共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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流域生态系统评价体系是评价研究流域是否健康的基本依据,其评价结果为流域生态系统保护措施和政策制定提供基础。在介绍流域生态系统健康状态的前提下,总结了国内外流域生态系统评价理论和评价指标的发展历史及现状,整合出目前较为流行的评价体系,并着重阐述了五类实用模型,分别为:水基系统评价模型、改进物元分析、生物完整性指数法、压力-状态-响应模型(PSR)及景观格局分析法。针对不同的流域环境选择合适的评价体系是准确评价流域生态系统健康状况的根本。总结得到综合指标评价体系,主要包括物理、生物、社会环境、生态功能及社会功能等五种指标,在明确指标后按评价流程对流域进行系统评价。对现存的问题进行了分析与展望。 相似文献
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根据＂压力-状态-响应＂（PSR）框架模型,对南四湖健康状态进行评价。选取南四湖流域人口密度、工农业供水需求、富营养化程度、南四湖生物多样性指数、环保投资指数等能够充分反映南四湖压力、状态和响应的指标构建评价指标体系;通过专家经验赋值法对各评价指标进行权重确定,并对指标进行标准化赋值;提出了南四湖健康评价模型并且得出南四湖的健康综合指数;根据健康综合指数,确定南四湖健康状况。研究结果表明,南四湖健康评价指数为0.4051,南四湖健康处于＂亚健康＂状态。 相似文献
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为科学评价太子河生态系统健康状况,结合2020年太子河流域21个样点的社会功能、水生生物、地貌形态和水文水质等指标调查数据,采用层次分析法计算评价河流健康状况。结果表明：参与调查的21个样点中达到健康、亚健康、脆弱、病态等级的样点占比依次为19.05%、61.90%、14.29%和4.76%,太子河河流生态系统整体处于亚健康状况,其中评分最高、最低的样点是TZH12的4.14分和QH的1.97分;上游和干流的生态系统健康状况总体上优于下游、支流,生态系统健康具有显著干支流差异性和空间差异性。 相似文献
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对长江经济带湿地生态系统的健康状况进行综合评价并预测分析,为该湿地可持续发展提供依据。以“压力-状态-响应”（PSR）为框架,选取12个指标构建评价体系;采用层次分析法（AHP）计算各项指标的权重,同时将湿地健康状况划分为“健康、亚健康、脆弱、疾病、恶劣”五项;通过综合评价指数（CEI）对其健康进行分析,并利用整合移动平均自回归（ARIMA）模型预测2025年湿地健康状况。结果表明：长江经济带湿地健康综合评价指数在2005—2017年从0.475 5增长到0.613 7,健康等级从“脆弱”转变为“亚健康”,到2025年综合评价指数预计超过0.700 0,继续保持“亚健康”状态。在压力、状态、响应三项准则层中,压力子系统有相对风险,状态和响应指标应继续保持湿地生态系统的健康状态;在12个评价指标中,人口自然增长率、湿地面积变化率及自然保护区数、第三产业所占比重和湿地管理水平、生态环境恢复是影响长江经济带湿地生态系统健康状况的最主要因素。 相似文献
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黄河内蒙古段生态系统健康状况评价 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
河流生态系统健康评价研究是目前生态学研究的一个新概念、新问题,生态系统健康是人类与环境间的相互关系协调及实现生态可持续发展的重要基础。基于水文学和生态学原理,对河流生态系统健康的概念进行了界定,建立了河流生态系统健康评价指标体系及其评价方法,将评价结果分为优、中和差3个等级。以黄河内蒙古段为例,对其生态系统健康状况进行了评价。结果表明:黄河内蒙古段2006年生态系统健康评价最终得分为0.558,处于中等健康状态。提出了改善黄河内蒙古段健康状况的对策和建议,评价成果为黄河内蒙古段的生态环境的改善与管理提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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渭河陕西段作为陕西省乃至西北地区经济社会发展的中心地带,其河流健康的治理十分重要。本文选取河流结构指数、生态环境指数和社会经济指数等评价指标对渭河陕西段河流健康进行评价,通过专家调查和层次分析法对各个指标的权重系数进行确定,对渭河干流陕西段河流健康的内涵进行了探讨分析。以期为渭河陕西段的河流生态保护工作和健康发展提供借鉴,有助于流域水生态环境保护和区域经济可持续发展。 相似文献
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Yang Yang Zhonghua Wang Xuelian Wang Changsen Zhao Chunbin Zhang Tianli Pan 《地球科学进展》2020,35(5):513-522
With the socio-economic development, water demand has increased, resulting in river environment flow often not being met. As an important indicator of river ecosystem, environment flow plays a key role in maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem. This study fully considered the biological needs of river ecosystems, used food web models (Ecopath) to identify key species of fish, determined the ecological flow velocity, combined the river sections, and used the Adapted Ecological Hydraulic Radius Method (AEHRA) to calculate the environment flow. Based on the calculation results of the environment flow, the River2D model was used to simulate the river flow, and the environment flow satisfaction rate of the river was calculated. The calculation results show that the environment flow of each river in the flood season can be satisfied, and the environment flow of most rivers in the non-flood season cannot be satisfied, and the satisfaction rate is extremely low, which causes the ecosystem health to be destroyed. Therefore, ecological regulation of rivers during non-flood seasons should be strengthened to meet river environment flow. The new method for calculating the environment flow of the river provided in this paper can provide a method for aquatic ecological restoration, and the research results can provide important scientific basis for the aquatic ecological restoration and management of rivers in Jinan. 相似文献
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As a kind of anthropogenic activity with significant impact on river ecosystem, dam construction and reservoir creation will result in the degradation and disappearance of terrestrial ecosystem in its flooded area. It will cause the significant change of downstream eco-environment and disrupt the continuity and connectivity of natural rivers. There may be “accumulative effects” on the impact of river cascading development on its ecosystems, which is to “amplify” the impact of damming on river ecosystems step by step. However, the role, approach, and hydro-ecological mechanisms of the “accumulation effect” are still not clear. Additionally, this will also result in the uncertainty in the objective, targets, spatio-temporal scope and action path of adaptive management of river cascading development. In river cascading development, the current adaptive practice on restoring natural hydrological processes and river ecosystem may no longer be effective. There is need to understand the function and structure of river-reservoir system and its succession. The trade-offs between multi-stakeholders of river-reservoir system shall be also taken into consideration. The upper Yangtze River has experienced intensive cascading development, which is unique among the world’s rivers and will profoundly change the ecosystem in the upper Yangtze. The adaptive management of upper Yangtze should aim at optimizing the ecological structure of rivers and reservoirs and maintaining the health of river-reservoir ecosystems. Future research could be focused on the role and form of “accumulative effects” in upper Yangtze, and the trade-offs among multiple stakeholders. These will construct a new paradigm for the operation and management of green hydropower in the upper Yangtze. 相似文献
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文章尝试性地提出岩溶水生态系统的概念,从系统的特征、功能和面临的威胁三方面论述了其内涵,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应(DPSIR)模型,综合考虑自然因素和人类活动叠加影响,构建了岩溶水生态系统健康评价指标体系;用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,用综合评价法确定岩溶水生态系统所处健康状态,并将其分为很健康、健康、亚健康、不健康和病态五级。并以晋祠泉域为例,采用ArcGIS空间分析技术确定岩溶水生态系统健康评价等级。结果表明:泉域煤矿开采区处于不健康状态,东部平原区和中部径流区均处于亚健康状态,碳酸盐岩裸露区和汾河周边区域处于健康状态,分别占晋祠泉域总面积的29%、31%和40%。 相似文献
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A. V. Arakel 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):335-369
Sediment at the sediment‐water interface of natural and man‐made waterways forms an integral part of the ecosystem because it is affected by a continuous flux of physical, chemical and biological components between the sediment, interstitial water and the overlying water column. Aquatic sediments contain records of past and present urban and rural runoff, chemical discharges and spills. In recent years sediment quality has received increasing attention following identification of the role of sediment as both a sink for pollutants and as a contaminant source with potential impacts on the quality of receiving waters. Research has indicated that the processes leading to remobilization of contaminated sediments in upstream reaches of a waterway may, through time, exert a significant influence on water quality in the downstream reaches. This, together with the cumulative effects due to contaminant input from point and non‐point source discharges, have dramatic effects on water quality and thus on ecosystem structure and functioning. The problems associated with elevated concentrations of many hazardous organic and inorganic compounds have resulted in the establishment of aquatic sediment quality criteria and management guidelines in many overseas countries, with the objectives being the reduction and elimination of adverse environmental effects and human health risks associated with contaminated sediments. Whereas more than 70% of the Australian population is clustered around the coastal waterways, little is known about the role of sediments as a repository of environmental pollutants and/or as a source of adverse impacts on water quality and the health of our rivers. The paucity of knowledge on the quality of aquatic sediment highlights the need for the development of coherent guidelines for sediment quality assessment and management of contaminated sites, which are consistent with Australian environmental conditions and land use features. A comparative evaluation of sediment quality information from eight coastal rivers along the east coast of Australia, presented in this paper, indicates the possibility for establishing a framework for regional sediment quality assessment. This may be achievable by using textural and compositional attributes of bottom sediments in depositional areas to develop databases on the loading and concentration trends of nutrients and contaminants. Regional variability in sediment quality determinants are shown to reflect the influence of catchment hydrology, lithology and land use on nutrient and contaminant concentration trends. Locally, the loading and partitioning behaviour of sediment‐bound contaminants is largely controlled by the nature and the extent of interactions occurring at the sediment‐water interface within individual depositional units. The concept of ‘Sediment Effect Zone’ is introduced to provide a compartmental approach to the characterization of aquatic sediments and depositional environments in different hydrologic zones. This approach offers a rational basis for follow‐up chemical and biological assessments to establish sediment quality standards and management guidelines. Because of the complex influences of environmental, methodological and statistical factors on defining the sediment variability, the need for implementing proper quality control measures from early stages of design of a sediment quality assessment program is highlighted. 相似文献
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我国海洋生态调查指南编制说明 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋生态调查的主要目的是了解海洋生态系统基本的群落结构和生态功能及其重要影响因素,掌握生态系统健康状况，把握其变化趋势。基于生态系统健康理论建立我国海洋生态调查的基本框架体系，编制了我国海洋生态调查指南。根据目前的技术设备、实用方法和经费限制，确定最能反映我国海洋生态系统特征的生态要素和评价内容，并规定了相应的调查和评价方法。与《海洋调查规范海洋生物调查》和《海洋监测规范》比较，该指南具有3个显著特点：①调查要素不仅包括海洋生物和海洋环境等自然要素，还包括人为活动要素，充分考虑我国近海生态系统的高强度开发利用的特点；②从生态系统的结构、功能和压力3个方面建立起海洋生态系统健康评价的核心框架体系；③提出生态压力的量化指标，定量评估人类活动对生态系统的压力。 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2016
The sustainable management of China’s rivers is very important to the well-being of both the environment and its people. Yet the country’s rivers are now facing imminent threats from river overexploitation. The deteriorating condition serves as a stark reminder that relevant policies must be revised to ensure their wiser stewardship. In this short critical review, we first briefly stated river development history and various impacts arising from river overexploitation. We then elaborated the issues in river management, which connived numerous behaviors neglecting river degradation happened at all institutional levels. Based on the weakness, we proposed some policy recommendations to sustain China’s rivers and balance river development and conservation. The article concludes by proposing the development of a national river protection law to reinforce integrated river management, improve the implementation of environment impact assessments, and fulfill long-term goals for river conservation and sustainable development. 相似文献
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生态地球化学是地学与土壤学、农业、环境学和生态学等多学科交叉融合产生的新学科,是地球化学领域新的发展方向。区域生态地球化学评价是在区域地球化学调查基础上,针对影响流域/区带生态系统安全性的元素异常而开展的一项评价和研究工作。多目标区域地球化学调查获得的海量高精度地球化学数据,可为环境质量评价提供背景值、为土地的质量和生态管护提供地球化学依据;调查还发现了一系列影响流域生态安全性的元素异常,针对异常元素分布特征,区域生态地球化学评价将开展异常元素追踪和成因甄别、生态效应评价和生态系统安全性的预警预测等项评价和研究工作。文章论述了区域地球化学调查成果,介绍了区域地球化学评价的思路,阐述了区域生态地球化学评价的主要问题与对策。 相似文献