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1.
Irina Gaus 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(2):218-229
Pesticides are a potential threat to the quality of extracted groundwater when the water-supply area is used for agricultural
activities. This problem is discussed for the water-supply area of Sint-Jansteen, The Netherlands, where measured pesticide
concentrations in the extracted water regularly exceed EU limits (0.1 μg/L). Groundwater samples taken from the aquifer within
the water-supply area show low contamination, but samples taken from the extracted water occasionally contain pesticides,
making the water inadequate for drinking-water purposes. The more intense contamination of the extracted water is caused by
the change in the natural groundwater flow pattern near the extraction wells. In this area, pesticide use cannot be avoided
easily, and an approach is given to differentiate pesticide use in the area according to expected travel time toward the wells
and the chemical characteristics of the pesticides. A groundwater flow model for the area is developed and the effects of
groundwater extraction on the natural flow pattern are evaluated. Using particle tracking, the travel-time zones are determined.
Combining these results and the degradation behavior of certain pesticides led to an optimal scheme to integrate agricultural
activities and groundwater extraction in the area. This is illustrated for five different types of pesticides (atrazine, simazine,
bentazone, MCPA, and mecoprop).
Received, October 1998/Revised, July 1999, September 1999/Accepted, November 1999 相似文献
2.
Lithuania, in the Baltic region of northern Europe, is heavily dependent on groundwater resources for its public water supply,
with a large proportion, especially in rural areas, derived from shallow Quaternary aquifers. A national groundwater-vulnerability
methodology, based upon the UK approach, has been developed on behalf of the Lithuanian Ministry of Environmental Protection
as a possible basis for the future protection of shallow groundwater resources for the rural inhabitants.
Some modifications to the UK methodology were required to enable archive data to be used. The four aquifer classes depicted
on the final groundwater vulnerability map are based upon the assessed relative permeabilities of the uppermost Quaternary
deposits. The derivation of the classification of soil-leaching potential required a reassessment of Soviet-based soil wetness
and particle-size classes and a calculation of subsoil-saturated hydraulic conductivity. A preliminary validation of the final
maps against available shallow groundwater samples suggests that the methodology satisfactorily predicts the intrinsic groundwater
vulnerability.
The final methodology, based upon its low-cost approach using archive data, is relevant to the current needs of Lithuania
and can be applied in other regions of similar geology and climate.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
3.
广汉市平原区浅层地下水化学演化及其控制因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为在广汉市城乡规划过程中提供地下水资源开发利用的基础信息,采用矿物风化系统分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和PhreeQC反向水文地球化学模拟等方法对广汉市平原区的浅层地下水的地下水水化学组分进行分析,确定了浅层地下水的水化学演化及控制因素,完成了地下水资源的质量及时空分布特征分析。分析表明：Gibbs图显示岩石风化主导该区地下水水化学特征,风化过程产生离子和次生矿物又经历水解作用,在矿物风化系统稳定场图中显示水样中铝硅酸盐矿物逐渐趋于溶解,碳酸盐矿物处于饱和状态;PhreeQC反向水文地球化学模拟结果显示在水流模拟路径上主要发生了钙蒙脱石、钾长石溶解和高岭石、石英、钠长石的沉淀,以及Ca-Na2之间的阳离子交换吸附作用;离子相关性和主成分分析进一步的验证了溶滤作用、蒸发浓缩作用和阳离子交换吸附作用是引起浅层地下水水化学过程和矿物组成改变的主要原因。研究区地下水水质总体不会对人体健康造成不良影响。 相似文献
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山东鲁北平原地下水资源与可持续利用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
鲁北平原目前区内供水水源以黄河客水和地下水为主。最新均衡计算结果为:浅层地下水开采资源量37 03×108m3 a,深层地下水开采资源量2 62×108m3 a。据山东省水资源可持续利用总体规划报告,现状年需水量约74×108m3 a,2010年需水量为93×108m3 a,2030年需水量为109×108m3 a,现状年供需基本平衡,远景供水不足。浅层地下水易采易补,更新能力强,应以合理调控水位为中心,优先开采浅层地下水,充分发挥浅层地下水资源的供水功能,尤其是东阿—齐河—商河—利津沿黄地区更应加强开发浅层水的力度。浅层水为可持续利用的地下水资源量。深层地下水更新能力弱,应严格限制其开发利用。在德州、滨州漏斗中心区,建议实施部分封井,调减开采量。实行地表水与地下水联合调度,优化水资源开发结构,适当增加地表水引用量,实施含水层的恢复工程,遏制地面沉降等环境问题的继续发展,走全面、协调、可持续发展的路子。 相似文献
7.
Residence times of shallow groundwater in West Africa: implications for hydrogeology and resilience to future changes in climate 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
D. J. Lapworth A. M. MacDonald M. N. Tijani W. G. Darling D. C. Gooddy H. C. Bonsor L. J. Araguás-Araguás 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(3):673-686
Although shallow groundwater (<50 mbgl) sustains the vast majority of improved drinking-water supplies in rural Africa, there is little information on how resilient this resource may be to future changes in climate. This study presents results of a groundwater survey using stable isotopes, CFCs, SF6, and 3H across different climatic zones (annual rainfall 400–2,000 mm/year) in West Africa. The purpose was to quantify the residence times of shallow groundwaters in sedimentary and basement aquifers, and investigate the relationship between groundwater resources and climate. Stable-isotope results indicate that most shallow groundwaters are recharged rapidly following rainfall, showing little evidence of evaporation prior to recharge. Chloride mass-balance results indicate that within the arid areas (<400 mm annual rainfall) there is recharge of up to 20 mm/year. Age tracers show that most groundwaters have mean residence times (MRTs) of 32–65 years, with comparable MRTs in the different climate zones. Similar MRTs measured in both the sedimentary and basement aquifers suggest similar hydraulic diffusivity and significant groundwater storage within the shallow basement. This suggests there is considerable resilience to short-term inter-annual variation in rainfall and recharge, and rural groundwater resources are likely to sustain diffuse, low volume abstraction. 相似文献
8.
David Banks 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):765-777
The southern Mudug region of Somalia has been without coherent national government and an international non-governmental organisation (NGO)/UN presence in recent years. Despite this, a functioning water economy can be found, with supply elements based on rainwater harvesting (berkads), shallow wells, motorised deep borehole systems and water tankering. The author argues that this is partly because groundwater has a clear economic value to villages (they can sell it to nomads) and to nomads (without it they will lose the capital that is their livestock), and because there is a revenue collection structure at motorised borehole systems. The ability to understand the economic value of water from the perspective of the user community is a key ingredient in a successful water-supply project in impoverished rural areas. 相似文献
9.
宿州矿区由于长期煤炭开采,不仅形成了浅层地下水降落漏斗,而且造成了不同程度的地下水污染,其污染现状及主要形成原因尚不清楚。为此,本文利用研究区水土污染调查获取的21个地下水样品的 等13项污染指标开展地下水污染源解析工作。在采用改进内梅罗综合污染指数法对研究区浅层地下水环境质量进行评价的基础上,利用因子分析和反距离权重插值方法对研究区浅层地下水进行污染源及空间分布特征解析。研究结果表明:(1)研究区浅层地下水受到了重度污染,以Ⅳ类水为主,污染较严重的指标为 、Mn、Fe和F-。(2)研究区浅层地下水主要包括4个污染源:原生地质环境(F1),其高值区分布在桃园煤矿及其周边;矿坑排水和矸石山淋溶作用下形成的矿业废水(F2),其在桃园和钱营孜煤矿及其周边地区污染较为严重,其余矿区也存在一定程度的矿业废水污染;由生活垃圾、人畜排泄物造成的农村污水(F3),其污染地区主要为朱仙庄和芦岭煤矿一带; 由化肥施用引起的农业污染(F4), 其高值区集中在朱仙庄煤矿及其周边区域。地下水水质的主要影响因素是浅层地下水原生地质环境和矿业废水,其中约有51.040%的污染来源于原生地质环境及煤矿矿业污染的混合污染,约有11.841%的污染来自煤矿矿业废水,其余污染主要来源于农村生活和生产污水以及农业面源污染。(3)研究区浅层地下水主要污染区域为桃园和钱营孜煤矿一带,祁南和祁东煤矿污染相对较轻,朱仙庄和芦岭煤矿水质较好。(4)建议对矿区地下水主要污染源及污染途径进行综合防治:加强矿坑排水口的污水达标排放监管力度;煤矿企业采用生产建筑材料等方法提高矸石的综合利用率;进一步加强与矿区污水、垃圾填埋处理等相关的基础设施建设。 相似文献
10.
我国主要平原盆地地下水资源可持续利用的几点思考 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文根据近年来的最新调查资料,针对长期以来地下水开发实践中存在的主要问题,提出加快调整深层承压水开采布局、充分开采利用浅层水和改变西北内陆盆地水资源利用方式的建议。 相似文献
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罗山自然保护区地下水化学特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
罗山自然保护区是宁夏中部的水源涵养林区。通过对罗山地下水进行取样分析、综合运用描述性分析、因子分析的方法,对地下水化学成分的统计特征及其在空间上的变化规律进行了分析研究。结果表明:①罗山浅层地下水中HCO3-和SO42-绝对含量较高,为地下水中的主要离子。以罗山为中心,向四周辐射,地下水化学类型特征及演变规律;地下水中的Mg2+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-和TDS的相关程度很高,主要是来自沉积砂岩、板岩中的长石、石英和绢云母;区内硫酸根离子、氯离子和水的总硬度普遍超标,咸水区对人体有害的氟化物含量超标,部分微咸水区的氟化物含量超标,淡水区未出现超标现象。 相似文献
14.
The city of Seoul is home to more than 10 million people in an area of 605 km2. Groundwater is abstracted for public water supply and industrial use, and to drain underground facilities and construction
sites. Though most tap water is supplied from the Han River, the quantity and quality of groundwater is of great concern to
Seoul's citizens, because the use of groundwater for drinking water is continuously increasing. This study identifies the
major factors affecting the urban water budget and quality of groundwater in the Seoul area and estimates the urban water
budget. These factors include leakage from the municipal water-supply system and sewer systems, precipitation infiltration,
water-level fluctuations of the Han River, the subway pumping system, and domestic pumping. The balance between groundwater
recharge and discharge is near equilibrium. However, the quality of groundwater and ability to control contaminant fluxes
are impeded by sewage infiltration, abandoned landfills, waste dumps, and abandoned wells.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
15.
【研究目的】变化环境下地下水时空规律的研究有助于水资源精细化管理和区域水资源安全保障。【研究方法】本文基于淮北平原区典型气象站1953—2019年月降雨数据,采用小波分析及M-K检验法,研究多年尺度降雨周期性变化及趋势规律;结合395个国家级监测井及地下水统测数据,采用主成分分析法进行监测井优化评价。【研究结果】淮北平原多年降雨量呈现多时空尺度变化特征,南部地区主周期较北部地区偏小,但周期尺度较多,变化更为复杂;西北部的浅层地下水位持续下降,其余区域水位处于有升有降的波动状态;南部区域浅层地下水水位在1970年、2003年及2019年3个时段呈现出先降低再恢复,北部部分区域地下水水位则呈现先升高再降低的特征,研究区水位总体存在下降趋势,但2000年以来水位总体有所回升;经主成分分析优化后的277个监测井（221个水利井和56个自然资源井）能代表395个原国家监测井的总体水位变化情况。【结论】国家地下水监测工程长序列监测数据能够很好地服务于流域尺度水资源评价及管理,但省市级尺度或重点区域还需要进行优化和加密,地下水位统测可有效填补,该工作应在重要河湖两侧、淮河北岸一带、东北部山前平原等高水力梯度区域进行加密。 相似文献
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北京市大兴区地下水资源开采潜力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据不同含水岩组的水量、水质和水温特征,分析了大兴区地下水资源的开采潜力,提出了地下水开发利用建议,为大兴区城市规划、城市供水方案提供依据。 相似文献
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南水北调工程是优化我国水资源配置、解决北方水资源短缺问题的重大举措。由于南水北调中线工程的调蓄作用,河南省受水地区水源结构的改变对主要的供水水源第四系地下水资源势必造成一定的影响。论文在建立河南平原地下水流数值模型的基础上,按照受水区的分配水量相应压采各城市的浅层地下水开采量,模拟预测南水北调中线工程实施后第四系地下水流系统的演化趋势。预测结果表明: 河南平原受水区浅层地下水位都得到了不同程度的恢复,到2010年,郑州市、新乡市、濮阳市漏斗中心水位相比南水北调中线工程实施前（2007年1月1日）将分别提高6.64m,8.15m和4.15m,很大程度上减轻了地下水的开采压力,有效地恢复了地下水位降落漏斗,缓解了当地水资源的供需矛盾; 但是由于农业灌溉超量开采地下水,河南平原中部和东部的非受水区浅层地下水位仍持续下降; 南部尽管不在受水区范围内,但是供水水源主要来自地表水,所以浅层地下水位无明显变化。结合前人的供需水量预测结果,到2010年,南水北调中线工程分配给受水区的水量与受水区的需水量基本持平。 相似文献
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为了揭示黄土高原山地-沟壑区黄土地下水水化学特征及成因,对六盘山东西两侧山区及其西部典型黄土高原山地-沟壑区进行了多次实地考察,合理选择采样点,采集了浅层地下水监测水样。对采集的样品水化学数据进行了分析,结果表明:六盘山地区浅层地下水以低TDS重碳酸盐型为主,径流途径较短,循环条件较好,保持了较好的天然淡水资源状态;而在山地-沟壑区水化学类型则复杂多样,TDS平均值达1 870mg/L,淡水资源相对匮乏。结合各类水化学图可以看出,浅层地下水和地表水的离子来源优势机制以岩石风化为主,并且在山地-沟壑区受到不同程度蒸发作用控制。通过分析地下水中的离子浓度比以及锶元素,发现六盘山区主要为补给区和径流区,山地-沟壑区则是补给区、径流区和径流滞缓区,黄土地下水可能有来自六盘山岩溶水的补给。氟离子浓度和硬度超标是影响区域内水质的最主要因素,在受蒸发作用影响较大的地区尤为突出。黄土高原地下水资源的分布状况和质量参差不齐,保护好区域内较好的淡水资源并且按照地下水分布规律进行合理的开发与宏观调控,是缓解黄土高原水资源问题的关键。 相似文献
19.
Karen R. Burow Bryant C. Jurgens Kenneth Belitz Neil M. Dubrovsky 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2609-2621
A regional assessment of multi-decadal changes in nitrate concentrations was done using historical data and a spatially stratified non-biased approach. Data were stratified into physiographic subregions on the basis of geomorphology and soils data to represent zones of historical recharge and discharge patterns in the basin. Data were also stratified by depth to represent a shallow zone generally representing domestic drinking-water supplies and a deep zone generally representing public drinking-water supplies. These stratifications were designed to characterize the regional extent of groundwater with common redox and age characteristics, two factors expected to influence changes in nitrate concentrations over time. Overall, increasing trends in nitrate concentrations and the proportion of nitrate concentrations above 5 mg/L were observed in the east fans subregion of the Central Valley. Whereas the west fans subregion has elevated nitrate concentrations, temporal trends were not detected, likely due to the heterogeneous nature of the water quality in this area and geologic sources of nitrate, combined with sparse and uneven data coverage. Generally low nitrate concentrations in the basin subregion are consistent with reduced geochemical conditions resulting from low permeability soils and higher organic content, reflecting the distal portions of alluvial fans and historical groundwater discharge areas. Very small increases in the shallow aquifer in the basin subregion may reflect downgradient movement of high nitrate groundwater from adjacent areas or overlying intensive agricultural inputs. Because of the general lack of regionally extensive long-term monitoring networks, the results from this study highlight the importance of placing studies of trends in water quality into regional context. Earlier work concluded that nitrate concentrations were steadily increasing over time in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, but clearly those trends do not apply to other physiographic subregions within the Central Valley, even where land use and climate are similar. 相似文献
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