共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
植被物候是反映植被动态的重要指标和气候变化对生态系统影响的重要感应器,它影响着地表反照率、粗糙度、蒸发散、CO2通量以及人类生产活动。首先论述了基于遥感的植被物候提取方法和植被物候变化的影响因素两方面的研究进展,然后指出气候变化背景下植物物候研究存在的突出问题,包括遥感难以直接获取常绿植被叶片和冠层结构物候、尺度效应阻碍遥感产品与地面观测的匹配、气候要素(降水和日间、夜间温度等)和城市化对物候的影响及协同作用机制不清楚、缺少针对植被类型的物候产品和模型以及未将物候间滞后效应纳入考虑等。开展常绿植被物候指标的遥感提取方法及算法研制,探索气候变化、极端天气气候对物候的影响机制及未来预估,分析城市化、植被类型对物候的影响以及与气候变化的协同效应,建立综合考虑降水、滞后效应和尺度效应的群落尺度物候模型,是未来工作关注的重点。 相似文献
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遥感技术在植物物候研究中的应用综述 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
通过遥感技术研究植物物候现象的机理分析,认为植被指数可反映植被各物候期的特征。国内外在探测植物生长季始末日期、花期变化、净第一性生产力变化、全球碳收支等方面的研究促进了植物物候的发展;同样物候研究也可提高遥感影像植物分类和作物估产的精度,同时可促进高光谱遥感的发展。通过我国物候研究从传统的农林业应用转向注重遥感探测、生态学应用的现状分析,展望了我国物候发展方向：关注植物生长季始末时间的时空分布规律;遥感监测植物季相变化;遥感监测植物花期;注重探讨植物生理和生态特征;植物高光谱遥感物候研究;重视物候科普普及工作。 相似文献
3.
基于植被指数和土地表面温度的干旱监测模型 总被引：79，自引：4，他引：79
干旱是一种周期性发生的自然现象,其发生过程中有关参数如地表覆盖度、温度和土壤表层含水量等可以通过遥感的途径进行定量反演,而这些参数客观地反映了地表的综合特征。综述了运用遥感反演产品---土地表面温度和归一化植被指数在干旱监测中的应用前景和进展,分析了距平植被指数、条件植被指数、条件温度指数和归一化温度指数等干旱监测方法的优缺点,在前人研究的基础上,提出了条件植被温度指数的干旱监测模型,探讨了其应用前景。 相似文献
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青藏高原植被动态与环境因子相互关系的研究现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原是中国乃至全球对气候变化最敏感的地区之一,是全球平均海拔最高的地理单元,对周边地区起到重要的生态安全屏障作用。近年来,当地植被受到气候变化和人类活动的双重压力。本文基于文献检索分析青藏高原的植被生理、生态特征对气候变化和人为干扰的响应,并利用荟萃分析定量综述植被覆盖度变化对土壤理化性质的影响。在此基础上分析青藏高原植被与环境因子相互关系的研究尺度与方法。结果表明:(1)气温、降水、辐射等自然因素和放牧、农耕、筑路等人为活动均对青藏高原植被的碳交换、水分利用效率、元素含量与分布格局、物候、多样性等指标产生显著影响,植被的变化也同时影响着土壤的水热交换、水文过程和理化性质等;(2)在植被退化过程中,由高覆盖度向中覆盖度转变时对土壤理化性质产生的不利影响强于由中覆盖度转为低覆盖度时,高覆盖度地区的植被保护需要引起更多关注;(3)现有研究更多关注单一要素、单一尺度,未来应关注多要素间的相互耦合,通过合作与共享获取数据,开展多尺度对比和尺度效应研究,系统梳理和分析植被与环境因子的相互关系可为制定科学合理的生态修复策略提供科学依据。 相似文献
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一种简化的MODIS亚像元积雪信息提取方法 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
遥感技术已逐步成为大范围内积雪信息提取的主要手段,但通常的遥感积雪像元识别算法使用二值判定的模式,这对于山区非连续分布的积雪监测能力较差.针对目前应用广泛的MODIS传感器数据,充分利用了雪盖指数在积雪监测中的重要性,并在考虑了地表覆盖的情况下,建立了像元雪盖率与雪盖指数、植被指数之间的线性关系模型,并利用ETM+数据对模型估算的雪盖率进行了验证.结果表明,该方法能有效地提取亚像元尺度的积雪信息. 相似文献
8.
Designing of the perpendicular drought index 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
In this paper, a simple, effective drought monitoring method is developed using two dimensional spectral space obtained from
reflectance of near-infrared (NIR) and Red wavelengths. First, NIR–Red reflectance space is established using atmospheric
and geometric corrected ETM+ data, which is manifested by a triangle shape and in which different surface targets possess
certain spatial distribution rules. Second, perpendicular drought index (PDI) is developed on the basis of spatial characteristics
of moisture distribution in NIR–Red space, as well as the relationships between PDI and soil moisture is examined. Validation
work includes: comparison of PDI with in-situ drought index obtained from field measured data in the study area which includes
bulk soil moisture content at different soil depths, field moisture capacity and wilting coefficient, etc.; and comparison
of PDI with other recognized drought monitoring methods such as LST/NDVI and vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI).
It is evident from the results that graph of PDI of field measured plots demonstrates very similar trends with ground truth
drought data, LST/NDVI and VTCI. PDI is highly correlated with in-situ drought values calculated from 0 to 20 cm mean soil
moisture with correlation coefficients of R
2 = 0.49 (r = 0.75). This paper concludes that PDI has a potential in remote estimation of drought phenomenon as a simple, effective
drought monitoring index. 相似文献
9.
基于地表温度与植被指数特征空间反演地表参数的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
遥感反演的地表温度(Ts)和植被指数(VI)构成的特征空间结合模型分析可以对显热通量、潜热通量及土壤含水量等地表参数进行估算.这种方法比较实用,且不过多地依赖地面观测数据.随着研究的深入,许多学者在Ts/VI特征空间基础上提出了更加丰富的空间变量.基于此,以不同空间变量为标准,分类介绍在Ts/VI特征空间的基础上对地表能量通量及土壤水分等参数的反演.其中包括在Ts/NDVI特征空间基础上提出温度植被干旱指数和条件植被温度指数来监测干旱;利用Ts/albedo特征空间反演蒸发比;用DSTV/VI特征空间反演蒸散量;用地气温差/植被指数特征空间反演蒸散量等.并介绍了Ts/VI特征空间与微波遥感结合反演地表含水量等相关研究的进展情况,最后提出未来研究的发展方向. 相似文献
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Evolutionary trend of water cycle in Beichuan River Basin of China under the influence of vegetation restoration 
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下载免费PDF全文 To understand the influence of vegetation restoration on the water cycle in semiarid areas, the effects of vegetation restoration on evolution of the key elements of water cycle were clarified by analyzing the evolutionary trend of atmospheric precipitation, ecological consumption water, and surface runoff on a river basin scale on the basis of analytical results of the changes in vegetation coverage and the long-term meteorological and hydrological monitoring data of Beichuan River Basin. The results show that the vegetation cover in the Beichuan River basin has rapidly increased in the hilly and mountainous areas since the 1980s, especially from 2000 to 2019, with the maximum and average vegetation cover rates increased by 14.98% and 52.2%, respectively. During 1956-2016, the annual precipitation in the basin remained relatively stable; the annual surface runoff slightly declined, with an average attenuation rate of 20 million m~3/10 a. The main reason for the runoff decline is the increase in ecological water induced by the vegetation restoration, which has changed the spatial-temporal distribution of the water from atmospheric precipitation in the basin. Spatially, more precipitation was converted into ecological water. As a result, the remnant runoff supplied to the lower reaches reduced accordingly. Temporally, more precipitation participated in the soil water-groundwater cycle, thus prolonging the outward drainage period of the precipitation. Moreover, the large-scale vegetation restoration induced a significant decrease in the surface wind speed, evaporation from water surface and drought index. As a result, a virtuously mutual feedback relationship was formed between the vegetation and meteorological elements. Therefore, vegetation restoration is of great significance for the improvement in the water conservation capacity and semiarid climate conditions in the Beichuan River basin. 相似文献
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藏西北地区生态环境脆弱,由于地形复杂、气候独特,该区的观测资料非常缺乏。利用遥感技术开展藏西北地区的干旱监测,能获取在空间上连续变化的地表干旱情况,对于指导该区农牧业生产具有重要的意义。基于FY-3A/VIRR的一级数据和标准旬产品（地表温度、植被指数）,采用温度植被干旱指数（TVDI）进行藏西北地区的干旱监测研究,并将监测结果分别与基于EOS/MODIS数据监测的结果、同期的野外实测土壤水分数据以及气象站点的降水量数据进行了对比分析。结果表明：利用FY-3A/VIRR数据的TVDI遥感监测结果与实测土壤水分、气象站累计降水量数据均呈显著的负相关关系,通过了0.01水平的显著性检验;利用FY-3A/VIRR数据与EOS/MODIS数据估算的TVDI干旱等级空间分布特征基本一致,FY-3A/VIRR数据可以代替EOS/MODIS数据在藏西北地区开展干旱遥感监测,可为指导藏西北地区农牧业生产提供数据支持。 相似文献
13.
青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸植物种群物候学定量研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用青藏高原腹地北麓河多年冻土区高寒草甸14种代表性植物种群2009年和2010年两个生长季的物候观测资料, 进行植物种群物候学特征的定量分析, 划分物候类型并指出影响不同物候期的环境因子主次. 结果表明: 营养期和结实期的物候指数都较大, 分别为32.70和24.39, 其他物候期则相对较小; 整个生长期持续天数较短, 为155 d左右. 14种植物可划分为3种类型和6大类群. 在营养期和整个生长期, 与物候变化最为密切的环境因子为降水量, 其次为日照时数, 温度居第三; 而影响其他物候期的因子均以日照时数为主, 降水量和温度依次居后. 相似文献
14.
基于时序MODIS NDVI的黑河流域土地覆盖分类研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
归一化植被指数(NDVI)是植被生长状态及植被覆盖度的最佳指示因子,其时序数据也已成为基于生物气候特征开展大区域植被和土地覆盖分类的基本手段。基于时序NDVI数据的土地覆盖分类,即通过提取NDVI时间信号所包含的植被生物学参数,构建起一个包含植被生物学信息的分类特征空间。利用2006年重建得到的MODIS NDVI 16天合成时间序列数据,并结合1 km分辨率的DEM数据、野外实地调查资料等辅助数据,综合分析了不同土地覆盖类型对应的时序NDVI谱线及其第一、二谐波的特征阈值,建立决策树对黑河流域的土地覆盖开展分类研究。结果表明,基于时序MODIS NDVI谱线特征的决策树分类精度为78%,Kappa系数为0.74。利用1 km时序MODIS NDVI时间序列获得较为准确的黑河流域土地覆盖类型是可行的。 相似文献
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近年的研究指出 ,北半球植被的生长季节正在逐渐延长。这一根据大气二氧化碳浓度季节变化、陆地年平均气温和卫星遥感数据的推断 ,尚有待于利用对地面植被的实际观测资料予以检验。由于植物物候现象如开花、展叶、叶变秋色和落叶等客观地描述了陆地植被的季节性生长状况 ,所以 ,利用树木的物候发生期便可确定生长季节的开始与结束时间。文中分析了德国西部 10个自然区域近 30年来物候生长季节长度的时间波动 ,发现在 2 0世纪 70年代中期存在着一次趋势转折 ,从而表明 ,有关近几十年来北半球高纬地区植被生长季节在逐渐延长的结论 ,并不能代表德国西部的实际情况。进一步的研究显示 ,生长季节时间序列与指示其开始的春季物候发生期时间序列呈负相关关系 ,而与 1月或 2月气温时间序列呈正相关关系 ,由此推断 ,春季物候发生期与气温的变化可以作为检测生长季节长度波动的早期征兆。 相似文献
16.
利用MODIS NDVI数据、同期地表水热组合数据和植被类型数据,对2000-2014年蒙古高原生长季和三季（春、夏、秋季）植被覆盖时空演变特征及其对地表水热因子响应模式进行分析。研究表明：这15 a来,蒙古高原生长季及三季归一化植被指数NDVI均呈增加趋势,且呈显著增加趋势区域主要集中在内蒙古地区,一定程度上反映了该地区生态恢复工程的有效性。研究区植被覆盖变化与地表水分指数LSWI有密切的关系,因此证明研究区植被覆盖的增加归因于自然和人为因素的共同作用。不同类型植被NDVI均呈增加趋势,其中荒漠植被NDVI增加最明显,森林植被增加平缓,且存在季节性差异。此外,不同类型植被NDVI受水热因子影响也存在季节性差异。 相似文献
17.
At present, drought monitoring has changed from single factor to multi-factor comprehensive direction. In order to better promote the development of comprehensive drought monitoring theory and related models, the conceptual connotation of comprehensive drought monitoring was comprehensively and systematically analyzed, and the construction methods of comprehensive drought monitoring model were sorted out, which were divided into fivemethods Water balance model method, linear model combination method, multi-variable joint distribution function method, principal component analysis method and multi-source information data mining method. Furthermore, in view of the current challenges and shortcomings of integrated drought monitoring, the direction of future development of integrated drought monitoring model was put forward, that is, at the theoretical level: The first is to study the internal mechanism of drought and its occurrence and development process, clarify the relationship among the factors affecting drought, and construct a comprehensive quantitative drought monitoring model integrating multiple factors; The second is to enhance the pertinence of drought monitoring model, develop suitable drought monitoring model according to different regions, underlying surface, growing season, etc.;The third is to construct the precision verification index system of comprehensive monitoring model for drought in view of the difficulty of model validation. At the technical level, the integration and fusion of drought-related multi-source information is studied to improve its comprehensive utilization level and provide abundant data support and technical support for drought monitoring.
18.
Application of meteorological and vegetation indices for evaluation of drought impact: a case study for Rajasthan, India 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Drought is a serious climatic condition that affects nearly all climatic zones worldwide, with semi-arid regions being especially
susceptible to drought conditions because of their low annual precipitation and sensitivity to climate changes. Drought indices
such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI) using meteorological data and vegetation indices from satellite data were
developed for quantifying drought conditions. Remote sensing of semi-arid vegetation can provide vegetation indices which
can be used to link drought conditions when correlated with various meteorological data based drought indices. The present
study was carried out for drought monitoring for three districts namely Bhilwara, Kota and Udaipur of Rajasthan state in India
using SPI, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), water supply vegetation index (WSVI) and vegetation condition index
(VCI) derived from the Advanced Very High resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The SPI was computed at different time scales of
1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months using monthly rainfall data. The NDVI and WSVI were correlated to the SPI and it was observed
that for the three stations, the correlation coefficient was high for different time scales. Bhilwara district having the
best correlation for the 9-month time scale shows late response while Kota district having the best correlation for 1-month
shows fast response. On the basis of the SPI analysis, it was found that the area was worst affected by drought in the year
2002. This was validated on the basis of NDVI, WSVI and VCI. The study clearly shows that integrated analysis of ground measured
data and satellite data has a great potential in drought monitoring. 相似文献
19.
Permafrost mapping is the basic research direction of geocryology. This paper summarized the development history of permafrost mapping in China. The classification system, permafrost (region) area, and the progress of mapping methods at three aspects, i.e. statistical learning, empirical model and physical model in China were discussed. According to the differences of tools, data availability, models, and methods, permafrost mapping in China has experienced three development stages, including initial stage (1960s-1980s), preliminary application of remote sensing and GIS (1990s-2000s), and fusion of multi-source observation and integrated model (2010-). There are differences in the understanding of permafrost distribution and area in different stages. With the improvement of spatial resolution and maps accuracy, the new permafrost map represents the true permafrost distribution and area better. For methodology, the development of empirical model and physical model runs through three stages. The combination of remote sensing and empirical-based model is the dominated method at present, but statistical learning shows great potential with the accumulation of ground-based and remote sensed data, and physical-based model develops rapidly in China. Coupling with other models, especially with distributed hydrological models, physical-based model provides an important tool for simulating the ecological and hydrological effects of frozen soil changes. The development of earth observation system provides unprecedented opportunities for monitoring permafrost. The optimization of ground survey, data accumulation and open sharing, further development of remote sensing methods, deepening processes understanding of deeper permafrost, further improvement of physical models and their integration with multi-source observations will help break through the challenges faced by permafrost mapping in China and promote the understanding of past, present and future changes of permafrost in China. 相似文献
20.
基于多尺度遥感数据估算地表通量的方法及其验证分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地表水热通量(显热通量、潜热通量)的遥感估算在全球气候变化、水资源、生态环境等研究领域具有重要的应用价值.MODIS数据的空间分辨率较低(热红外波段星下点为1 km),而地球表面的几何物理属性又具有高度非均匀性,因而在实际应用中面临较严重的尺度问题.探讨了多源卫星数据(中高分辨率Landsat TM与中低分辨率MODIS)相结合佑算像元通量的2种方法,分别利用高分辫率的地表分类及植被指数信息在混合像元内部进行亚像元处理,以提高非均匀地表混合像元的通量估算精度.研究数据来自于2008年黑河流域综合实验获取的遥感数据和辅助数据,验证数据来自于实验期间获取的不同下垫面的地表通量数据,包括涡度相关(EC)数据,以及大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)数据.计算结果表明,2种方法皆可在下垫面不均匀或者地表类型较复杂的情况下得到比较明显的纠正效果,纠正后的通量与观测更加接近.相比之下,利用植被指数分解温度的方法适用性更广,纠正效果更好.在地面验证中,对比分析了EC和LAS数据在TM尺度和MO-DIS尺度通量验证的适用性.LAS数据测量尺度与MODIS卫星像元尺度相匹配,可以直接验证MODIS通量计算结果,EC数据虽然可以直接验证TM计算的通量,但与MODIS数据对比,还需要进行尺度转换,即先用EC验证TM通量,然后将TM通量降尺度,与MODIS进行对比.最后对利用LAS验证通量的不确定性进行了分析,发现图像中LAS测点的几何定位误差以及LAS测量路径中像元的选取都对验证结果有一定影响. 相似文献