共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
公路、铁路等线路穿越岩溶地区时,合适的选线方法可降低工程造价、减少工程病害及环境影响,从而科学解决穿越与避让问题。拟建广安至邻水公路为双向四车道一级公路标准,初步设计阶段在工程可行性研究基础上采用低线A线和高线K线方案进行研究。华蓥山特长隧道穿越岩溶地区,为本项目的控制性工程。以华蓥山特长隧道为研究对象,在充分收集既有G42沪蓉高速华蓥山隧道相关资料的基础上,通过分析岩溶区岩溶发育规律、水文地质特点和岩溶地区公路选线的相关要点,采用多种辅助技术,总结出选线原则,最终推荐K线方案为总体最优方案。通过此工程实例,提出在复杂地质岩溶区公路选线的过程中要遵守“多比选,慎选择”的原则、践行地质环保选线原则和“以避为主,避重就轻,动态设计”的设计要点。 相似文献
2.
大型洞室群稳定性与优化的进化有限元方法研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
随着地下洞室群规模的日益扩大，迫切需要一种更新的全局优化方法以提高效率、优化结构在保证工程稳定性的同时能最大限度地减小工程造价。遗传算法的最新发现使得大型洞室群稳定性的最优建模和获得全局最优解成为可能。针对某地下洞室群工程，提出了进化有有限元方法，对工程软岩置换方案进行了优化。将有限元与遗传进化算法相结合，由遗传算法产生一组初始可行方案，以洞室开挖引起的破损区体积大小与参考值的增量比为评价指标，经过遗传变异操作，产生一组新的软岩置换方案，对每种方案进行应力分析，确定破损区大小，最终得到损坏区体积最小的方案即为最优软岩置换方案。这种方法可以优化得到全局最优解，并且搜索速度较快，较目前其它方法更易于在微机上实现。运用于实例中，得出了合理的置换方案，并提出了施工的合理化建议。 相似文献
3.
滑坡治理是一个复杂的非线性问题,影响因素众多,各个因素之间相互制约。传统滑坡支护治理方案存在不同程度的浪费,有必要进行方案细部结构的优化设计。基于退火策略变尺度混沌优化算法,对二密滑坡锚固支护方案的锚索结构进行细部优化设计。针对锚固方案,选取锚索布设道数、锚索水平间距、锚索钢绞线根数、锚索锚固角、锚固孔径5个因素作为优化设计变量,以工程造价作为优化目标,同时保证滑坡稳定安全,进行方案优化分析。经过优化后的设计方案造价比规范法设计方案的造价减少33.17%,并且采用优化的支护方案锚固后的滑坡体稳定系数提高,潜在滑动面稳定系数提高3.31％。经过比较分析,混沌优化设计方案更加科学、合理、经济、安全。 相似文献
4.
娄新高速公路岩溶发育特征与地基处理方案优化研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
娄底—新化高速公路岩溶发育。由于邻近煤矿采矿抽排水,地下水位急降,形成土洞和塌陷。为保证公路建设经济、安全,须对岩溶路基进行处理。通过对地基处理方案影响因素进行研究与分析,运用多目标决策模糊集理论并结合层次分析方法,优选出具有多指标因素属性和模糊特性的岩溶地基处理方案。在此基础上,从地质条件出发,并考虑加固效果、工程造价等,比较了3种岩溶地基处理方案:注浆、沉管挤密桩、强夯+双层钢筋混凝土连续板。分析结果表明:强夯+双层钢筋混凝土连续板方案最佳,模糊优化计算中,该方案对优的隶属度最高,达0.86,具有施工便捷、加固效果好、成本低等优点,总造价为仅1 350万元,分别比沉管挤密桩、注浆处理少170万和360万元。 相似文献
5.
优化技术在娘子关泉域岩溶地下水开采资源量评价与管理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国北方岩溶地下水，多数是以泉域水资源系统为单元进行循环的，各岩溶地下水系统以规模大、系统结构复杂为典型特征。在岩溶地下水开发利用过程中，如何兼顾各开采水源地的开采量、井采与泉水流量问等关系，以避免出现水文地质环境问题，是多年来水文地质界一直关注的问题。本文将水资源系统与供水系统相结合，采用优化技术建立了娘子关泉域岩溶地下水评价管理模型，以此为基础提出了多种开发方案，为类似地区的地下水评价与开发管理提供范例。 相似文献
6.
7.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(9):1349-1356
In this paper, the solution of two-dimensional Maxwell’s equations is considered using the Laguerre transform. Optimal parameters of the difference schemes for the equations are obtained and presented. Numerical values of these optimal parameters are given. Second-order difference schemes with the optimal parameters provide an accuracy of the solution of the equations that is comparable to the accuracy of the solution using fourth-order schemes. It is shown that, when using the Laguerre transform, the number of optimal parameters can be reduced compared to the Fourier transform. This reduction leads to a simplification of the difference scheme and a reduction in the amount of computation, i.e., to efficiency of the algorithm. 相似文献
8.
Hexavalent chromium is a soluble, mobile, and highly toxic metal ion in groundwater. Adsorption by permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) with special sorbent is a common method to remove hexavalent chromium. A series of experiments have been performed to remove hexavalent chromium in groundwater under PRB with modified chitosan. Therefore, in this paper, the authors first estimated adsorption characteristics of the modified chitosan in a column test, and then calibrated the PRB adsorption parameters in a sandbox test, and finally designed an optimal width, length, and depth of the PRB with the same reactive media in a three-dimensional aquifer. The results showed that the modified chitosan might be a potential adsorption medium. The design schemes can meet the water quality standard of 0.1 mg/L Cr(VI). Heterogeneity of dispersion is a crucial factor when designing the PRB. Therefore, the design of the PRB structures can be appropriate and serve as reference for groundwater remediation. 相似文献
9.
A preliminary problem to solve in the set-up of a mathematical model simulating a geophysical process is the choice of a suitable discrete scheme to approximate the governing differential equations. This paper presents a simple technique to test finite difference schemes used in the modeling of geophysical processes occurring in a geological structure. This technique consists in generating analytical solutions similar to the ones characterizing a geophysical process, given general information on some relevant parameters. Useful information for the choice of the discrete scheme to employ in the mathematical model simulating the original geophysical process can be obtained from the comparison between the analytical solution and the approximated numerical solutions generated by means of different discrete schemes. Two classes of numerical examples approximating the differential equation that governs the steady state earth's heat flow have been treated using three different finite differences schemes. The first class of examples deals with media whose phenomenological parameters vary as continuous space functions; the second class, instead, deals with media whose phenomenological parameters vary as discontinuous space functions. The finite difference schemes that have been utilized are: Centered Finite Difference Scheme (CDS), Arithmetic Mean Scheme (AMS), and Harmonic Mean Scheme (HMS).The numerical simulations showed that: the CDS may yield physically inconsistent solutions if the lattice internodal distance is too large, but in case of phenomenological parameters varying as a continuous function, this pitfall can be avoided increasing the lattice node refinement. In case of phenomenological parameters varying as a discontinuous function, instead, the CDS may yield physically inconsistent solutions for any lattice-node refinement. The HMS produced good results for both classes of examples showing to be a scheme suitable to model situations like these. 相似文献
10.
Sample schemes used in geostatistical surveys must be suitable for both variogram estimation and kriging. Previously schemes
have been optimized for one of these steps in isolation. Ordinary kriging generally requires the sampling locations to be
evenly dispersed over the region. Variogram estimation requires a more irregular pattern of sampling locations since comparisons
must be made between measurements separated by all lags up to and beyond the range of spatial correlation. Previous studies
have not considered how to combine these optimized schemes into a single survey and how to decide what proportion of sampling
effort should be devoted to variogram estimation and what proportion devoted to kriging
An expression for the total error in a geostatistical survey accounting for uncertainty due to both ordinary kriging and variogram
uncertainty is derived. In the same manner as the kriging variance, this expression is a function of the variogram but not
of the sampled response data. If a particular variogram is assumed the total error in a geostatistical survey may be estimated
prior to sampling. We can therefore design an optimal sample scheme for the combined processes of variogram estimation and
ordinary kriging by minimizing this expression. The minimization is achieved by spatial simulated annealing. The resulting
sample schemes ensure that the region is fairly evenly covered but include some close pairs to analyse the spatial correlation
over short distances. The form of these optimal sample schemes is sensitive to the assumed variogram. Therefore a Bayesian
approach is adopted where, rather than assuming a single variogram, we minimize the expected total error over a distribution
of plausible variograms. This is computationally expensive so a strategy is suggested to reduce the number of computations
required 相似文献
11.
深基坑支护方案灰色物元分析优化模型及其应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
针对深基坑支护方案优化中各指标的不相容性和信息不完全性,提出基于灰色物元分析的深基坑支护方案优化模型。该模型将备择方案、优化指标及其灰特征值作为灰色物元,通过计算综合关联度进行排序,得到相对最优的深基坑支护方案。结合工程实例,采用深基坑支护结构的可靠性、造价、施工难度、工期和环境影响5项指标,将该模型应用于具有4个备择方案的深基坑支护方案优化。与模糊优化理论模型进行了对比,得到了一致的结果。灰色物元分析优化模型同时考虑了方案优化问题中各指标间的不相容性和其数值的灰色性,概念清晰、方法合理,结果更加符合实际。 相似文献
12.
This work deals with sequential implicit schemes for incompressible and immiscible two-phase Darcy flows which are commonly used and well understood in the case of spatially homogeneous capillary pressure functions. To our knowledge, the stability of this type of splitting schemes solving sequentially a pressure equation followed by the saturation equation has not been investigated so far in the case of discontinuous capillary pressure curves at different rock type interfaces. It will be shown here to raise severe stability issues for which stabilization strategies are investigated in this work. To fix ideas, the spatial discretization is based on the Vertex Approximate Gradient (VAG) scheme accounting for unstructured polyhedral meshes combined with an Hybrid Upwinding (HU) of the transport term and an upwind positive approximation of the capillary and gravity fluxes. The sequential implicit schemes are built from the total velocity formulation of the two-phase flow model and only differ in the way the conservative VAG total velocity fluxes are approximated. The stability, accuracy and computational cost of the sequential implicit schemes studied in this work are tested on oil migration test cases in 1D, 2D and 3D basins with a large range of capillary pressure parameters for the drain and barrier rock types. It will be shown that usual splitting strategies fail to capture the right solutions for highly contrasted rock types and that it can be fixed by maintaining locally the pressure saturation coupling at different rock type interfaces in the definition of the conservative total velocity fluxes. The numerical investigation of the sequential schemes is also extended to the widely used finite volume Two-Point Flux Approximation spatial discretization.
相似文献13.
基坑支护方案决策受决策者的风险态度和指标的随机模糊性影响与控制,是一个复杂的不确定性决策难题。应用联系数与累积前景理论的耦合方法,探讨了基坑支护方案的联系累积前景理论优选新模型,即首先基于原始规范化的决策信息确定正、负理想方案,再基于联系数理论定量统一描述待选方案与正、负理想方案间的确定和不确定关系,以构建基于联系前景效用价值函数的综合决策模型,并求解最优的权向量,确定合理的基坑支护方案。实例应用和与其他方法结果对比表明,文中方法应用于基坑支护方案优选是有效可行的,且能定量表达待选方案与理想方案间的联系和转化态势,避免了基坑支护方案决策过程的非理性。 相似文献
14.
Tunisia has invested heavily in irrigation schemes to secure water supply. The management of irrigation systems has been denied to local water user associations (WUA). These WUAs are assimilated to a natural monopoly. They sell water to farmers at the unit operational cost (marginal production cost). Such a price does not allow for budgetary balance, which leads to a chronic deficit of these WUA. It also does not reflect the scarcity of the resource, a situation that contributed to irrigated area expansion, an increase in the agricultural water demand, and misallocation of the resource. Low cost recovery results in poor maintenance, infrastructure deterioration, and water distribution inefficiency. The purpose of this paper is two folds: (i) to propose an alternative price scheme which ensures cost recovery and water use efficiency and (ii) to examine the impact of this new price on the farms’ surplus. To achieve this goal, we assumed that irrigation’s water price increase will be necessary. A field survey of 75 farmers in the center of Tunisia was conducted to estimate the irrigation water demand function. We also used the data collected on 36 WUAs in the region to estimate the irrigation water production cost function using the OLS method for both demand and cost functions, and the peak and the non-peak irrigated demand functions (i.e., summer and winter). The methodology consisted of maximizing social surplus to derive optimal prices for both seasons. The main results show that an increase in price in the range of 11 to 15 % in the winter and 50 to 75 % in the summer results in 11 % decrease of the annual quantity consumed and in a 2 % increase in the social surplus. 相似文献
15.
用模糊数学方法选择软土地基加固方案 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
刘国 《水文地质工程地质》2000,27(4):17-19
本文用模糊数学的聚类分析方法分析几咱常用软土地基处理方案的技术、造价、工期等指标,并对其处理方案进行模糊选择。 相似文献
16.
One of the driving forces in porous media flow is the capillary pressure. In standard models, it is given depending on the
saturation. However, recent experiments have shown disagreement between measurements and numerical solutions using such simple
models. Hence, we consider in this paper two extensions to standard capillary pressure relationships. Firstly, to correct
the nonphysical behavior, we use a recently established saturation-dependent retardation term. Secondly, in the case of heterogeneous
porous media, we apply a model with a capillary threshold pressure that controls the penetration process. Mathematically,
we rewrite this model as inequality constraint at the interfaces, which allows discontinuities in the saturation and pressure.
For the standard model, often finite-volume schemes resulting in a nonlinear system for the saturation are applied. To handle
the enhanced model at the interfaces correctly, we apply a mortar discretization method on nonmatching meshes. Introducing
the flux as a new variable allows us to solve the inequality constraint efficiently. This method can be applied to both the
standard and the enhanced capillary model. As nonlinear solver, we use an active set strategy combined with a Newton method.
Several numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility of the new algorithm in 2D and 3D and show the influence
of the retardation term.
This work was supported in part by IRTG NUPUS. 相似文献
17.
高速公路滑坡稳定性分析及治理优化研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在分析溪沟口滑坡工程地质概况及形成机理的基础上,采用传递系数法和有限元法对其进行了稳定性评价。结果表明,该滑坡稳定性达不到安全标准,必须进行加固治理。考虑滑坡稳定状况,采用抗滑桩结合地表排水对滑坡进行治理。在传递系数法结合有限单元法计算结果的基础上,构造出一定数量的抗滑桩加固方案,分别计算其治理后的稳定性和工程造价,以此为进化神经网络的学习样本, 建立设计参数与稳定性及加固方案造价之间的非线性映射关系,利用遗传算法在全局范围内快速搜索出最优的设计参数,选择合理的滑坡治理方案。最后利用有限元法对滑坡体治理前后的稳定状况进行分析,对所提出的优化治理方案进行稳定性验算,结果证明优化方案能够达到滑坡治理的设计要求,治理效果明显。 相似文献
18.
R. Eymard T. Gallouët C. Guichard R. Herbin R. Masson 《Computational Geosciences》2014,18(3-4):285-296
We give here a comparative study on the mathematical analysis of two (classes of) discretization schemes for the computation of approximate solutions to incompressible two-phase flow problems in homogeneous porous media. The first scheme is the well-known finite volume scheme with a two-point flux approximation, classically used in industry. The second class contains the so-called approximate gradient schemes, which include finite elements with mass lumping, mixed finite elements, and mimetic finite differences. Both (classes of) schemes are nonconforming and can be expressed using discrete function and gradient reconstructions within a variational formulation. Each class has its specific advantages and drawbacks: monotony properties are natural with the two-point finite volume scheme, but meshes are restricted due to consistency issues; on the contrary, gradient schemes can be used on general meshes, but monotony properties are difficult to obtain. 相似文献
19.
Conventional modelling of transport problems for porous media usually assumes that the Darcy flow velocities are steady. In certain practical situations, the flow velocity can exhibit time‐dependency, either due to the transient character of the flow process or time dependency in the boundary conditions associated with potential flow. In this paper, we consider certain one‐ and three‐dimensional problems of the advective transport of a chemical species in a fluid‐saturated porous region. In particular, the advective flow velocity is governed by the piezo‐conduction equation that takes into account the compressibilities of the pore fluid and the porous skeleton. Time‐ and/or mesh‐refining adaptive schemes used in the computational modelling are developed on the basis of a Fourier analysis, which can lead to accurate and optimal solutions for the advective transport problem with time‐ and space‐dependent advective flow velocity distributions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
基于模糊灰关联投影法的深基坑支护方案优选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对深基坑支护方案决策影响因素的信息不完全性以及影响因素间与评价指标的灰色关联性,综合应用灰色系统理论、矢量投影原理和模糊数学理论,在灰色关联投影法的基础上,提出了深基坑支护方案优选的模糊灰关联投影法;采用组合赋权方法,使权重能更合理地诠释各指标因素的影响;提出了一种基于最优方案区分度的灵敏度分析方法。工程实例分析表明,采用该方法具有科学实用、操作简便、易于实现程序化、决策灵敏度高等特性,能够为方案的决策提供更为可靠的依据,具有一定的推广和实用价值 相似文献