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1.
藏南雅鲁藏布江缝合带为目前国内铬铁矿储量最大的缝合带.本文报道了缝合带中段仁布蛇绿岩的豆荚状铬铁矿床,围绕矿床特征开展成因探讨,对缝合带的形成演化和成矿作用提供新制约.仁布蛇绿岩呈近东西走向带状产出,主要由近30个大小不等的地幔橄榄岩体组成.地幔橄榄岩体主要为经历不同程度蛇纹石化的方辉橄榄岩和少量纯橄岩.在纯橄岩和方辉...  相似文献   

2.
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带长1500km以上,分为东段(曲水—墨脱)、中段(昂仁—仁布)和西段(萨嘎以西至中印边境)3部分。西段又进一步分为北亚带(达机翁—萨嘎蛇绿岩带)和南亚带(达巴—休古嘎布蛇绿岩带),以往的研究程度很低。达巴—休古嘎布蛇绿岩带的蛇绿岩体(块)由地幔橄榄岩组成,主要岩石类型是方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,极少量二辉橄榄岩,缺少典型蛇绿岩剖面中的洋壳单元。带内岩体规模大,岩相分带明显,出现较大面积的纯橄榄岩相。拉昂错、东坡、当穷岩体和休古嘎布岩体群发现有较多的铬铁矿化点,矿体呈透镜状(豆荚状)、短脉状、不规则状,矿石以致密块状为主,少部分为浸染状,Cr2O3含量一般达40%以上。矿化类型属于豆荚状铬铁矿。对比研究显示,该岩带的岩体在构造环境,蛇绿岩的类型,岩体规模,岩石组成,保存部位,部分熔融程度,岩石、矿物地球化学特征,铬铁矿化特征等许多方面与国内外大型豆荚状铬铁矿床的含矿岩体相似,成矿条件好,找矿前景较大。提出区内找矿前景最好的地段是拉昂错岩体西北部的纯橄榄岩相,其次是东坡岩体的纯橄榄岩相、纯橄榄岩-方辉橄榄岩相,以及当穷岩体的方辉橄榄岩-纯橄榄岩相。  相似文献   

3.
雅鲁藏布江缝合带是青藏高原上重要的缝合带之一,位于青藏高原南部,蛇绿岩是该带的主体。雅鲁藏布江缝合带按蛇绿岩的出露规模、岩石层序以及侵位时间,大致可以分为东段、中段和西段。在蛇绿岩出露规模上存在显著差异,东段规模较小,中段次之,西段最大,并且在西段分成两支蛇绿岩带;蛇绿岩岩石层序出露比较齐全的是中段日喀则和东段罗布莎,其他地方的蛇绿岩均被肢解,不能组成完整的蛇绿岩岩石剖面;在蛇绿岩的形成和侵位时间上,也有着不同的特点,东段和西段集中形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世,而中段形成时间较早,时代从中三叠世一直持续到早白垩世,主要集中形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世。笔者系统研究雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩在东西方向上所表现出来的差异性,对更全面深刻地了解新特提斯洋的产生、俯冲及其消亡过程和演化历史具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
蛇绿岩中的地幔橄榄岩是蛇绿岩的重要组成部分,不仅记录了其所经历的板块构造事件,还可以探讨地幔的物质组成和深部地幔作用。位于雅江缝合带西段的普兰蛇绿岩以出露面积约600 km2的特大型地幔橄榄岩体而引人注目。为了探讨普兰蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩的成因,本文在普兰地幔橄榄岩体的东段完成了一条穿过岩体的长约10km的地质剖面,对地幔橄榄岩进行了系统采样,开展了详细矿物学、地球化学研究,取得以下主要进展和认识:(1)普兰地幔橄榄岩中的二辉橄榄岩经历了9%~15%的部分熔融作用,方辉橄榄岩最终经历了15%~25%的部分熔融作用;(2)基于橄榄石-尖晶石矿物化学平衡计算的普兰地幔橄榄岩氧逸度?log(fo2)FMQ值从-1.11到+0.45,略高于用VY含量估算出的氧逸度(在FMQ到FMQ-1趋势),指示其形成于还原环境;(3)普兰地幔橄榄岩不是简单的地幔残余,还经历了后期熔体交代作用。对普兰地幔橄榄岩交代产生类似"U"型稀土配分模式的熔体可能是洋中脊(MOR)环境产生的低融岩浆;(4)地幔橄榄岩地球化学特征及氧逸度计算结果表明,普兰地幔橄榄岩可能形成于洋中脊(MOR)环境,并没有俯冲带(SSZ)环境的印记。对于普兰地幔橄榄岩以及雅鲁藏布江缝合带其他岩体的成因,前人主要根据地幔橄榄岩一些元素的富集特征提出的MOR→SSZ两阶段演化模式需要重新审视。  相似文献   

5.
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带是国内铬铁矿床出露点最多,且铬铁矿石储量、产量最大的一个蛇绿岩带。根据空间展布规律,该岩带被划分为东段(曲水—墨脱)、中段(昂仁—仁布)和西段(萨嘎至中印边境)3部分。其中,西段自萨嘎以西分为南、北两支亚带。长期以来的研究工作主要集中在东段和中段,西段的研究程度非常薄弱,尤其是北亚带。不同区段研究程度的不平衡十分不利于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带内铬铁矿找矿工作的开展。错不扎蛇绿岩体位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段的北亚带,呈北西-南东向带状产出,主要由方辉橄榄岩组成,并普遍发育基性岩脉。野外地质调查在该蛇绿岩体中发现了多个铬铁矿化点,矿化体呈透镜状产于方辉橄榄岩中,出露地表的长度为0.5～1m,厚为0.2～0.5 m,矿石均为致密块状。电子探针分析结果表明,错不扎铬铁矿属于高铬型铬铁矿,铬尖晶石的Cr#[=100×Cr/(Cr+Al)]为75～78,Mg#[=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)]为66～69。计算结果表明,母岩浆的FeO/MgO比值为0.51～0.65,Al2O3和Ti O2含量分别为11.27%～12.1%和0.19%～0.4%,与玻安质岩浆的化学成分相当。然而,针状单斜辉石出溶体的发现指示错不扎铬铁矿可能还经历了一个深部作用过程。  相似文献   

6.
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波蛇绿岩的构造背景特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
西藏东波蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段,由地幔橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩等组成。地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩。岩体的边界出露玄武岩和硅质岩等。地幔橄榄岩中有少量辉石岩和辉长岩的脉岩,宽约1 m,走向北西,与岩体的构造线方向基本一致。各岩相岩石地球化学研究结果表明,东波蛇绿岩的岩相存在较大的差异,玄武岩具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征,而地幔橄榄岩中辉石岩、辉长岩脉与洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)相似,形成于洋中脊环境,并受后期俯冲流体作用的改造。东波岩体中二辉橄榄岩具有与深海地幔橄榄岩较一致的轻稀土亏损特征,而方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩的地球化学特征显示出岩体形成于MOR环境,后受到SSZ环境的改造。东波蛇绿岩的岩石地球化学特征显示其洋中脊叠加洋岛的构造背景。  相似文献   

7.
本文报道了雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段日喀则蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中发现与该带东西段蛇绿岩岩体中相似的金刚石和特殊地幔矿物群。日喀则地幔橄榄岩体以方辉橄榄岩为主,含少量二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩,辉石岩和辉长岩呈脉状产在方辉橄榄岩中。通过重砂分选实验,在465kg的方辉橄榄岩大样中发现了30余种特殊矿物群,包括金刚石、自然金、自然铬、自然铜等自然元素矿物类;碳硅石等碳化物类;方铁矿、赤铁矿、磁铁矿、刚玉、铬尖晶石、金红石、锡石、黑钨矿等氧化物类;镍黄铁矿、方铅矿、辉钼矿、辉锑矿、闪锌矿、毒砂等硫化物类;Ag-Au等合金矿物类;橄榄石、辉石、锆石等硅酸盐岩类;白钨矿等钨酸盐岩类;萤石等氟化物类。金刚石和自然金、自然铬、自然铜连同碳硅石的发现表明岩体存在强还原环境,这套特殊矿物组合指示日喀则地幔橄榄岩可能与雅鲁藏布缝合带其他蛇绿岩一样,经历了深地幔演化过程。  相似文献   

8.
航空磁测△T图上清楚显示出沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带具有南北两条航磁异常,地质研究确认沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带的蛇绿岩体呈带状东西向延续近2000 km,但已知主要含铬蛇绿岩体分布于雅鲁藏布江南岸。在罗布莎和泽当地表观测到断续分布着含铬蛇绿岩体,地质研究程度较高,岩体规模不大。向西地表有出露日喀则岩体,再西段有当穷、普兰、东坡等规模巨大的岩体。航空磁测图上显示出日喀则、东坡、普兰、当穷等岩体与清晰的航磁异常对应。对上述岩体进行的地面磁测准确地确定了已知岩体与航磁异常的关系,位于雅鲁藏布江东段的罗布莎与泽当岩体属于其南部强航磁异常北缘的负异常范围内的小岩体。西部沿江含铬蛇绿岩体是断续分布的,呈短条带状或较大的三度体;地面磁测异常突出反映出地表岩体磁铁矿分布的不均匀性,在岩体边缘(包括近岩体围岩)的蛇纹石化较强,磁异常亦较强,并由此较准确地圈定出岩体范围。航磁异常反映出岩体内部有相对富积的磁性矿物和磁性体,它们可能来自深部含Fe O、Fe2O3等矿物在岩浆上涌到上地壳由于蛇纹石化而生成了Fe3O4,当温度低于480℃时形成较强的磁性。反演计算了磁性体位于3~5 km深度上,虽然蛇绿岩体及其围岩中存在的磁铁矿非直接来源于地幔物质,但含铬蛇绿岩体的岩浆物质是生成磁铁矿的主要物质贡献者。由此将航磁和地面磁测异常与大地电磁法、反射地震等方法结合可以给出岩体深部结构的地球物理特征,这有利于圈定找矿的远景地段。  相似文献   

9.
佘宇伟  朱祥坤  何源  万洪清 《中国地质》2019,46(6):1372-1383
日喀则蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布构造带中段,其成因和构造环境仍存在较大争议。日喀则蛇绿岩下部为蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩,壳幔过渡带缺失超镁铁质堆晶岩。少量辉长岩脉呈块状或韵律结构并侵入到地幔橄榄岩和辉绿岩中。辉绿岩呈席状岩床侵入到地幔橄榄岩之上,且少量辉绿岩脉侵入到下覆的地幔橄榄岩中。通过野外关系和地球化学研究,日喀则辉长岩可能并不是洋壳中岩浆房原位结晶堆积而成,而是深部位置岩浆囊经过不同程度分异演化形成富晶粥岩浆并向上侵入的结果。而席状辉绿岩床则是基性岩浆沿着构造薄弱面顺层侵入的结果。拆离断层可能导致了岩石圈地幔抬升和剥露,进而引起下覆软流圈地幔减压熔融和岩浆上侵。日喀则辉长-辉绿岩形成于慢速扩张脊较小规模的岩浆供应和不连续的岩浆侵入。  相似文献   

10.
中国铬铁矿床的再研究及找矿前景   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  
铬铁矿是生产不锈钢不可替代的原材料,中国目前是世界最大不锈钢消费国。铬铁矿一直是中国的短缺矿种,几乎完全依靠进口。铬铁矿床分为层状和豆荚状两种类型矿床。中国已知的铬铁矿床均属于豆荚状铬铁矿床,主要分布在西藏、新疆和内蒙古等地。该类矿床主要产于蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩或相关的堆晶杂岩中。最近在西藏罗布莎和俄罗斯乌拉尔豆荚状铬铁矿中发现深部地幔矿物,认为铬铁矿来自深部地幔,不是产自浅部地幔橄榄岩。认为深部来源的铬铁矿可以成大矿,小岩体也可以成大矿,因此,十分有必要对中国境内的蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩开展新一轮的调查。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

13.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag2Te) and matildite (AgBiS2). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.  相似文献   

16.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

17.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

18.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

19.
Study of the cross-stratification and other sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald, England, and Bas-Boulonnais, France, indicates that the sediments were deposited by the lateral migration of sand waves in a neritic sea. Comparison of the Lower Greensand sea with the modern North Sea was attempted. If those sediments were deposited as a result of tidal current similar to the present-day North Sea then the Lower Greensand shoreline could be deduced as running northwest-southeast, indication that the western part of the London Platform was submerged.  相似文献   

20.
在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。  相似文献   

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