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1.
The dynamic shear behavior of rock joints is significant to both rock engineering and earthquake dynamics. With the discrete element method (DEM), the dynamic direct-shear tests on the rough rock joints with 3D (sinusoidal or random) surface morphologies are simulated and discussed. Evolution of the friction coefficient with the slip displacement shows that the 3D DEM joint model can accurately reproduce the initial strengthening, slip-weakening, and steady-sliding responses of real rock joints. Energy analyses show that the strengthening and weakening behavior of the rock joint are mainly attributed to the rapid accumulation and release of the elastic energy in the joint. Then, effects of the surface roughness and the normal stress on the friction coefficient and the micro shear deformation mechanisms, mainly volume change and asperity damage, of the rock joint are investigated. The results show that the peak friction coefficient increases logarithmically with the increasing surface roughness, but decreases exponentially with the increasing normal stress. In addition, the rougher rock joint exhibits both higher joint dilation and asperity degradation. However, high normal stress constrains the joint dilation, but promotes the degree of asperity degradation significantly. Lastly, the effects of the 3D surface morphology on the shear behavior of the rock joint are investigated with a directional roughness parameter. It is observed that the anisotropy of the surface roughness consequently results in the variation of the peak friction coefficient of the joint corresponding to different shearing directions as well as the micro shear deformation mechanisms, e.g., the extent of joint dilation. 相似文献
2.
A two-dimensional brittle creep model for rock provides insight into the initiation of shear fracture along weak discontinuities in rock. The model accounts for material heterogeneity and introduces the concept of a mesoscopic renormalization to capture the cooperative interaction between cracks in the transition from distributed to localized damage. A series of shear creep tests on rock with discontinuities were performed to simulate the initiation and propagation of crack along a pre-existing weakness under sustained shear stress and normal stress. The investigation showed that shear stress level and the normal stress level might have significant effect on the long-term behavior of rock with weak discontinuities. Moreover, a case study of rock slope instability was also investigated, where the numerically simulated instability failure of rock slope with discontinuities showed that both tensile and shear damage at the weakest elements are the trigger for the failure surface initiation in the rock slope. Once damage occurs, redistributed stress concentrations would then intensify fracture propagation and coalescence within these damage zones, leading to the progressive development of a failure surface. Moreover, failure surface extending is not only dominated by the properties and the position of discontinuities but also influenced remarkably by the complex interaction between existing discontinuities and fracture propagation. The results are of general interest because they can be applied to the investigation of time-dependent instability in rock masses, to the mitigation of associated rock hazards in rock engineering, and even to a better understanding of the physical phenomena governing the stability of rock slope. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents a joint constitutive model that considers separately the mechanical contribution of waviness and unevenness of a joint to shear behaviour. The critical asperities for waviness and unevenness are determined from geometric properties in a lab-scale joint. The wear process is employed to model the degradation in dilation and strength during shear. From dimensional analysis, asperity degradation constants are developed using geometric parameters including asperity angle, wavelength, and amplitude as well as rock strength and stress. The applicability of the proposed model was assessed by performing direct shear tests on three joint roughness coefficient (JRC) profiles and providing its correlation with experimental results. Additionally, experimental data taken from literature were used to validate the model’s performance. 相似文献
4.
工程开挖面附近卸荷扰动区的岩体,受结构面和拉应力共同影响作用,其变形和破坏具有拉剪复合特征。为研究节理岩体的拉剪力学特性,基于颗粒离散元法针对共面断续节理岩体开展了系列数值模拟研究。通过假设粒间接触的力学参数服从Weibull分布表征岩体的非均质性,探讨了非均质性、均质度、法向拉应力和节理连通率对节理岩体拉剪强度和破坏模式的影响。研究表明:拉剪应力条件下非均质性节理岩体主要沿阶梯型破裂面破坏,剪应力-水平位移曲线可以分为线性变形阶段、非线性变形阶段、峰值及峰后阶段;随均质度提高,节理岩体的剪切强度逐渐增加且提升幅度逐渐减弱,趋于均质岩体,岩体中微裂纹由弥散型分布向破裂面集中;节理岩体峰值剪切强度和法向拉应力的大小呈非线性负相关关系;岩体剪切强度随节理连通率增加而显著降低。 相似文献
5.
Pushpendra Sharma Amit Kumar Verma Anil Negi Manish Kumar Jha Pradeep Gautam 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(15):431
Thermoelastic deformation of rock significantly affects the stability of rock slope because thermoelastic strains may cause fracture propagation under favorable condition of failure. Rock slope stability depends on the balance between shear stress and shear resistance along the plane of weakness. Due to warming of rock slopes by heat transfer phenomena, viz. conduction and convection, considerable change in induced stresses (normal and shear) and resistance takes place which further causes instability in rock slope. In this paper, a two-dimensional finite element model has been used to simulate the stability of jointed rock slope containing crack in its upper surface. Four different cases have been simulated on the basis of infilling material (air, water, ice, water and ice) in the crack. Stability of rock slope is examined in terms of shear displacement and factor of safety for different thermal conditions of slope surface. A comparative study has been done for the four cases of infilling material in the crack. The various affecting parameters, viz. shear displacement, factor of safety, shear strength along the joint, and different surface temperature conditions, are illustrated by means of graphs. It has been found that the values of horizontal and vertical displacements are in the range of millimeters. The maximum values of horizontal and vertical displacements are 2.17 mm. Moreover, the maximum values of vertical compressive and tensile stresses are 15.4 MPa and 4.45 MPa respectively for the said four cases. According to the infilling material in the crack, the stability of the rock slope for the given geometry of slope is found in the following order: crack filled with ice < crack filled with ice and water < crack filled with water < empty crack. Validations of numerical results have been done from previous studies, and it has been found that the trends of normal stress, shear strength, and shear displacement along the joint are well matched. 相似文献
6.
建立含有非贯通层面和正交次级节理的逆层岩质边坡FLAC/PFC2D耦合计算模型,进行地震动力破坏过程模拟试验,研究了逆层岩质边坡地震动力破坏机理。试验结果证明,在地震动力破坏过程中,边坡内部层面主要产生剪切破坏,少量张拉破坏集中于逆层边坡顶部位置并且总是发生在坡体已经产生动力失稳之后,因此层面的抗拉强度并不影响逆层边坡的地震动力稳定性。坡顶正交次级节理只能产生张拉破坏,形成宏观的岩层倾倒趋势,而坡底的正交次级节理既会产生张拉破坏,也会产生剪切破坏,破坏面滑动趋势明显。动力响应坡顶放大效应和破坏面发育位置深度导致坡顶岩体的张拉倾倒早于坡底岩体的剪切滑动,与逆层边坡静力倾倒破坏顺序相反。 相似文献
7.
循环剪切荷载作用下岩石节理变形特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以水泥砂浆为相似材料,制备3种岩壁强度、5种起伏角度的锯齿型节理试样;利用试验设备,进行了在4种法向应力下的循环剪切试验。根据试验结果,结合循环剪切试验特点,定义剪胀角来表征节理循环剪切的法向变形特性,以及剪切刚度来表征节理循环剪切的切向变形特性。基于不同起伏角、不同强度等级和不同法向应力下的节理试样循环剪切试验结果,分析了循环剪切过程中剪胀角和剪切刚度的变化规律;并利用不同条件下的试验结果,对比分析初始起伏角度、法向应力、岩壁强度对节理循环剪切变形特性的影响规律。研究发现：剪胀角、剪切刚度均随着剪切循环次数的增加而呈现先快、后慢的降低趋势,并且中低起伏角度节理的剪胀角、剪切刚度的降低趋势随着初始起伏角度、法向应力的增加而加快,随着岩壁强度增加而变慢,高起伏角度节理的剪胀角、剪切刚度的降低趋势基本保持不变。 相似文献
8.
含顺层断续节理岩质边坡地震作用下的破坏模式与动力响应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于二维颗粒流软件PFC2D的人工合成岩体技术（SRM）,研究了岩桥倾角和节理间距不同组合形式的含顺层断续节理岩质边坡在地震作用下的破坏模式与动力响应规律。研究结果显示：在地震动力作用下,含单潜在滑动面的顺层断续节理岩质边坡呈现出滑移-倾倒的混合破坏特征,含多潜在滑动面的顺层断续节理岩质边坡则主要发生倾倒破坏;由顺层断续节理以及岩桥交替连接所组成的潜在滑动面是控制边坡动力稳定性的关键因素。在地震动力作用下,最靠近坡脚的岩桥段首先萌生翼裂纹,使得拉应力得到释放,随后各节理相继萌生裂纹并扩展、贯通,最终导致坡体发生阶梯状整体失稳。裂纹扩展受顺层断续节理控制,萌生裂纹中以张拉裂纹为主,且裂纹数量与输入地震波的加速度曲线具有同步性。另一方面,节理面的存在对边坡动力响应产生明显影响,沿坡表以及沿水平方向上的峰值速度、峰值位移随着岩桥倾角的增大、节理间距的减小而增大,同时节理间距和岩桥倾角对于峰值加速度（PGA）放大系数的影响范围主要集中在坡表、坡肩;沿竖直方向上,峰值位移随着岩桥倾角、节理间距的增大而减小,PGA放大系数曲线随高程变化总体呈现U型分布特征。 相似文献
9.
A Bonded Particle Model Simulation of Shear Strength and Asperity Degradation for Rough Rock Fractures 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Mohammad Sadegh Asadi Vamegh Rasouli Giovanni Barla 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(5):649-675
Different failure modes during fracture shearing have been introduced including normal dilation or sliding, asperity cut-off and degradation. Attempts have been made to study these mechanisms using analytical, experimental and numerical methods. However, the majority of the existing models simplify the problem, which leads to unrealistic results. With this in mind, the aim of this paper is to simulate the mechanical behaviour of synthetic and rock fracture profiles during direct shear tests by using the two-dimensional particle flow computer code PFC2D. Correlations between the simulated peak shear strength and the fracture roughness parameter D R1 recently proposed by Rasouli and Harrison (2010) are developed. Shear test simulations are carried out with PFC2D and the effects of the geometrical features as well as the model micro-properties on the fracture shear behaviour are studied. The shear strength and asperity degradation processes of synthetic profiles including triangular, sinusoidal and randomly generated profiles are analysed. Different failure modes including asperity sliding, cut-off, and asperity degradation are explicitly observed and compared with the available models. The D R1 parameter is applied to the analysis of synthetic and rock fracture profiles. Accordingly, correlations are developed between D R1 and the peak shear strength obtained from simulations and by using analytical solutions. The results are shown to be in good agreement with the basic understanding of rock fracture shear behaviour and asperity contact degradation. 相似文献
10.
Characterisation of confinement effect on jointed rock pillars using a Synthetic Rock Mass approach 
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下载免费PDF全文 Confinement effect on jointed rock pillars is numerically characterised in this research using a Synthetic Rock Mass (SRM) approach. The SRM is an integrated model incorporating a discrete fracture network within a Particle Flow Code 3D particle assembly. In this paper, the confinement effect on a 3D jointed pillar SRM model is investigated in a series of simulations, including biaxial compression tests and true and conventional triaxial compression tests. The numerical results suggest that the applied confining stresses generally result in higher pillar strengths and ductile post‐peak responses. More brittle post‐peak behaviour is simulated in the biaxial and true triaxial tests when the pillar is confined by a high stress in one lateral direction and by a zero/low stress in the other lateral direction. This phenomenon is attributed to significant lateral pillar dilation in the less confined direction. Detailed pillar failure modes are monitored in the uniaxial and triaxial tests. Axial splitting fractures and long shear zones cutting through the pillar are simulated when the pillar is able to dilate in the direction of least confinement. Localised shearing along joints and failed rock blocks is the dominant failure mode when the pillar dilation is resisted by the applied confining stresses. The pillar remains relatively intact with limited cracking in the pillar core in the highly confined triaxial tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献