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1.
对P507萃淋树脂分离稀土元素的条件进行了实验,拟定了以P507萃淋树脂为固定相,HCl为流动相分离4N级荧光材料Eu_2O_3中14种稀土杂质元素的流程,使被测杂质与基体Eu_2O_3达到了较好的分离;再用阳离子交换树脂分离被测液中非稀土杂质元素。选择了端视ICP-AES测量稀土杂质元素的最佳条件。称样量50mg时各杂质组分的测定下限(ug/g)为:CeO_2、Pr_6O_(11)、Nd_2O_3、Sm_2O_3、Tb_4O_7、Ho_2O_3、Er_2O_3,Tm_2O_3、Lu_2O_30.4,La_2O_3、Gd_2O_3、0.2,Dy_2O_3、Y_2O_30.04,Yb_2O_30.02。6次取样分析,各杂质组分加入量为10ug/g(CeO_2为2ug/g),加入回收率在84%~112%;RSD<13%。方法可用于纯度在99.99%~99.9995%Eu_2O_3中14种稀土杂质元素的测定。  相似文献   

2.
八庙—青山金红石矿床化学成分与成矿关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
徐少康  李博昀 《河南地质》1996,14(4):249-255
本矿床是我国金红石矿床重要的成因及工业类型,为具有特定化学成分的岩石在特定变质条件下形成的。本文通过对大量数据的处理,查明了化学成分和成矿的关系,高Al2O3,MgO,Fe2O3+FeO,K2O,P2O5,H2O^+,MnO,低SiO2,CaO,Na2O,CO2,S等,利于钛富集;高TiO2,MgO,P2O5,S,低SiO2,CaO,K2O,Al2O3,Fe2O3/FeO,利于金红石形成,高Sf,  相似文献   

3.
黄山东镁铁超镁铁杂岩中的辉石化学成分研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
通过对黄山东镁铁超镁铁杂岩的辉石化学成分研究,证明辉石的化学成分受寄主岩石类型的制约,从超镁铁岩相到角闪辉长岩相斜方辉石的化学成分由富MgO、SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Cr_2O_3到富FeO、TiO_2、CaO、MnO;单斜辉石化学成分由富Al_2O_3、Cr_2O_3、Na_2O、MgO到富FeO、MnO、CoO。在同一寄主岩石中,单斜辉石比斜方辉石富TiO_2、Al_2O_3、Cr_2O_3、CaO和Na_2O,贫MgO、SiO_2、MnO和FeO。根据辉石化学成分特征得出黄山东杂岩形成于岛弧环境,为上地幔石榴二辉檄榄岩部分熔融形成的拉斑玄武岩岩浆结晶分异作用的产物。  相似文献   

4.
广西煤的常量元素地球化学特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
系统分析了广西未变质煤、区域变质煤和热液变质煤的SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、TiO2、SO3。低灰分煤的常量元素主要来自古植物对成土母岩的选择性吸收,具明显的超基性或基性特征。随煤变质程度升高,未变质煤、区域变质煤中的常量元素没有发生迁移,而热液变质煤中的SiO2和Al2O3相对增加,SO3和CaO相对减少。  相似文献   

5.
据产出在闽北中生代陆相长英质火山质中受陷爆碎屑岩控制,以铀、银、钼共生为特征的570矿床流包裹体及氢、氧同位素研究表明,570矿床成矿温度为150-180℃,成矿流体以富含HCO3、F、SO4^2-、K、Na等组分为特征,铀主要以UO2(CO3)2^2-,UO2(UO3)3^4-、UO2F4^2-、UO2F3形式运移,成矿富集作用与两种不同成因水溶液(火山热液和大气降水)的混合有关。对火山岩、基底  相似文献   

6.
利用等温溶解法测定了三元体系Li2C2O4-Li2CO3-H2O的溶解度,相平衡图中有三个相区,即Li2CO4,Li2CO3、Li2C2O4+Li2CO2。两条单变量曲线,一个共饱点。  相似文献   

7.
浙西石炭纪层状硅质岩地球化学特征及其意义   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
在浙西石炭纪地层中存在与地层整合产出的层状硅质岩。硅质岩中FeO、MnO、TiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O等含量相对较高,富集As、Sb、Bi、Au、Ag、Ga,Fe2O3/FeO、SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/(Na2O+K2O)、SiO2/MgO比值较小,稀土元素总量低,Ce弱负异常,重稀土相对富集,包裹体富含气相组份CH4、CO2、N2、CO、H2,具热水沉积硅质岩的地球化学特征。在Fe—Mn—(Ni+Co+Cu)三角图及SiO2—Al2O3、SiO2—Fe2O3图上均属于热水沉积硅质岩。硅质岩中硅、氧同位素也显示其热水成因之特点。硅质岩的硅同位素和稀土元素Ce/Ce※值表明本区层状硅质岩主要是在浅海环境下沉积的。硅质岩的形成温度较高,为98℃~152℃  相似文献   

8.
郑永凤  葛晓红 《铀矿地质》1999,15(5):310-316
本文采用P507萃取树脂-盐酸体系色谱法对高纯氧化镱中14种稀土杂质元素进行分离、富集,用ICP-AES法测定其稀土元素含量。当上柱量为200mgYb2O3时,所能达到的测定下限:Eu2O3为1μgg-1;Y2O3,Gd2O3,Dy2O3,Ho2O3,Tm2O3,Lu2O3为2μgg-1;La2O3,Er2O3为4μgg-1;Pr6O11,Nd2O3,Sm2O3,Tb4O7为8μgg-1;CeO2为16μgg-1。5次取样分离,加入试验回收率在88%—112%之间,相对标准偏差<10%。本方法可适用于纯度为99.95%—99.99%的氧化镱中14种稀土杂质元素的测定。  相似文献   

9.
湘南地区沉积构造环境的地球化学探讨   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
根据湘南地区出露地层的岩石化学成分特征初步讨论了湘南地区的沉积构造环境。湘南地区细碎屑岩的w(Al2O3)/w(CaO+Na2O),w(K2O)/w(Na2O)比值比较高,w(Al2O3)/w(SiO2)比值比较低,与被动大陆边缘特征类似,各时代地层中硅质岩和页岩的w(MnO)/w(TiO2)比值为0.02 ̄0.3,反映其沉积环境为浅海陆架环境,但下二叠统硅质岩中w(MnO)/w(TiO2)比值达  相似文献   

10.
在热液条件下水溶液中晶质铀矿溶解度的定量估算是采用已报道的热力学数据进行的,并用来研究阿萨巴斯卡铀矿田不整合面型铀矿化的控制因素。溶解度计算结果表明,UO2CO3^0,UO2(CO3)^2-2和UO2(CO3)^4-3等碳酸铀酰络合物在相对氧化和弱酸-弱碱条件下占主导地位;在酸性条件下氯铀酰络合物(UO2CL^+)占优势。在温度200℃以上和一定的二氧化碳分压(Pco2)和盐度的范围以内,上述特征  相似文献   

11.
The small, burrowing, edwardsiid sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is widely distributed in estuaries and bays. Most typically it occurs in pools in marshes though it may occur subtidally as well. We have compiled records of its occurrence in North America from Nova Scotia to Georgia along the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, from Florida to Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico and from California to Washington on the Pacific coast. To date we have found no records of its presence in Alabama or Texas, though it is present in all other of the contiguous coastal states of the United States. The species also occurs in England. We have obtained living specimens from many locations and have crossed females from England, Maryland, Georgia, California, Oregon, and Washington with males from Nova Scotia, Maryland, Georgia, and Oregon. These 24 crosses all yielded viable first-generation anemones that in turn produced second-generation animals. We accept this as proof that this widely distributed anemone is a single species. We have obtained living N. vectensis from 11 areas. Of these, only samples from Maine, Maryland, Georgia, and Oregon contained both sexes. The sample from Nova Scotia was all male and our samples from England, New Hampshire, California, and Washington were all female. We hypothesize that the unisexual samples were from clones resulting from asexual reproduction in this species. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY066 00015  相似文献   

12.
《China Geology》2023,6(1):137-153
Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores, which has a defect in resources, environment, and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine. This paper focuses on the research progress of extracting lithium from spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, and zinnwaldite by acid, alkali, salt roasting, and chlorination methods, and analyzes the resource intensity, environmental impact, and production cost of industrial lithium extraction from spodumene and lepidolite. It is found that the sulfuric acid method has a high lithium recovery rate, but with a complicated process and high energy consumption; alkali and chlorination methods can directly react with lithium ores, reducing energy consumption, but need to optimize reaction conditions and safety of equipment and operation; the salt roasting method has large material flux and high energy consumption, so require adjustment of sulfate ratio to increase the lithium yield and reduce production cost. Compared with extracting lithium from brine, extracting lithium from ores, calcination, roasting, purity, and other processes consume more resources and energy; and its environmental impact mainly comes from the pollutants discharged by fossil energy, 9.3–60.4 times that of lithium extracted from brine. The processing cost of lithium extraction from lepidolite by sulfate roasting method is higher than that from spodumene by sulfuric acid due to the consumption of high-value sulfate. However, the production costs of both are mainly affected by the price of lithium ores, which is less competitive than that of extracting lithium from brine. Thus, the process of extracting lithium from ores should develop appropriate technology, shorten the process flow, save resources and energy, and increase the recovery rate of related elements to reduce environmental impact and improve the added value of by-products and the economy of the process.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

13.
Rare earth elements(REE)include the lanthanide series elements(La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy.Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,and Lu)plus Sc and Y.Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines.This article summarizes the occurrence of these metals in the Earth’s crust,their mineralogy,different types of deposits both on land and oceans from the standpoint of the new data with more examples from the Indian subcontinent.In addition to their utility to understand the formation of the major Earth reservoirs.multi-faceted updates on the applications of REE in agriculture and medicine including new emerging ones are presented.Environmental hazards including human health issues due to REE mining and large-scale dumping of e-waste containing significant concentrations of REE are summarized.New strategies for the future supply of REE including recent developments in the extraction of REE from coal fired ash and recycling from e-waste are presented.Recent developments in individual REE separation technologies in both metallurgical and recycling operations have been highlighted.An outline of the analytical methods for their precise and accurate determinations required in all these studies,such as,Xray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS),instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA),inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES),glow discharge mass spectrometry(GD-MS),inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(including ICP-MS,ICP-TOF-MS,HR-ICP-MS with laser ablation as well as solution nebulization)and other instrumental techniques,in different types of materials are presented.  相似文献   

14.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

15.
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.  相似文献   

16.
鲁春铜铅锌矿床位于中咱-中甸板块和昌都-思茅板块之间的金沙江构造带中部,矿体长约3 km,厚度在1.06~16.35 m之间。其赋矿围岩为火山沉积岩系,容矿构造为印支期逆断层。鲁春铜铅锌矿床矿石中硫化物的δ34S值变化于3.5‰~6.8‰之间,硫化物的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.554~18.656,207Pb/204Pb比值为15.662~15.752,208Pb/204Pb比值为38.801~39.009。石英流体包裹体的HO182δO值变化范围为2.74‰~1.25‰,δDV-SMOW变化范围为107‰~123‰。鲁春铜铅锌矿床的硫铅氢氧同位素分析结果表明,该矿床成矿物质来源于地幔,部分来源于岩浆,在成矿流体上升过程中,有壳源物质的加入。早二叠世晚期金沙江洋盆向西俯冲形成了一系列逆断层,同时导致下地壳部分熔融,引发大规模的火山岩浆作用。在晚三叠世早期,构造背景由挤压环境到伸展环境的转折期,这些逆断层具有张性的特点,为后期的成矿热液提供了有利的容矿构造。上升的岩浆为地幔楔内的成矿流体提供了通道。岩浆内的部分成矿流体进入白茫雪山花岗闪长岩体附近的逆断层富集成矿。  相似文献   

17.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).  相似文献   

18.
三塘湖盆地二叠系陆相热水沉积方沸石岩特征及成因分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在新疆三塘湖盆地野外露头及钻井中二叠统芦草沟组(P2l)厚层黑色泥岩中发现多层白色纹层状方沸石岩。根据主要造岩矿物特征,将其大致分为两类,第一类为方沸钾长白云岩,主要造岩矿物包括细粒方沸石、泥晶钾长石(透长石、正长石)、泥晶白云石、泥晶铁白云石等,碳酸盐矿物以高的Fe、Mn含量为特征;第二类为方沸硅质岩与硅质方沸石岩,以细粒方沸石及泥晶石英为主,含少量碳酸盐。扫描电镜观察方沸石以自形的四角三八面体少见,多为它形块状或无定形胶体状。样品主量元素以富SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、贫TiO2为特征,微量元素Th、Nb、Ti强烈亏损,Sr/Nd比值为44.73~831.78,Nb*介于0.02~0.17之间。∑REE总量偏低7.33~20.619 μg/g,LREE/HREE为4.77~11.20,δEu 0.60~0.99略具负异常,δCe 0.96~1.04,基本无亏损,稀土配分曲线为较平缓的右倾。方沸石岩微量元素、稀土元素配分曲线与研究区早、中二叠世玄武岩、粗面岩及上地壳有较大差异。87Sr/86Sr介于0.705 118~0.706 438之间,低于同时期全球海水及中上二叠统海相碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr比值,143PNd/144Nd介于0.512 454~0.512 713之间,εNd介于-0.81~3.84之间,表明造岩热液可能含有幔源组分。通过详细的岩石学、地球化学及Sr、Nd同位素研究,认为这是一类与陆相裂谷盆地湖底热泉喷流作用有关的热水沉积岩组合,热液组分除了有壳源物质及大气水等的混入外,可能还有深部物质的参与。  相似文献   

19.
The sparkling waters from the area of Kyselka near Karlovy Vary at the western slope of the Doupovske hory, Bohemia (Czech Republic), and CO2-poor waters from two underground boreholes at Jachymov, Krusne hory, Bohemia, have been studied with the aim of characterizing the distribution of rare earth elements, yttrium, and H, O, C, Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes during the low-temperature alteration processes of the host rocks. Additionally, leaching experiments were performed at pH 3 on the granitic and basaltic host rocks from Kyselka and the granite of Jachymov. All REE patterns of the granite- and the basalt-derived waters from the Kyselka area are different from those of their source rocks and the leachates of the latter. This elucidates the inhomogeneous distribution of REE and Y among the solid phases in the altered magmatic rocks. The Eu and Ce anomalies in granite-derived waters are inherited, the Y anomaly is achieved by fluid migration. Yttrium is always preferentially leached by mineral waters, whereas Y/Ho ratios of rocks and their leachates are very similar. The REE abundances in waters from the wells in Jachymov are derived from rocks intensely leached and depleted in easily soluble REE-bearing minerals, whereas the granites and basalts from Kyselka still contain soluble, REE-bearing minerals. A comparison of REE/Ca patterns of the experimental leachates with those of the mineral waters elucidate the high retention of REE in rocks during water–rock interaction. In strongly altered rocks Sr isotope ratios of mineral waters and rocks differ widely, whereas the corresponding Nd isotope ratios are very similar. 207Pb/208Pb, 206Pb/208Pb and 206Pb/207Pb ratios in mineral waters are independent from U/Th ratios in the rocks. 206Pb/208Pb and 206Pb/207Pb are lower in mineral waters than in their source rocks and their leachates, which indicates that Pb is primarily derived from solid phases that do not contain significant contents of leachable U and Th. Thus, mineral waters, although CO2 rich, only interact with surface films on minerals and not with the bulk of the minerals as in the leaching experiments.Calculation of mixing ratios of waters from the granitic and basaltic sources of the waters from the Kyselka area yield about 40% of water from the underlying granite in water recovered from the basalt, whereas the granite-derived water is mixed with only about 5% of the water from the basalt.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract: The Shin-Ohtoyo Cu–Au deposit is located in the Harukayama district, 20 km west of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Both acid-type disseminated and adularia–quartz–type vein Au mineralizations have been recognized within a small distance of less than 500 m in the district. Mineralogical characteristics of sulfide ores from the Shin-Ohtoyo deposit have been proved to be polymetallic. Ore minerals containing Sn, V, Bi and Te are recognized. Nine ore types are recognized in terms of characteristic mineral assemblage; (1) chalcedonic quartz veinlets in silicified zone around the deposit, (2) bismuthinite, emplectite, friedrichite and tetrahedrite, (3) an unnamed Cu–Sn–Fe–Zn sulfide, colusite-series minerals, stannoidite, emplectite and tetrahedrite, (4) bournonite, Se-bearing galena and tetrahedrite, (5) luzonite/famatinite and Ag-bearing tetrahedrite, (6) colusite-series minerals, emplectite, aikinite and tetrahedrite/goldfieldite, (7) luzonite/famatinite, colusite-series minerals, mawsonite and tetra–hedrite/goldfieldite, (8) enargite, luzonite/famatinite and tetrahedrite, and (9) colusite-series minerals and tetrahedrite. The first occurrence of friedrichite and stibiocolusite from Japan are reported. The chemical formula of the unnamed phase corresponds to Cu6(Cu, Fe, Zn)Sn3S10. Sulfur isotopic ratios (δ34S) of sulfides from the stockpile range from –0. 5% to +1. 9%, and those from drill cores recovered by Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ) vary from –2. 7% to +0. 8%. Sulfur isotopic ratio of barite in a cavity in the silicified tuff breccia collected from the stock pile yields +27. 1%, while that of barite collected from MMAJ core is +21. 7%. Sulfur isotopic thermometry applied for a pair of barite (+21. 7%) and associated pyrite (+1. 8%) indicates about 300°C. High–Te tetrahedrite composition from both the chalcedonic quartz vein in the silicified zone around the Shin-Ohtoyo deposit and the polymetallic sulfide ores from the adit of the deposit, suggests that the Au mineralization in the former is attributed to a hydrothermal system marginal to the polymetallic mineralization.  相似文献   

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