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1.
西南天山造山带与前陆盆地系统 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对比了前陆盆地与前陆盆地系统两个概念, 阐述了前陆盆地系统的基本含义, 引用这一概念分析和对比了库车前陆盆地与西南天山造山带及造山带内“卫星式”盆地的沉积、构造等特征。认为前陆盆地、造山带及造山带内“卫星式”沉积盆地三者之间是相关联的,造山带内的“卫星式”沉积盆地是前陆盆地系统楔顶的延伸部分, 受造山带的影响, 造山楔内不同部位沉积的楔顶存在明显的差异, 针对南天山“卫星式”沉积盆地而言, 尤尔都斯盆地的构造、沉积特征明显不同于焉耆盆地 相似文献
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3.
中国中西部中、新生代前陆盆地与挤压造山带耦合分析 总被引：69，自引：8，他引：61
中国中西部主要由中、新生代造山带与中、新生代盆地构成盆山格局 :秦岭造山带与南北两侧四川盆地与鄂尔多斯盆地 ;天山造山带与南北两侧塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地 ;哀牢山造山带与东西两侧楚雄盆地与兰坪思茅盆地等 ,总体上构成盆山耦合。根据挤压造山带类型与前陆盆地类型 ,可以划分出 3种耦合类型 ,即 ( 1)碰撞造山带与周缘前陆盆地 ,( 2 )俯冲造山带与弧后前陆盆地及 ( 3)再生造山带与再生前陆盆地。因此前陆盆地是伴随着造山带的形成与演化而发育 ,造山带断滑系统直接控制前陆盆地结构、沉积层序及构造样式等 ,从而制约前陆盆地油气分布的有序性 相似文献
4.
四川叠合盆地盆山耦合特征分析 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
四川叠合盆地三面环山,自东而西夹持于江南、秦岭与龙门山三大山系之间,位于古亚洲、环太平洋与特提斯三大构造域的结合部位;中生代以来,先后经历了海盆、煤盆、陆相广盆、残盆四个盆地世代;盆地沉积充填过程可概括为前陆、坳陷、再生前陆三种基本样式。系统的山盆构造样式及运动学、沉积充填过程分析结果表明盆地周缘造山带造山活动期与盆内古隆起发育期时间耦合;盆地周缘造山带造山活动期与盆地沉积环境转换期时间耦合;盆地周缘造山带构造轴线走向基本保持与盆内山前坳陷或前陆褶冲带构造轴线走向相耦合;盆地周缘造山带不同时期形成的褶冲构造轴线走向基本保持与其同期盆内产生的沉积或沉降中心构造轴线走向相耦合。 相似文献
5.
鄂尔多斯地块南缘位于鄂尔多斯地块与北秦岭造山带结合部位,是研究北秦岭造山带奥陶纪弧-陆碰撞事件沉积-构造响应的理想场所。目前对鄂尔多斯地块南缘奥陶纪盆地的沉积充填特征、构造属性、结构以及演化历史仍缺乏清晰的认识。本文通过对露头区典型剖面观测结果和覆盖区地球物理资料的综合分析,发现鄂尔多斯地块南缘奥陶纪盆地沉积充填整体表现为南厚北薄、顶底均被区域性不整合面所限定的楔状沉积体;由北向南可以划分出局限沉积环境的坳陷带、持续抬升的隆起带和局限浅水-海相深水-陆相冲积扇环境的盆地带。结合北秦岭造山带奥陶纪大地构造属性及演化历史分析,得出鄂尔多斯地块南缘奥陶纪盆地是与北秦岭造山带奥陶纪弧-陆碰撞事件相关的周缘前陆盆地,经历了以下四个阶段的演化:(1)冶里-亮甲山期,前陆盆地初始挠曲阶段;(2)马一-马五期,前陆盆地结构成型阶段;(3)马六-平凉期,前陆盆地快速沉降阶段;(4)背锅山期,前陆盆地快速充填阶段。此外,该周缘前陆盆地具有经典前陆盆地的四元结构:褶皱冲断带位于包括渭河地堑在内的西安-宝鸡一带,前渊带呈近东西向展布于岐山-富平一带,前缘隆起带位于庆阳-运城一带,隆后坳陷带大致位于延安-榆林-绥德一带,呈不规则的椭圆形。该研究不仅有助于查明鄂尔多斯地块南缘奥陶纪盆地性质、结构与演化历史,还为北秦岭造山带奥陶纪弧-陆碰撞事件提供了盆地内部的地质历史证据。 相似文献
6.
川西前陆盆地侏罗纪构造层序地层格架内沉积充填特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了研究侏罗纪龙门山造山带与川西前陆盆地盆山关系,以侏罗系3个构造层序(TS1~TS3)体系域(BE, BW)为研究的基本单元,通过对川西前陆盆地构造层序充填特征的研究发现:龙门山造山带构造运动与沉积盆地的构造层序充填特征吻合较好,并且龙门山造山带北段,中段,南段在各期次构造活动中活动情况具有差异。TS1BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区都发育有冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积,中部地区为三角洲沉积,显示该期龙门山造山带北段和南段构造活动可能较为剧烈,中段相对较平缓。TS1BW期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区都以湖泊沉积为特征,仅在川西前陆盆地中部地区发育有三角洲沉积,显示本期龙门山造山带构造活动不发育,较为平稳。TS2BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区自西而东为冲积扇,三角洲—滨湖、浅湖沉积环境,中部地区为三角洲沉积,显示龙门山造山带又一次剧烈隆升,且北段和南段活动较为剧烈,中段相对较弱。TS2BW期,层序充填结构表明龙门山造山带北段和中段活动情况再次趋缓,但南段构造活动仍然较为活跃。TS3BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区发育有冲积扇沉积,中部则以三角洲-湖泊沉积为特征,显示该期龙门山造山带北段和南段都发生了较为剧烈的构造隆升运动,龙门山造山带中段,构造活动相对较为平缓。TS3BW期,龙门山造山带北段和中段构造活动减弱,南段活动持续加剧,于芦山两河口地区沉积有巨厚的冲积扇沉积物。 相似文献
7.
塔里木盆地变形构造格局及其动力学模式：兼论楔入造山推覆… 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
通过对塔里木沉积盆地及周缘造山带的构造研究，重点讨论了陆内前陆盆地基底性质、变形构造样式、沉积盆地与周围造山带的几何结构特征，提出沉积盆地及盆山耦合关系的楔入造山推覆成盆作用的大陆变形动力学模式。 相似文献
8.
论龙门山前陆盆地与龙门山造山带的耦合关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
李勇 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1998,(2)
论龙门山前陆盆地与龙门山造山带的耦合关系李勇（成都理工学院沉积地质研究所,成都６１００５９）关键词盆山耦合沉积响应地层标识造山作用成盆作用前陆盆地造山带大陆动力学是当今地球科学研究的前沿课题,造山带及其毗邻盆地是研究大陆构造的两个最重要的构造单元,因... 相似文献
9.
台湾西部前陆盆地的构造格局和演化规律 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
基于对台湾岛、台湾海峡和周边海域(南海、东海)的盆山系统、相应动力学机制、构造单元以及其他诸多造山带和毗邻前陆盆地的研究,提出了台湾西部前陆盆地演化的4阶段模式,即:①增生楔发育-单向物源阶段;②挠曲响应-双向物源阶段;③前陆盆地系统形成阶段;④造山带坍塌-前陆衰退阶段。并对各阶段的构造特征、沉积特征和物源供给方式的差异给予了探讨,认为在增生楔发育-单向物源阶段,尽管增生楔业已推覆至陆缘层序之上,但盆地依然呈被动陆缘的外廓特征,以大陆方向为盆地的唯一物源;在挠曲响应-双向物源阶段,盆地开始明显出现挠曲响应,增生楔开始具备并逐步加大向盆地供应沉积物质的能力,但依然以大陆方向为主要物源方向;在前陆盆地系统形成阶段,前渊和前隆区逐步形成,在来自唯一物源、后陆方向造山带物质的快速充填下,前陆期层序快速向前隆方向超覆,形成典型的前陆楔形体;在造山带坍塌-前陆衰退阶段,伸展作用出现并快速扩展,前渊抬升,前陆层序遭受剥蚀,火山作用重新出现。并探讨了该模式是否具有周缘前陆盆地的普遍适用性。 相似文献
10.
云南思茅三叠纪弧后前陆盆地的沉积特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
思茅盆地位于古特提斯构造域的东段,西侧为澜沧江造山带,东侧为哀牢山造山带.三叠纪沉积盆地建立在晚古生代褶皱基底之上,形成于古特提斯洋闭合后,造山早期的弧陆碰撞阶段.前人提出过后陆盆地、滞后型弧后盆地、裂谷盆地和前陆盆地等多种认识.本文通过对盆地形成的地球动力学背景及盆地内沉积体的性质、结构、时空叠置关系、古流向、特殊沉积体的时空展布及其所表现出的盆地沉降中心的迁移规律等方面的系统研究,认为思茅三叠纪盆地属弧后前陆盆地,其演化阶段始于中三叠统安尼期以前,盆地主要受控于澜沧江造山带,晚三叠世晚期受哀牢山造山带影响,具有复合式前陆盆地特点,三叠纪末过渡为陆内拗陷盆地。 相似文献
11.
通过对黄土高原洛川、长武剖面最近35万年来陆生蜗牛化石的高分辨率研究,揭示出喜温湿和喜冷干蜗牛种类分别存在不同的变化周期:喜温湿类蜗牛化石所揭示的东亚夏季风的变化存在明显的41 000a和23 000a周期,与地轴倾角和岁差(低纬度太阳辐射)的变化周期有关;而反映冬季风变化的喜冷干蜗牛种类则表现出不同的变化特点,其主要为0.1Ma和41 000a的周期.冬、夏季风的变化与地轴倾角41 000a周期都存在很好的相关性,但与地球轨道的岁差(19 000～23 000a)及偏心率(0.1Ma)的周期没有一致的相关关系.在轨道尺度上冬、夏季风之间不存在此消彼长的简单变化模式. 相似文献
12.
CENOZOIC DISPLACEMENT HISTORY OF THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT:GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM FIELD OBSERVATIONS IN SOUERKULI AND MANGAR REGIONS, NW CHINAtheprogramsof (1)theYoungGeologistsFoundationoftheMGMR (No .Qn979812 ) ;(2 )“theNational
(G19980 40 80 0 )and (3)openinglabora… 相似文献
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<正> 一、概述东秦岭北坡商县、洛南、卢氏、栾川一带的含砾灰岩,大致呈南北两带分布(图1)。 相似文献
14.
《Sedimentary Geology》2006,183(1-2):71-97
Large NW–SE oriented, Neogene–Quaternary structural depressions, up to about 200 km long and 25 km wide, have developed on the western side (hinterland) of the Northern Apennines over thrust substrate. The depressions are now, for the most part, laterally bounded by normal faults and are longitudinally separated into basins by transfer zones. A debate exists in the literature as to whether these basins have developed as half-graben under a predominantly extensional regime since late Miocene, or as thrust-top basins under a predominantly compressional regime that has continued until the Pleistocene. The Radicofani Basin is one of the best-preserved basins. It developed mainly during the late Miocene–Early Pliocene in the southern half of the Siena–Radicofani structural depression, and is now bounded on the east by normal faults that transect a thrust anticline “nose“ in the substrate, to the north by a substrate high or transfer zone, and to the south and west by Quaternary igneous/volcanic edifices. The basin experienced variable differential tectonic and associated sedimentation along linking, normal boundary faults. Along its eastern margin it shows the development of thick (∼600 m) alluvial fans that developed in relay areas between boundary faults and transverse faults and transfer zones. Well-exposed sections generally show upward transitions from conglomeratic alluvial fans, to shoreface sandstone, to offshore mudstones. Locally, the transition is marked by deltas primarily characterised by thick gravelly, sandy, stacked cross-sets The thicker, sandy-gravel to gravelly-sand cross-sets (5–8 m thick) are interpreted as Gilbert-type deltas; interstratified thinner (0.5–1 m thick), generally openwork gravelly strata are part of delta topset assemblages and probably represent prograding fluvial bars. Tectonic movements provided the accommodation space for the total, ∼2700 m thick basin fill. Sea level fluctuations that led to the repeated development of the cross-sets may also have been influenced by climatic or eustatic changes, possibly related to the effects of early Antarctic glaciations.Some features of the Radicofani Basin can be found in both extensional and compressional basins. However, the position of the basin in the mountain chain and the development of alluvial fans, fandeltas and associated deposits along the main boundary fault, combined with structural evidence from seismic lines, show that during the early Pliocene this basin best conforms to existing models of half-graben. 相似文献
15.
THE PALEOCURRENT PATTERN OF EARLY TERTIARY REDBEDS IN THE HOH XIL BASIN,NORTHERN TIBET PLATEAU:IMPLICATIONS FOR AN EARLY UPLIFT AND UNROOFING 相似文献
16.
盆地形成及成矿与地幔流体间的成因联系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
文中共讨论以下5个问题:(1)盆地起源于幔壳溃变和膨隆,后者是地幔流体(超临界态(>375℃)HACONS流体,简称幔汁)上涌、渗入、交代、富化、致熔的产物。地幔流体造成油气盆地深部的高热流、异常超高压、伊利水云母化、硅化和地层有机碳的加氢成油作用。(2)盆地成矿可分两大阶段,先是沉积时的同生成矿;地层沉积后还有众多的后生成矿。两者组成“盆地矿套”(杜乐天,2002)。成矿无论同生还是后生,其分布均受断裂控制,都和地幔流体活动有关。(3)黑色页岩的实质是碳-硅-泥三元岩系,和热液成矿中的碳酸盐-硅质-泥质蚀变三元完全相当。此类岩系中总是有几十种亲壳亲幔亲气元素的特殊富集。奇异的是,石油、油页岩、沥青及砂岩型铀矿彼此有完全类似的继承性元素特殊富集。此等元素群不可能都是来自盆地之外蚀源区岩体的风化。研究证明,相当多的元素是地幔流体携带上来的。(4)盆地地层中广泛发育由地幔流体衍生的热液作用。(5)盆地实质上是气盆,全盆地排气。许多气田是地幔流体排气形成的。沙漠(原地型)和天然气田的共生很值得注意,两者皆源于地球强烈排气,导致地下和大气增温,过度蒸发,不易降雨,长期干旱而形成沙漠。 相似文献
17.
This paper presents a geological–structural study of some Neogene hinterland basins of the Northern Apennines, located on the Tyrrhenian side of the chain. These basins developed on the already delineated thrust-fold belt from middle–late Tortonian times. Their evolution has been commonly referred to an extensional tectonic regime, related to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea. New data have allowed us to hypothesize a different tectonic evolution for the chain, where compressive tectonics plays a major role both in the external and in the hinterland area. In this frame, the hinterland area located west of a major outcropping crustal thrust (Mid-Tuscany Metamorphic Ridge) has been the target of a geological–structural investigation. The field mapping and structural analysis has been focused on the syntectonic sediments of the Radicondoli–Volterra basin as well as on adjoining minor basins. These basins commonly display a synclinal structure and are generally located in between basement culminations, probably corresponding to thrust anticlines. Sediments of the hinterland basins have been affected by compressive deformation and regional unconformities separate stratigraphic units due to the activity of basement thrusts. In the study area, normal faulting either accommodates the thrusting processes or post-dates compressive deformation. A chronology of faulting and a six-stage evolution of this area are presented, providing further insights for the Neogene tectonic evolution of the Northern Apennines. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
MECHANISM OF THE BASIN-MOUNTAIN METALLOGENIC SYSTEM IN HIMALAYAN PERIOD IN SANJIANG CONCENTRATION AREA,SOUTHWEST CHINA 相似文献
19.
GEORGE POSTMA 《Sedimentology》1983,30(1):91-103
ABSTRACT Pebbly sediments of the shallow marine Abrioja fan-delta show pockets (bowl-shaped structures, partly filled with pebbles) and pillars (elongate structures, filled with sand and pebbles). These structures are most abundant in pebbly sediments deposited on a steep slope ( ca. 25°-10°) and are absent in conglomerates deposited on a slope of ca . 6° and less, although they are present in the pelitic top of these beds.
The pocket and pillar structures are interpreted as fluid escape structures originating from local liquefaction and fluidization, processes which are favoured by rapid deposition, rapid sediment accumulation, the presence of less permeable layers and an immature sediment texture.
These conditions are met in conglomeratic fan-deltas, which have steep slopes with immature sediments. It is concluded that the presence of fluid escape structures in conglomeratic sediments may indicate a steep depositional slope. 相似文献
The pocket and pillar structures are interpreted as fluid escape structures originating from local liquefaction and fluidization, processes which are favoured by rapid deposition, rapid sediment accumulation, the presence of less permeable layers and an immature sediment texture.
These conditions are met in conglomeratic fan-deltas, which have steep slopes with immature sediments. It is concluded that the presence of fluid escape structures in conglomeratic sediments may indicate a steep depositional slope. 相似文献
20.
ALAN P. HEWARD 《Sedimentology》1978,25(4):451-488
Vertical sequence analysis within 1500-2500 m thick coarse-grained coalfield successions allows six sedimentary associations to be distinguished. These are interpreted in terms of depositional environments on, or related to alluvial fans which fringed a fault bounded source region. (i) Topographic valley and fanhead canyon fills: occurring at the bases of the coalfield successions and comprising sporadically reddened, scree, conglomeratic thinning and fining upward sequences, and fine-grained coal-bearing sediments. (ii) Alluvial fan channels: conglomerate and sandstone filled. (iii) Mid-fan conglomeratic and sandstone lobes: laterally extensive, thickly bedded (1-25 m) and varying from structureless coarse conglomerates and pebbly sandstones, to stratified fine conglomerates and cross-bedded sandstones. (iv) Interlobe and interchannel: siltstones, fine-grained sheet sandstones, abundant floras, thin coals and upright trees. (v) Distal fan: 10 cm-1.5 m thick sheet sandstones which preserve numerous upright trees, separated by silt-stones and mudstones with abundant floras, and coal seams. The sheet sandstones and normally arranged in sequences of beds which become thicker and coarser or thinner and finer upwards. These trends also occur in combination. (vi) Lacustrine: coals, limestones, and fine-grained, low-energy, regressive, coarsening upward sequences. Proximal fan sediments are only preserved in certain basal deposits of these coalfields. The majority of the successions comprise mid and distal alluvial fan and lacustrine sediments. Mid-fan depositional processes consisted of debris flows and turbulent streamflows, whilst sheetfloods dominated active distal areas. A tropical and seasonal climate allowed vegetation to colonize abandoned fan surfaces and perhaps resulted in localized diagenetic reddening. Worked coals, from 10s cm-20 m thick, occur in the distal fan and lacustrine environments. These alluvial fan deposits infill‘California-like’basins developed and preserved along major structural zones. In many of their characteristics, in particular the occurrence of thinning and fining, and thickening and coarsening upward sequences and megasequences, these sediments have similarities to documented ancient submarine fan deposits. 相似文献