共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
文中对南京市大气降尘重金属含量水平进行了研究,从2006年12月起连续收集一年的大气降尘样品,分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se、Zn等11个元素。结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,南京市大气降尘中除Cr、Fe、Mn外的重金属含量总体明显升高。采用相关分析和主成分分析,对降尘重金属元素来源进行解析,认为有三种主要来源:一是As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Se与燃煤活动、汽车尾气排放有关。二是Cd、Ni、Zn、Mo可能与化学工业有关,但Mo还受工业活动、土壤颗粒物的影响。分析还表明,在化工业园附近的样点,这些元素含量普遍较高。三是Mn、Cr主要与土壤颗粒物有关(自然来源)。以Fe作为参考元素计算重金属的富集因子表明,自然来源的Cr、Mn具有较小的富集因子,而受工业活动影响的Cd、Pb、Se、Zn具有较大的富集因子。 相似文献
2.
文章对石家庄市土壤重金属含量水平进行了研究,通过采集的220个城市土壤样品,分析了Al2O3、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等8个元素。结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,石家庄市土壤中除As和Al2O3外的重金属含量总体明显升高。采用相关分析和主成分分析,对土壤重金属元素来源进行解析,认为有3种主要来源:一是Cu、Zn、Pb与人类的工业生产、汽车尾气排放有关。二是Ni、Cr、Cd除与工业生产有关外,还与燃煤活动排放有关。三是As、Al2O3主要与土壤母质有关(自然来源)。石家庄城市土壤的重金属含量高值区与工业区域、交通分布相吻合。 相似文献
3.
系统采集了石家庄市区范围近地表降尘并分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn重金属元素的含量,通过元素含量统计分析,发现它们存在较大的变异性,表明重金属含量的空间分布极不均匀。应用地统计模块中的Kriging空间插值分析方法和成图分析,可以看出市区内As、Cd、Cr、Cu呈大面积高值分布,Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn多呈点状污染分布。利用主成分因子分析和重金属元素源指示分析,认为石家庄市区近地表降尘重金属的主要贡献源以燃煤和交通为主。这为全面了解石家庄市区的空气质量状况并为该市大气环境污染治理、城市规划提供了重要依据。 相似文献
4.
TCLP法评价泉州市大气降尘重金属的生态环境风险 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对泉州市不同功能区大气降尘中的重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、V)含量进行了分析测定,采用由美国环保署(USEPA)提出并被广泛推荐采用的TCLP法对泉州市不同功能区大气降尘中的重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr)的生态环境风险进行评价。以TCLP法提取的泉州市大气降尘重金属Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb、Cr、As、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni和V含量分别在2.592～63.20、0.084～2.978、9.276～3141、0.147～345.0、0.628～9.696、0.019-5.152、5.037-248.9、55.00-1261、0.040-63.56、0.735-37.43和0.020-24.07 mg/kg之间。根据TCLP法测定项目的法定阈值,泉州市大气降尘不同程度地受到Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr的污染,其中以Pb、Zn污染最为严重,其次为Cu、Cd、Cr。相关性分析结果显示,Fe、Mn、Ni、Cr、V的TCLP法提取量受样品pH值的显著影响;Pb、Cd、Mn、Co、Ni、As提取量除了受金属本身的总量影响外,还受到其它元素总量和TCLP提取量的影响。主成分分析结果表明,交通尾气尘、燃油尘、装饰材料尘、地面土壤尘、工业粉尘、建筑尘和燃煤烟尘等是泉州市大气降尘的主要来源,占总贡献率的86.01%。 相似文献
5.
在济南市城区对大气降尘及不同污染端元样品进行采集,系统分析了大气降尘和污染端元元素含量特征,并对大气降尘空间分布及污染来源进行研究。结果表明:不同污染端元中元素含量差别明显,燃煤尘中As、Cd、F、Pb是汽车尾气尘的3倍以上,是交通尘、冶炼尘、建筑尘等其他端元尘的1.26~2.35倍,对环境影响较大;汽车尾气尘中Cr、Ni、S、Zn含量最高,冶炼尘中Co、Ni、Pb、F含量偏高,而建筑尘中多数元素含量为所有端元尘中最低。与土壤背景值相比,济南市大气降尘中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、F、S富集程度较高,受到不同程度人为污染;相关分析和因子分析结果表明,Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、As主要来源于企业燃煤,大气降尘中这些元素高含量区与热电厂、冶炼厂、化工厂等燃煤污染源空间分布相一致;F、S可能与汽车尾气排放有关,而As、Cr主源于交通污染,这3种污染源是济南市大气降尘污染的主要来源,对降尘的贡献约占60.42%。研究表明,工业燃煤排放已逐渐代替汽车尾气成为大气降尘中Pb元素的主要来源。 相似文献
6.
《物探与化探》2016,(1)
为查明济南市近地表大气降尘中元素的含量特征及污染来源,评价环境质量,在济南市城区范围内采集400件大气降尘样品。分析结果表明:大气降尘中As、F、Ni的平均含量分别为9.5×10-6、512×10-6、26.0×10-6,略低于济南市城市土壤背景值;而Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Se、Zn、Ca O含量均值分别为0.33×10-6、101×10-6、191×10-9、38.0×10-6、0.79×10-6、119.0×10-6、13.31%,明显高于城市土壤背景值。相关分析和主成分分析结果说明,大气降尘中Cd、Pb、Zn、Se可能来源于燃煤,Cr、Ni来源于土壤粉尘,Ca O、As来源于建筑尘,F主要来源于汽车尾气排放,Hg则受燃煤、冶炼及交通等因素影响。大气降尘中重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、As、Hg地累积指数变化范围分别为-2.46~4.53、-1.81~2.75、-2.02~3.48、-2.38~3.48、-2.95~1.96、-3.45~2.58及-3.04~6.87,污染程度排序依次为HgCdZnPbCrAsNi。 相似文献
7.
山东安丘地区土壤-小麦系统重金属等元素间的相互作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《现代地质》2020,(5)
为了研究土壤-小麦系统重金属等元素间的相互作用,通过相关分析,探讨了安丘地区40件小麦籽实及其根系土中重金属元素间的相互关系。研究发现:(1)小麦籽实Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Ni、Cu、Zn富集系数与土壤pH、CEC、黏粒含量呈负相关,Cr富集系数与pH呈正相关;(2)小麦籽实重金属等元素富集系数间多数呈正相关;(3)小麦籽实Pb、Cu含量分别与土壤As、Pb含量呈正相关,籽实Cu、Zn含量分别与土壤Cd、Pb含量呈正相关。籽实除Cr含量与土壤Mg含量呈显著正相关外,籽实中其他重金属元素含量与土壤元素Ca、Mg含量关系不显著。小麦籽实中Cd、Pb、As等重金属元素含量与土壤中Mn、Mo、F等微量元素含量少数呈显著-极显著正相关;(4)小麦籽实中Cd、Hg、Pb、As等重金属元素含量与籽实中Ca、Mg、Mn、Mo等其他元素含量之间多数呈显著正相关。这些研究结果表明,土壤-小麦系统重金属元素之间、重金属元素与其他元素之间存在协同或拮抗作用,但具体机制尚需要进一步研究。 相似文献
8.
内江市双桥乡土壤重金属含量及风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以四川省内江市双桥乡为研究区域,调查分析各类土壤中重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Ni）含量情况。采用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和富集因子评价方法,对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,该地区Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn元素平均含量高于成都经济区、四川省、中国土壤背景值,有一定程度的Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn富集,Hg元素有个别样点含量偏高,并且单因子重金属的污染程度依次为：Cd〉Ni〉Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉As〉Hg,Cd在绝大部份区域存在轻微污染,由内梅罗污染指数和富集因子评价得出区域综合污染程度为轻度。 相似文献
9.
【研究目的】土壤-水体-大气降尘中Cd、As等微量元素成因来源、富集规律为环境地质研究焦点,开展惠水土壤-灌溉水-雨水-大气降尘系统中Cd、As等微量元素迁移与富集的定量研究,对该地区农业生产和农产品种植具有重要意义。【研究方法】以贵州省惠水县表层土壤、灌溉水、雨水和大气降尘样品为研究对象,分析样品中的Cd、As微量元素地球化学特征。【研究结果】结果表明：研究区以酸性土为主,147件表层土壤样品中元素Cd与As、Cr、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、pH呈正相关关系,与Cu、Se呈负相关关系;34件灌溉水样品中含量主要为As、B、F-、Se、Zn,灌溉水重金属元素单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合指数等级为1级,属清洁范围,表明灌溉水水质均达标;5件雨水和大气降尘样品中,大气降尘主要为As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb,雨水中主要为As、B、Cd、Cr6+、F-、Ge、Hg、Pb、Se、Zn。【结论】评价结果显示：土壤单因子污染指数Cd指数最高,内梅罗综合污染指数大小为羡塘镇红旗村>芦山镇羊马村>涟江街道大坡村>好花红... 相似文献
10.
分析珠江三角洲腹地佛山顺德区208个蔬菜地表层土样Cu、Ni、Cr、As、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg等8种重金属的全量,结果表明,8种重金属的平均浓度高于广东省土壤背景值。Cd和Hg的最高浓度和变异系数分别为6.54mg/kg、115%和4.82mg/kg、151%,暗示Cd和Hg的人为来源。多元统计与傅立叶和谱分析的结合,解释了Cr、Ni和Cu的自然来源,Pb、Zn、As、Cd和Hg的人为来源;傅立叶和谱分析进一步阐释了Zn与Cu的双重来源,并推断土壤Hg来源于大气沉降。研究区内大约21.7%的土壤受重金属污染,表明需要调整该区的农业生产活动。 相似文献
11.
《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,69(3):179-191
The concentration, distribution and modes of occurrence of trace elements in thirty coals, four floors and two roofs from Northern China were studied. The samples were collected from the major coalfields of Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The concentrations of seventeen potential hazardous trace elements, including Hg, As, Se, Pb, Cd, Br, Ni, Cr, Co, Mo, Mn, Be, Sb, Th, V, U, Zn, and five major elements P, Na, Fe, Al, and Ca in coals were determined.Compared with average concentration of trace elements in Chinese coal, the coals from Northern China contain a higher concentration of Hg, Se, Cd, Mn, and Zn. They may be harmful to the environment in the process of combustion and utilization. Vertical variations of trace elements in three coal seams indicated the distributions of most elements in coal seam are heterogeneous. Based on statistical analyses, trace elements including Mo, Cr, Se, Th, Pb, Sb, V, Be and major elements including Al, P shows an affinity to ash content. In contrast, Br is generally associated with organic matter. Elements As, Ni, Be, Mo, and Fe appear to be associated with pyrite. The concentrations of trace elements weakly correlate either to coal rank or to maceral compositions. 相似文献
12.
Geochemistry and Modes of Occurrence of Hazardous Trace Elements in the No. 11 Coal Seam, Antaibao Surface Mine, Shanxi Province 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 SONG Dangyu QIN Yong WANG Wenfeng ZHANG Junying ZHENG Chuguang 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(1):135-140
Concentrations of seventeen hazardous trace elements including As, Pb, Hg, Se, Cd, Cr, Co, Mo, Mn, Ni, U, V, Th, Be, Sb, Br and Zn in the No.ll coal seam, Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi Province were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis （INAA）, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry （ICP-AES）, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （CV-AAS） and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （GF-AAS）. Comparisons with average concentrations of trace elements in Chinese coal show that the concentrations of Hg and Cd in the No. 11 coal seam, Antaibao surface mine are much higher. They may be harmful to the environment in the process of utilization. The variations of the trace elements contents and pyritic suffur in vertical section indicated that： （a） the concentrations of As, Pb, Mn, and pyritic sulfur decrease from roof to floor; （b） the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Mo are higher in roof, floor and lower in coal seam; （c） the concentration of Br, Sb, and Hg are higher in coal seam and lower in roof and floor; （d） the concentrations of Mo, V, Th and AI vary consistently with the ash yield. Cluster analysis of trace elements, pyritic sulfur, ash yield and major elements, such as AI, Fe, P, Ca shows that： （a） pyritic sulfur, Fe, As, Mn, Ni, Be are closely associated and reflect the influence of pyrite; （b） Mo, Se, Pb, Cr, Th, Co, Ca and A! are related to clay mineral, which is the main source of ash; （c） U, Zn, V, Na, P maybe controlled by phosphate or halite; （d） Hg, Br, Sb and Cd may be mainly organic-associated elements which fall outside the three main groups. The concentration distribution characteristics of trace elements in coal seam and the cluster analysis of major and trace elements showed that the contents of trace elements in the No. 11 coal seam, Antaibao surface mine, are mainly controlled by detrital input and migration from roof and floor. 相似文献
13.
通过对河北省宣化原煤及燃煤污染区表土和近地降尘的野外调查和样品分析,查明了表土及降尘中Hg、Cd、V、Zn、Mo、U、Mn、Cr等13种重金属元素及16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的地球化学特征。结果表明,原煤区土壤以Hg、Cd污染为主,污染区在煤带两侧约100 m范围内,燃煤区土壤以Hg、Cd、V污染为主,污染范围在燃煤企业下风口超过2 km。原煤区表土中Hg、Cd、Zn、Mo、U及PAHs与燃煤区表土中Hg、V、Mo、U、Mn、Cr及PAHs主要通过大气沉降带入。区内土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶及β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均受到不同程度抑制,其中以β-葡萄糖苷酶最为明显,且燃煤区较原煤区抑制更为显著,反映了煤污染对土壤碳循环过程影响较大。 相似文献
14.
研究雄安地区土壤重金属和砷元素空间分布特征及其来源,对于支撑新区土地资源和环境管理具有重要意义。基于雄安新区土壤环境调查,运用地统计学方法和ArcGIS 技术分析模拟了土壤中As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr等8种元素空间分布特征,综合运用空间分析、多元统计学方法和正定因子矩阵模型解析这些元素的主要来源。结果表明:（1）区内土壤质量总体良好,4.35 %的土壤样品Cd和Cu含量超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,但均低于农用地土壤污染风险管控值;与河北省背景值相比,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg存在不同程度中度和显著富集。（2）As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr含量呈现出由北部向南部逐渐增高的趋势,高值区主要分布在新区西南部;Hg元素分布分散,高值区主要分布在城镇及工业企业周边。（3）不同土地利用类型土壤剖面重金属和砷元素垂向分布受pH值、有机碳和铁铝氧化物等理化性质影响显著。（4）研究区土壤重金属和砷元素富集受人类活动影响明显,人为来源贡献率达67.12 %,Hg元素主要来源于人为排放的大气沉降富集,As元素富集受到废渣堆放和利用的影响,Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn元素富集受工业生产、污水灌溉以及尾气排放等活动影响。研究成果可为雄安新区合理制定土地资源开发利用和生态保护措施提供技术支撑。 相似文献
15.
Quantitative identification and source apportionment of anthropogenic heavy metals in marine sediment of Hong Kong 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Based on ten heavy metals collected twice annually at 59 sites from 1998 to 2004, enrichment factors (EFs), principal component
analysis (PCA) and multivariate linear regression of absolute principal component scores (MLR-APCS) were used in identification
and source apportionment of the anthropogenic heavy metals in marine sediment. EFs with Fe as a normalizer and local background
as reference values was properly tested and suitable in Hong Kong, and Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cd, Hg and Cr mainly originated from
anthropogenic sources, while Al, Mn and Fe were derived from rocks weathering. Rotated PCA and GIS mapping further identified
two types of anthropogenic sources and their impacted regions: (1) electronic industrial pollution, riparian runoff and vehicle
exhaust impacted the entire Victoria Harbour, inner Tolo Harbour, Eastern Buffer, inner Deep Bay and Cheung Chau; and (2)
discharges from textile factories and paint, influenced Tsuen Wan Bay and Kwun Tong typhoon shelter and Rambler Channel. In
addition, MLR-APCS was successfully introduced to quantitatively determine the source contributions with uncertainties almost
less than 8%: the first anthropogenic sources were responsible for 50.0, 45.1, 86.6, 78.9 and 87.5% of the Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd
and Hg, respectively, whereas 49.9% of the Ni and 58.4% of the Cr came from the second anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
16.
Accumulation and sources of heavy metals in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The knowledge of the variability, the anthropogenic versus natural origin and corresponding environmental risk for potentially harmful elements in urban topsoils is of importance to assess human impact. The aims of the present study were: (1) to assess the distribution of heavy metals (Sn, Li, Ga, Ba, Fe, Mn, Co, Be, Ti, Al, Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag) in urban environment; (2) to discriminate natural and anthropogenic contributions; and (3) to identify possible sources of pollution. Multivariate statistic approaches (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) were adopted for data treatment, allowing the identification of three main factors controlling the heavy metal variability in Xuzhou urban topsoils. Results demonstrate that Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Br, Zn, Cu, S, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag could be inferred to be tracers of anthropogenic pollution, whereas Al, Ti, Ga, Li, V, Co, Pt, Mn and Be were interpreted to be mainly inherited from parent materials. Iron, Ba, Sn, Pd and Br were interpreted to be affected by mixed sources. 相似文献
17.
Selective chemical extraction of heavy metals in tailings and soils contaminated by mining activity: Environmental implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Paulo J.C. Favas João Pratas M. Elisa P. Gomes V. Cala 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011,111(3):160-171
Total concentrations of chemical elements in soils may not be enough to understand the mobility and bioavailability of the elements. It is important to characterise the degree of association of chemical elements in different physical and chemical phases of soil. Another geochemical characterisation methodology is to apply sequential selective chemical extraction techniques. A seven-step sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the mobility and retention behaviour of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, Mo, Cd, Bi, Sn, W, Ag, As and U in specific physical–chemical and mineral phases in mine tailings and soils in the surroundings of the abandoned Ervedosa mine. The soil geochemical data show anomalies associated with mineralised veins or influenced by mining. Beyond the tailings, the highest recorded concentrations for most elements are in soils situated in mineralised areas or under the influence of tailings. The application of principal components analysis allowed recognition of (a) element associations according to their geochemical behaviour and (b) distinction between samples representing local geochemical background and samples representing contamination. Some metal cations (Mn, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni) showed important enrichment in the most mobilisable and bioavailable (i.e., water-soluble and exchangeable) fractions due likely to the acidic conditions in the area. In contrast, oxy-anions such as Mo and As showed lower mobility because of adsorption to Fe oxy-hydroxides. The residual fraction comprised largest proportions of Sn and Al and to a lesser extent Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Bi, W, and Ag, which are also present at low concentrations in the bioavailable fractions. The elements in secondary mineral phases (mainly Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, W, Bi, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co, As and U) as well as in organic matter and sulphides are temporarily withheld, suggesting that they may be released to the environment by changes in physico-chemical conditions. 相似文献