同位素组成相近(δ~(34)S=6.4‰～8.6‰,平均值为7.6‰)。蓬莱金矿区的铅同位素组成变化小,其中河西金矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb 为17.3086～17.4799,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb 为15.5264～15.5543,~(208)pb/~(204)Pb 为38.0642～38.3698;大柳行金矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb 为17.3653～ 17.5037.~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb 为15.5142～15.5355,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 为38.1249～38.31 36:黑岚沟金矿~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb 为17.3558～17.5958,~(207)Ph/~(204)Pb 为15.5105～15.5746,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为38.0749～38.4361。投影到 Zartman and Doe(1981)铅构造模式图上,成分点落在造山带演化线附近。蓬莱金矿区与玲珑金矿区的铅同位素组成基本一致,部分数据与矿区内煌斑岩的铅同位素组成相近,而与赋矿围岩郭家岭花岗岩相差甚远,表明矿体中的铅可能与煌癍岩有相同的源区。矿石铅呈线性趋势分布,它正好位于煌斑岩与一个极具放射成因铅的胶东群地层的铅同位素组成之间,很可能说明矿石铅是壳幔混合的产物。对蓬莱金矿区黄铁矿的 Rb-Sr 同位素分析结果表明,河西金矿的成矿年龄为122.3±3.1Ma(MSWD=1.7),初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 比值为0.71208;黑岚沟和大柳行金矿的成矿年龄为117.8±6.5Ma(MSWD=17),初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 比值为0.71085。说明蓬莱金矿区具有与玲珑金矿区相近的成矿时代,两者均为120Ma 左右。锶同位素初始比值也说明成矿物质具有壳慢混合的特征。从蓬莱金矿区具有与玲珑金矿区一致的地质、地球化学和年代学特征可知,蓬莱金矿区具有产出大型一超大型金矿的巨大远景。  相似文献   

3.
西天山博故图金矿床H-O-S-Pb同位素示踪和Re-Os法测年   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
博故图金矿床是西天山近年新发现的一处大型金矿床,位于新疆特克斯县城北东部依什基里克成矿带东段。金矿体赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组火山岩地层中的NW或EW向断裂构造破碎带内,呈脉状或透镜状。由金矿体到两侧火山岩地层围岩,基本对称依次出现硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、青磐岩化等热液蚀变。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、毒砂、方铅矿、闪锌矿、银金矿、辉银矿,脉石矿物主要有石英、玉髓、方解石、绢云母等。电子探针观测发现矿石中自然金主要在黄铁矿内呈包裹金,或在其他金属硫化物粒间赋存。含金脉石英氢氧同位素分析和计算表明,成矿流体δ18O水-SMOW=-4.2‰~1.4‰,δDV-SMOW=-111.2‰~-94.1‰,主体属循环的大气降水。矿区金属硫化物的δ34SV-CDT范围为-7.5‰~5.8‰,均值为0.45‰,接近于原始地幔硫,矿石铅和火山岩铅同位素组成特征基本一致,206Pb/~(204)Pb=18.243~18.535,207Pb/~(204)Pb=15.565~15.753,208Pb/~(204)Pb=38.021~38.647,结合载金黄铁矿的187Os/188Os(i)平均值为0.774±0.076,γOs(t)平均值为520,显示成矿物质主要来自赋矿围岩大哈拉军山组火山岩。载金黄铁矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为356.1±9.3Ma(MSWD=16),矿区火山岩年龄为344±6Ma~368.3±1.7Ma。博故图金矿床应为低硫型浅成低温热液金矿。  相似文献   

4.
九三沟金矿床是吉林省延边地区一座典型的浅成中高温热液金矿床.为了深入研究其成矿规律,首次对延边地区九三沟金矿床赋矿围岩蚀变闪长玢岩进行了锆石LA- ICP-MS年代学精细研究.实验获得单颗粒锆石U-Pb谐和年龄在103～ 116 Ma之间,其加权平均年龄为109.3±2.1 Ma(MSWD=7.0,n=18),代表闪长玢岩成岩年龄.谐和年龄可被细分为两段:112～116 Ma(平均值=113.1±1.1 Ma,n=9,MSWD=0.55,置信度为0.82)和103～110 Ma(平均值=105.8±1.8 Ma,n=9,MSWD=2.2,置信度为0.022).结合年龄数据、锆石晶形和CL图像特征,初步厘定前者应代表闪长玢岩主体结晶年龄,而后者则代表岩浆演化结束的时代.再结合区域成矿规律和之前取得的成果,限定九三沟金矿成矿作用应发生在106 Ma之后,成矿环境适值早白垩世晚期伊泽奈崎板块向古亚洲大陆边缘俯冲消亡、中国东部大陆边缘燕山造山期末的走滑、伸展构造转换过程.  相似文献   

5.
卢琦园  郑义  王成明  王岳军 《地球科学》2018,43(9):3141-3153
新疆乌拉斯沟铜矿床位于阿尔泰造山带南缘克兰盆地内,为近年来新发现的矿床,受NW向断裂控制的脉状矿体产于泥盆系康布铁堡组变质火山岩系中,目前其成矿流体和成矿物质来源尚不明确.在细致的矿床地质研究基础上,通过开展S-Pb-Sr-Nd-C-H-O同位素分析,根据野外和显微镜下观察,可将乌拉斯沟铜矿床的形成划分为黄铁矿-磁铁矿-石英、黄铜矿-绿泥石-绿帘石-石英及石英-碳酸盐阶段.同位素分析结果显示:乌拉斯沟铜矿硫化物样品δ34S值为0.1‰~3.2‰,平均为1.6‰,落入未矿化围岩δ34S值范围（-4.7‰~18.68‰）,矿石硫可能源自康布铁堡组.成矿晚阶段的方解石样品δ13CV-PDB‰=-1.1‰,δ18OV-PDB‰=-20.3‰,海相碳酸盐地层和有机碳是可能的碳质来源.8件黄铁矿的Pb同位素为206Pb/204Pb=17.939~18.508（平均18.255）,207Pb/204Pb=15.519~15.674（平均15.578）,208Pb/204Pb=37.881~38.653（平均38.209）,与康布铁堡组围岩类似.初始ISr（220 Ma）为0.710 4~0.711 7,平均值为0.711 1,初始143Nd/144Nd值为0.512 002~0.512 240（平均0.512 103）.矿石Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成均指示乌拉斯沟铜矿成矿物质可能主要源自围岩康布铁堡组,并可能有外来成矿物质的加入.流体的δDV-SMOW变化于-103.8‰~-92‰（平均值为-99.2‰）,石英和方解石矿物的δ18OV-SMOW值集中在9.4‰~11.5‰（平均值为10.4‰）,δ18OH2O值为2.1‰~4.2‰（平均值为3.1‰）,结合流体包裹体物理化学特征,成矿热液可能来源于变质水,但可能受到大气降水的影响而偏移.因此,乌拉斯沟铜矿成矿物质主要来源于赋矿围岩的变质脱挥发分作用,这与造山型矿床的成矿机制吻合.   相似文献   

6.
都龙锡锌矿床是我国最大的锡石硫化物矿床之一。由于缺少可靠的年代学数据,对该矿床的成因尚存在较大争议。本文报道了利用锡石和锆石U-Pb法,首次获得的都龙锡锌矿床及相关的燕山晚期老君山花岗岩的年龄。其中,锡石TIMS法~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为79.8±3.2Ma(MSWD=3.16),(238)U/~(204)Pb-~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb等时线年龄为82.0±9.6Ma (MSWD=4.81);隐伏花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP法~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为92.9±1.9Ma(N=10,MSWD=0.71),花岗斑岩的锆石SHRIMP法~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为86.9±1.4Ma(N=9,MSWD=3.70),表明锡(铜)矿化主要与晚白垩世岩浆热液活动有关。结合个旧、白牛厂两个超大型矿床和相关花岗岩体的年代学资料,指示滇东南地区于白垩纪存在以锡矿化为特色的大规模花岗岩成岩-成矿事件,可能与晚中生代以来华南地块岩石圈伸展有关。  相似文献   

7.
西藏措勤县鲁尔玛铜(金)矿床为冈底斯成矿带西段新发现的斑岩型矿床,位于中拉萨微陆块的西部,矿体主要呈脉状和不规则状产于含矿斑岩顶部和接触带,矿床形成于晚三叠世(213 Ma)。文章通过研究主成矿阶段硫化物的S-Pb同位素组成特征,并与晚三叠世含矿斑岩体Pb同位素组成进行对比,发现共生硫化物δ34SV-CDT值变化范围较窄(δ34SV-CDT=-2.38‰～1.75‰,极差为4.13‰,均值为-0.64‰),具有深源硫(地幔或下地壳)的特征;共生硫化物(黄铁矿、黄铜矿和毒砂等)Pb同位素(n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)分别为18.450～18.903、15.602～15.669、38.637～39.424)和晚三叠世含矿斑岩的Pb同位素(n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)、n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)分别为18.845～19.560、15.634～15.689、39.273～40.211)具有一致的线性演化曲线,显示出壳幔混合的特征,暗示鲁尔玛铜(金)矿的铅来自于晚三叠世的岩浆活动。研究认为,鲁尔玛铜(金)矿床形成于晚三叠世新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲的环境,成矿物质应源于新生地壳熔融形成的中酸性岩浆。  相似文献   

8.
新疆西天山是"亚洲金腰带"在中国的重要延伸,成矿找矿潜力大。卡特巴阿苏是该区域新发现的大型金矿床,金储量87 t,平均金品位3.84 g/t。矿床形成于中天山北缘靠近那拉提北缘断裂的变形带中,金矿体主要受二长花岗岩体内沿密集韧脆性断裂带分布的蚀变带控制,多呈大型透镜体/似板状体,中部为含金硫化物不规则细/网脉强硅化岩,边部对称出现含金硫化物浸染绢云母绿泥石蚀变岩,黄铁矿和黄铜矿是主要载金矿物,金在黄铁矿中为晶格金,在黄铜矿中为裂隙金或粒间金。卡特巴阿苏金成矿地质体主要为二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb法测得(346.3±3.3)Ma,为早石炭世成岩;矿石中载金黄铁矿Re-Os法测得(310.9±4.2)Ma,为晚石炭世成矿;成矿比成岩大约晚35Ma。金成矿关键控制因素是南天山洋关闭、塔里木板块与中天山陆块碰撞造山过程中的构造-流体作用。金成矿流体中高温(270~390℃)、中低盐度(7%~16%Na Cl eq.)、富CO2,δ18OH2O(V-SMOW)=1.6‰~6.4‰,δDH2O(V-SMOW)=-64‰~-107‰,为深部/变质成因流体;金矿石中黄铁矿(187Os/188Os)i平均为1.449±0.052,REE配分曲线及铅同位素组成(206Pb/204Pb=18.129~18.773、207Pb/204Pb=15.459~15.554,208Pb/204Pb=37.707~38.123)与中天山地壳不同岩石建造单元具有明显相似或关联性,成矿物质来自中天山地壳;硫化物δ34S值(6.92‰~12.15‰)指示矿石硫源于古生代海相地层中硫酸盐热化学还原。卡特巴阿苏金成矿受晚石炭世塔里木板块与中天山陆块碰撞构造应力驱动,金矿床是中天山地壳岩石经受构造-蚀变的综合产物,属"碰撞造山型"金矿床。研究为在新疆西天山持续实现金矿找矿突破提供了新参考。  相似文献   

9.
小秦岭地区是我国最重要的金矿产区之一, 目前对该区金矿床成矿作用存在两种不同的观点, 即与秦岭造山带造山作用有关的早中生代成矿和与中国东部构造体制大转折有关的晚中生代成矿.在矿床地质研究的基础上, 利用激光剥蚀ICP-MS方法对小秦岭矿集区北矿带秦南金矿床的热液独居石进行了U-Th-Pb定年, 获得了高精度的年龄数据, 为北矿带金矿床成矿时代和成矿构造背景提供了新的制约.岩相学研究表明, 所研究的独居石具有完好的晶形, 与载金矿物黄铁矿和石英的结构关系表明它们近于同时形成.13个独居石颗粒的U-Th-Pb同位素组成在206Pb/238U-207Pb/235U和206Pb/238U-208Pb/232Th图解上均位于谐和线上或其附近, 其206Pb/238U和208Pb/233Th加权平均年龄分别为120.9±0.9 Ma(MSWD=1.0)和122.6±1.9 Ma(MSWD=2.6), 在误差范围内完全一致.本次定年结果与小秦岭南矿带众多典型金矿床的Re-Os年龄和40Ar/39Ar年龄一致, 表明独居石的U-Th-Pb同位素体系自矿物形成后一直处于封闭体系, 其U-Pb和U-Th-Pb年龄可以解释为秦南金矿床的成矿时代, 从而表明秦南金矿床形成于燕山期.对已有可靠年龄数据的统计分析表明, 小秦岭地区绝大多数金矿床形成于早白垩世, 证明该区金成矿作用集中发生于晚中生代, 可能与华北克拉通岩石圈减薄作用有关.   相似文献   

10.
西秦岭李坝金矿床地质、同位素地球化学及其成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
李坝金矿床位于西秦岭造山带中的礼-岷矿集区内,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩,矿床产于中川岩体的外侧热接触变质带内,矿体主要受断裂破碎带控制。本文在李坝金矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对赋矿围岩、花岗斑岩岩脉、矿石硫化物进行了LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硫同位素测试及化学溶样法分析,对不同地质体的铅同位素进行了系统测定与示踪,测定了成矿流体的氢-氧同位素组成,并对与矿体相伴产出花岗斑岩脉进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。研究表明,李坝金矿床花岗斑岩脉中黄铁矿δ34S值范围为8.19‰~10.06‰,赋矿围岩中金属硫化物δ34S值范围为4.94‰~9.81‰,矿石硫化物的δ34S值范围为4.94‰~10.82‰,矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成与矿区花岗斑岩及赋矿围岩的硫同位素组成相似,暗示成矿流体中的硫源主要来自受改造或变质的地层岩石与岩浆热液硫的混合。不同地质体的铅同位素组成变化范围较小,在Zartman铅构造模式图解中,样品投影点均落于造山带与上地壳演化线附近,矿石铅投影点与赋矿围岩及矿区岩脉的投影点重合,表明矿石中的铅可能来源于赋矿围岩和岩浆作用的混合。氢-氧同位素研究表明,成矿流体可能为变质流体、岩浆流体及地层建造水的混合热流体。矿区花岗斑岩脉与矿体相伴产出,花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为223 Ma,与金矿化时间一致,暗示成矿作用与岩浆活动同时发生。李坝金矿床与矿区岩浆岩同为造山作用的产物,并且其矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学特征与造山型金矿床相似,为形成于秦岭造山带由碰撞向伸展转变环境下成矿物质来源复杂的造山型金矿床。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
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14.
Mercury contamination in aquatic environments is of worldwide concern because of its high biomagnification factor in food chains and long-range transport. The rivers, estuary and the bay along the northwestern Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China have been heavily contaminated by Hg due to long-term Zn smelting and chlor-alkali production. This work investigated the distributions of total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the water, sediment and hydrophytes from this area. Concentrations of THg in sediment (0.5–64 mg kg−1) and water (39–2700 ng L−1) were elevated by 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to background concentrations, which induced high concentrations of MMHg in these media. The highest concentration of MMHg in sediment reached 35 μg kg−1, which was comparable to that in the Hg mining area, Wanshan, China, and the highest MMHg concentration of 3.0 ng L−1 in the water sample exceeded the MMHg Chinese drinking water guideline of 1.0 ng L−1. Concentrations of THg in a sediment profile from Jinzhou Bay were found to be consistent with annual Hg emission flux from a local Zn smelter (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), indicating that Hg contamination was mainly caused by Zn smelting locally. For some freshwater hydrophytes, concentrations of THg and MMHg ranged from 5.2 to 100 μg kg−1 and 0.15 to 12 μg kg−1, respectively. Compared to sediment, concentrations of THg in hydrophytes were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower but MMHg was comparable or higher, indicating that the bioaccumulation in plants was distinct for the two Hg species studied. The data suggest that a significant load of Hg has been released into the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea.  相似文献   

15.
Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and other metals, as well as S and As, were calculated for the Aue granitic cupola, the contact aureole of which hosts the large vein-type uranium deposit of Schlema-Alberoda and the Schneeberg uranium-base metal deposit (Erzgebirge, Germany). The cupola was exposed by mine workings and boreholes, which provided an opportunity to evaluate variations in the abundances of metals in the granites over a vertical interval of more than 2.5 km and estimate their losses in the upper oxidized part of the investigated volume of the cupola (coefficient of iron oxidation, KO Fe, increases in the granites from bottom to top from 7 to 70%) compared with the lower unaltered and unoxidized part (with a KO Fe plateau at about 5%). The average concentrations of metals in the upper part of the cupola are lower than those in the lower part by a factor of 2.5 for Pb, 1.56 for Zn, 1.45 for Cu, 1.3 for Co, etc. A similar decrease in the abundances of ore elements along the vertical section associating with the relative epigenetic alteration and oxidation of the granite was previously described by us for U and Th and for the components of high-temperature ores, W, Sn, and Mo. The removal of ore elements from the granite was accompanied by a decrease in the bulk contents of sulfur and arsenic by a factor of 1.35 and 1.65, respectively. The leaching of trace metals from the granites of the upper part of the Aue cupola was followed by their partial redeposition above the cupola in the ore veins of the Schlema and Schneeberg deposits. Original Russian Text ? Vikt. L. Barsukov, N.T. Sokolova, O.M. Ivanitskii, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp. 967–982.  相似文献   

16.
The behavior of trace elements under conditions of partial melting of granitoid rocks has been studied. The element’s partition coefficients between minerals and the melt Dimin/melt depends, in the first place, on the composition of the primary melt. In biotite the HREE Di are a little below 1, while those of LREE, especially Di for Ce, are 1–3 orders of magnitude less. This leads to an efficient differentiation of REEs in anatexic melts especially when biotite is the main mineral phase of restite. On the contrary, there are feldspars, the Di of which cannot provide such a magnitude of differentiation. Unlike garnets and pyroxenes, whose stability in restite permits enrichment of anatexic melts produced in migmatization zones with Nb, Ti, and Cr, the presence of biotite in restite causes depletion of melts with those elements as well as with Rb. Feldspars, under conditions of their fractional crystallization or during differentiation of an anatexic melt, deplete the latter with Sr, Ba, and Rb, but enrich it with Nb, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and V.  相似文献   

17.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

18.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect.  相似文献   

19.
Tony Waltham 《Geology Today》2010,26(4):152-158
Gigantic floods that, for just a few days, had flow rates many times greater than the combined flows of all the other rivers of the world put together. Sounds ridiculous, and it's almost inconceivable, but it's real, and it all happened at the end of the last Ice Age. The water came from Lake Missoula, which exists no more, but the effects are still to be seen in the landscapes, most notably in the vast scablands of eastern Washington.  相似文献   

20.
Yuriy Sokolov 《GeoJournal》1992,26(4):497-502
The discovery of a new continent that was later called America by Christopher Columbus some five hundred years ago, has in one way or another, influenced people the World over. The extraordinary significance of this event for mankind is displayed by the dimension of the consequences and the variety of reactions among nations and communities of the “Old World”.  相似文献   

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