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1.
运用简易、快捷、灵敏的ICP-MS法直接测定稀有多金属矿以及河水样品中的铀钍含量,并推算其与比放射性活度之间的定量关系,客观评价了某稀有多金属矿废水中的放射性水平以及额尔齐斯河流域的放射性污染现状。研究表明,某稀有多金属选矿废水铀含量可达78．311μg/L,钍含量达0．627μg/L。额尔齐斯河流域各支流河水铀、钍平均含量分别为0．584μg/L、0．025μg/L,其干流河水钍平均含量为0．019μg/L,而铀平均含量达2．234μg/L,远高于世界河水铀平均含量0．309μg/L。  相似文献   

2.
青藏高原天然水体中铀含量的区域分布特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
对采自青藏高原部分河水及个别地下水样品中溶解态铀的含量进行了初步研究。采样地点主要包括青海的纳赤台地区及长江源头、藏北地区、雅鲁藏布江流域、西藏中西部内流域、西藏西部狮泉河流域和藏南喜马拉雅流域，共采集水体样品41个。用0．45μm的针式过滤器对样品进行了处理，高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了过滤水中铀的含量。结果表明，不同流域河水中铀的含量范围为0．17—6．53μg／L，均值l.20μg／L，并且存在着明显的区域变化。西藏中西部内流域河水中铀的平均含量最低(0．51μg／L)，藏南的外流域地区最高(2．48μg／L)，但数据点较少，其次是藏北地区(1.51μg／L)。并对各流域水体中铀含量存在差异的原因进行了讨论。  相似文献   

3.
为分析工程性低温热解技术对土壤和底泥中总汞及形态汞变化的影响,采集T1区(化工污染类型)稻田土、河道底泥及T2区(矿山冶炼类型)稻田土进行处理,并对处理前后土样总汞及形态汞浓度进行测定。结果表明,低温工程性修复高浓度汞污染土壤和底泥中总汞去除率可达70%以上,T1区稻田土、底泥及T2区稻田土中有机结合态汞分别降低84.2%、71.4%、92.2%,残渣态汞分别降低58.9%、69.4%、95.2%;不同污染形式所形成的汞污染状况不同,相较于T2区,T1区有机结合态高、残渣态低;热解后土壤露天放置相比于密封存储,有机结合态增高4.1%,残渣态降低4.3%,由于受到生态环境的影响,可能存在残渣态向有机结合态转化的趋势。以潜在生态危害指数法对土壤和底泥中总汞及生物有效态汞进行生态风险评价发现,低温热解修复效果表现为稻田土优于底泥。  相似文献   

4.
西江干流河水主要离子及锶同位素地球化学组成特征   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  
水环境中锶（Sr）含量及其同位素组成特征的研究有助于认识区域水文地球化学特征及流域盆地岩石风化速率等地球化学行为,因此河流环境中Sr的地球化学行为是地球化学研究的重要课题之一。对中国南方西江干流及其支流河水主要阴阳离子及sr同位素组成进行了分析,发现其水化学组成主要以Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、HCO3^-和SO4^2-离子为主,分别占阴阳离子组成的80％以上。郁江河水具有较高的Sr同位素比值（^87St／^86Sr=0．71049）和较低的Sr含量（0．0263mg／L）,而西江河水具有较低的Sr同位素比值以及较高的Sr含量,其Sr含量变化范围在0．0667．0．187mg／L之间,平均含量为0．136mg／L;Sr同位素比值变化范围在0．70856．0．70936之间,平均比值为0．70894。与世界主要河流水体中Sr含量平均值（0．078mg／L）及Sr同位素比值（^87Sr／^86Sr=0．7119）相比,西江干流水体具有较高的Sr含量及较低的Sr同位素比值。两条河流河水中主要离子及Sr的来源存在显著差异,西江干流河水中的主要溶解离子及Sr同位素主要源于碳酸盐岩（石灰岩和白云岩）的风化作用,主要受黔江及其上游红水河等化学组成所控制,而郁江则主要受碎屑岩风化作用的影响;同时,中上游地区的酸沉降及人类活动的输入可能导致西江干流水体受到一定程度的污染,而郁江受污染程度则相对较小。  相似文献   

5.
桂林市菜地土壤-蔬菜系统汞污染研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
对桂林市九片菜地土壤和蔬菜进行了系统取样,共取土样186个,菜样118个。菜样取样对象以桂林种植广泛,其生长和供应期均较长的老菜（薹菜）为主,兼采枸杞、大白菜、小白菜、芹菜、包菜、黄瓜、苦瓜和四季豆等。蔬菜与土壤对应取样。采用流动注射．冷原子吸收光谱法,研究土壤的不同粒级和植株的不同部分（根、茎、叶和果）中汞（Hg）的含量,并运用连续浸提方法对土壤中不同形态Hg含量进行分析。结果表明,桂林市菜地土壤、蔬菜中均存在一定的Hg污染,土壤Hg含量平均值为0．099～0．546nag／kg,为我国11种土壤Hg平均含量（0．071mg／kg）的1．39～7．68倍,根据GB15618-1995,多数片区土壤属于二级质量水平。蔬菜Hg含量平均值为0．046～0．132mg／kg,局部片区蔬菜已存在一定的Hg污染。土壤Hg和蔬菜Hg污染呈对称分布,总体上由市区→远离市区,Hg含量由高→低。不同蔬菜对Hg的富集特征不同,多年生蔬菜〉季节性蔬菜,叶菜类〉瓜果类。同一菜种的不同部位对Hg的富集能力也不相同,叶菜类植物Hg含量分布为：叶〉根〉茎;而瓜果类植物Hg含量分布为：根〉茎叶〉果。土壤№形态分析结果显示,残渣态〉腐殖酸络合态〉难氧化降解有机质结合态〉易氧化降解有机质结合态〉碳酸盐铁锰氧化物结合态〉水溶态〉交换态。土壤中直接被植物吸收利用的Hg量并不很高。但根Hg与腐殖酸结合态Hg相关性强,后者约占土壤Hg形态总量的五分之一,在适宜的条件下可释放出Hg为植物所吸收。土壤Hg的来源首先归因于下石炭统岩关组碳质页岩形成的本区土壤Hg的高背景,其次是城市化过程带来的Hg污染。土壤Hg是蔬菜Hg的重要来源,然而,大气Hg污染亦是蔬菜Hg污染的另一种重要来源。大气Hg污染的相对增加显然与燃煤、燃气和燃油Hg燃烧释放有关?  相似文献   

6.
水系沉积物中汞可分为三种形态，即迁移毒性态、亚迁移态和惰性态。建立了用原子荧光光谱法测定迁移态毒性汞中无机汞和有机汞的分析方法，并将该方法应用于武汉市涨渡湖沉积物中汞形态分析。方法检出限为0．004μg/L，精密度（RSD，n=11）为4．2％，回收率为92．2％～105．4％。  相似文献   

7.
采用7步连续浸提法对库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中磷的各种存在形态进行了分析测定，并对沙粒样进行了分级形态研究。结果表明：在库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中总磷（TP）的含量为137．21～362．09μg／g，其主要成分为无机磷（IP），平均占TP的比例为94．60％；而有机磷（Or—P）的含量为7．88～19．12μg／g，平均占TP的5．40％。在所有不同粒度的沙样中，自生钙结合磷（Ca—P）含量最高，占TP的58．95％～80．05％，其次是原生碎屑磷（De—P）。占TP的8．13％～30．22％，二者占IP的绝大部分；其他各形态磷含量的高低顺序为：有机磷（Or—P）〉吸附态磷（Ads—P）〉铁结合态磷（Fe—P）〉闭蓄态磷（Obs—P）〉铝结合态磷（AI—P）。在所取沙漠颗粒物样中TP、Ca—P、De—P、Or—P、AI—P各自的含量都是随颗粒物粒度的减小而增大，而Ads—P含量则相反；Fe—P、Obs—P的含量受颗粒物粒度变化的影响不大。  相似文献   

8.
活性炭对无机汞和苯基汞的吸附行为探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
试验了活性炭对无机汞和苯基汞的吸附和解吸行为。结果表明，在活性炭用量为0．2g，ψ=0．5％的王水介质中搅拌1．5h，无机汞和苯基汞的吸附率均达96％以上，无机汞和苯基汞的吸附容量分别为82．5μg/g和66．0μg/g。吸附后的无机汞和苯基汞分别用含有60mg EDTA的2．8mol/L HNO3溶液和5．6mol/L HNO3-1．0mol/L H2SO4溶液定量洗脱，用冷原子吸收光谱法测定，实现了无机汞和苯基汞的定量分离。对2μg/L的无机汞和苯基汞进行测定，相对标准偏差(n=11)分别为5．4％和6．2％。在实际水样中加标回收和测定，无机汞和苯基汞的回收率分别为97．8％～108％、94．0％～106％。  相似文献   

9.
本研究采集了广东某矿区流域受矿酸性矿山废水(AMD)影响下的地表水、底泥和土壤样品,分析了样品主要的地球化学参数,并对水样进行了Cd稳定同位素的测试。结果表明,从上游到下游,受AMD污染的主要河流水样和底泥样品中重金属元素Cd的含量随着距离增加而降低,与其他重金属元素和大量元素的含量变化趋势一致,p H随着距离的增加而逐渐升高。其中上游拦泥坝水样表现出最高的Cd含量(304.2μg/L)和最低的p H(p H=3.33);底泥中Cd含量普遍较低,介于0.25与39.85μg/g之间,仅在距离拦泥坝下游较近的2个采样点的中达到最高39.85μg/g和38.62μg/g,表明Cd从上游源头向下游迁移的过程中主要以溶解态的形式向下游迁移,且随着距离的增加而逐渐衰减,受污染水体中Cd含量均超过地表水环境质量标准V类水体,远高于底泥中Cd的含量。流域受污染水体Cd的同位素特征值采用?114/110Cdnancy spex表示,其变化范围为:-0.03‰到0.37‰,平均值为(0.19±0.06)‰,与文献(Lambelet et al.2013)报道淡水河流中Cd的同位素分馏值相接近(0.2±0.1)‰。除去其中1个采样点出现最小((-0.03±0.04)‰)镉同位素值,流域受污染河流水体整体富集重的Cd同位素。因此,Cd稳定同位素有可能作为一种新的方法,示踪受地形和水文条件等因素影响的矿山(山地)流域中Cd的污染源及其在环境中的迁移转化过程。  相似文献   

10.
采用新型手持式光度计检测天然水中痕量铀   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用自行研制的高灵敏度手持式光度计对环境水样中的痕量铀进行了分析测定,讨论了波长、pH值、显色剂等主要因素对分析结果的影响,建立了应用手持式光度计进行环境水样中痕量铀测定的新方法。实验结果表明,与普通分光光度计相比,本方法具有仪器简单小巧,功耗低,灵敏度高,精密度好等特点。方法的检出限为0．05μg／L,线性范围为0．05～100μg／L,应用于自来水、湖水、河水、矿泉水和尾矿坝水样中痕量铀的测定,相对标准偏差为RSD=1．04％～2．78％（n=3）,加标回收率为95．7％～100．4％。  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study is to determine the seasonal water quality variations of the major springs of the Yarmouk Basin (YB) of north Jordan. A total of 36 water samples were collected in October 2006 (dry season) and in May 2007 (wet season) and analyzed for temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, aluminum, beryllium, boron, chromium and zinc. The hydrogen ion concentration was found in the alkaline ranges (7.01?C7.87) and (7.01?C8.09) for the pre and post-wet season water samples, respectively. Electrical conductivity varied from 300 to 1199???S/cm and from 424 to 962???S/cm for the dry and wet season water samples, respectively. The results of heavy metals analysis indicated that some water samples exceeded the Jordanian Standards for drinking water. Overall, the results showed that the water springs of the Yarmouk Basin in north Jordan is contaminated with heavy metals that might affect human health as well as the health of the ecosystem.  相似文献   

12.
Mercury as a toxic element poses environmental concerns, especially in historically Hg-mined districts. The Wanshan Hg mine located in the eastern part of Guizhou Province, southwestern China, ranks the largest Hg-producing district in China. Mining at Wanshan was initiated in 221 B.C., but ceased in 2001. Approximately 22000 tons of Hg, 6000 tons of cinnabar and large quantities of mine-wastes had been produced at Wanshan. Significant quantities of calcines, which were piled irregularly near the old mine processing sites and retorts, continue to impact the local environments in the Wanshan area. In this study, a regional contamination of mercury in surface waters collected from the Meizixi, Dashuixi, Huandao and Gaolouping rivers, whose upstreams or branches originate from the hilly karstic area and receive drainage arising from the calcines, was investigated by determining all Hg species in a base-flow and a flood-flow season. Reactive, dissolved, particulate, and total Hg concentrations in surface water varied from 0.60 to 400 ng/L, 11 to 430 ng/L, 1.4 to 9210 ng/L, and 15 to 9260 ng/L, respectively. Total methylmercury in water samples ranges from 0.31 to 25 ng/L. The concentrations of total Hg and particulate Hg in water samples collected during the flood season are higher than those in the base-flow season, whereas, the concentrations of dissolved and reactive Hg are lower with the peak values observed in water samples collected in the base-flow season. A strong positive correlation between total Hg and particulate Hg is noticed in the water samples collected from Hg-mined areas with the proportion higher than 80%.  相似文献   

13.
The contamination of aquifers by fluoride and arsenic is a major cause of concern in several parts of India. A study has thus been conducted to evaluate the extent and severity of fluoride contamination and also its seasonal variability. Two blocks (Purulia-1 and Purulia-2) were considered for this purpose. Twenty groundwater samples (in each season) were collected from tube wells during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. In addition to fluoride, groundwater samples were also analyzed for major cations, anions, and other trace elements. The concentration of fluoride shows significant seasonal variation and ranges between 0.94–2.52 and 0.25–1.43 mg/l during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. In pre-monsoon season, more than 40% of the water samples show fluoride concentrations higher than the WHO limit. However, during the post-monsoon season, none of the groundwater sample shows fluoride concentrations higher than the WHO limit. Lesser concentration during the post-monsoon season is attributed to the dilution effect by the percolating rainwater, which has also been reflected in the form of a decrease in concentrations of other elements. The petrographic studies of the rock samples collected from the study area show that the rocks are mainly composed of plagioclase, orthoclase, and quartz with abundant biotite. The weathering and dissolution of biotite plays an important role in controlling the fluoride concentrations in the groundwater of the study area.  相似文献   

14.
Forty-one water samples in each season(both pre-and post-monsoon) were collected from different for-mations of the Kadiri schist belt located in the Anantapur district,Andhra Pradesh.The specific electrical conductiv-ity(EC) of these water samples was measured at 25℃ by using specific conductivity bridge.The specific conductiv-ity values of the water samples were also calculated by multiplying ionic concentrations with conductivity factor.It is found that the observed EC values of all water samples collected in both the seasons are different from the esti-mated EC values because of the electro-chemical properties of ions in water.  相似文献   

15.
The distribution of arsenic （As） in shallow groundwater of eastern Chancheng District in Foshan City as a function of season and water table was investigated, and the influence of hydrochemical factors on the As distribution was discussed. The groundwater samples were collected from 20 sites in dry season and 9 sites in wet season. As concentrations in 20% groundwater samples exceeded value of the WHO guideline （10 μg/L）, and the highest As concentration of 23.5 μg/L occurred in dry season. It is observed that groundwater As concentration decreased with the increase of depth of water table in dry season, and were generally higher in wet season than that in dry season, indicating that ground surface As might be one of the main sources for shallow groundwater As in study area, especially in wet season. Groundwater As concentration in study area had significantly positive correlation with the concentration of Fe, Mn, NH4, F, and COD, and was positively correlated to pH, but negatively correlated to Eh and K, indicating that reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn （oxy）hydroxides might be one of the main control mechanisms for groundwater As mobilization, while pH and F also played an important role in controlling the groundwater As mobilization in study area.  相似文献   

16.
Fourteen mineralogical and petrographic variables for 82 samples of Sirban Limestone of Riasi, Jammu, and Kashmir State, and 18 mineralogical and petrographic variables for 36 samples of Bilaspur Limestone, Himachal Pradesh, India, were numerically classified based on presence-absence data using association analysis. The samples were collected along vertical profiles. The variables for the Sirban Limestone of Riasi were classified into three groups: (a) dolomite (b) micrites, and (c) terrigenous material represented by clay minerals. These three groups correspond to (a) near-shore sabkha dolomites, (b) deep water micrites, and (c) terrigenous contribution of clay minerals (except corrensite) to the carbonate depositional basin. Bilaspur Limestone samples were classified also into the same three groups. The results of the present study corroborate the earlier conclusions of the writer that the Sub-Himalayan carbonates of Northwest India generally represent rocks of shallow carbonate depositional basins, showing transition from near shore sabkha dolomites to basinal limestones and shales.  相似文献   

17.
The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of anthropogenic influences on Cuddalore coast, Southeast coast of India, with regard to physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentration in the surface water and sediment samples of the study area. The samples were collected in different seasons of the year (January–December 2010) and analysed for physicochemical parameters (Temperature, pH, salinity, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate) and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) using standard methods. Results showed that physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals concentration in the samples of the study area were varied seasonally and spatially. The concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment samples of the study area were higher in the monsoon season compared with those of other seasons. The heavy metal concentration in collected samples was found to be above WHO standards. The order of heavy metals in water and sediment samples was Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn. The heavy metal data were analysed through widely using multivariate statistical methods including principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). CA classified the sampling sites into three clusters based on contamination sources and season. The PCA revealed that the season has a huge impact on the levels, types and distribution of metals found in water and sediment samples. The study also shows the main basis of heavy metals pollution at Cuddalore coast is land based anthropogenic inputs as a result of discharging of waste from industries, municipal, agricultural activities and sewage into estuarine regions, which carries the wastes into coastal area during tidal action. Statistical analyses and experimental data revealed that the Cuddalore coast may cause health risk to the recreational users and fisher folk, ultimately warrants environmental quality management to control heavy metal contamination.  相似文献   

18.
Surface sediment samples from near-shore shallow water as well as deeper water locations N and NE of the island of Methana were investigated geochemically. Shallow water samples from Thiafi Bay reveal up to 38-fold enrichment of As, associated with elevated contents of Sb, Fe and Zn. Deeper water samples NE of Methana show moderate Mn enrichment accompanied with elevated trace metal concentrations of As and, in some samples, Cd and Cu. In an area, where small mounds of possible hydrothermal origin were observed on the sea floor, fine-grained Fe-rich sediment was sampled with enrichment of typical hydrothermal trace elements As, P and Sb. Element enrichment in the investigated areas off Methana corresponds in terms of absolute concentrations and element suite to comparable hydrothermally influenced sediments from other locations of the Hellenic volcanic arc. The region between Methana peninsula and Aegina Island is not marked by vigorous hydrothermal activity, but localised enrichments of Fe and/or Mn, As, Sb as well as associated trace elements typically found in hydrothermally influenced sediments were identified.  相似文献   

19.
The spatial and temporal distribution of near-shore fresh submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) was characterised from the coastal aquifers of the Willunga Basin, South Australia, an extensive aquifer system that supports an important viticultural region. Measurements of electrical conductivity (EC) and 222Rn (radon) activity were collected at 19 sites along the coastline during the Southern Hemisphere spring (2011) and summer (2013). At each site, samples were collected from the surf zone as well asporewater from beach sediment in the intertidal zone. Surf-zone radon activity ranged from <5 to 70mBq L–1, and intertidal porewater radon ranged over two orders of magnitude (220–36 940 mBq L–1) along the Willunga Basin coastline during both surveys. Overall, surf-zone and porewater EC was lower in the spring 2011 survey than in the summer 2013 survey. Porewater EC was similar to that of coastal water at most sites along the coastline, except at three sites where porewater EC was found to be lower than coastal water during both surveys, and three sites where evaporated seawater was observed in the summer survey. Based on the patterns in radon and EC along the coastline, two sites of localised fresh SGD were identified, in addition to a groundwater spring that is known to discharge to the coast. The results indicate that near-shore fresh SGD occurs as localised seeps rather than diffuse seepage along the entire coastline. The apparent absence of groundwater discharge at most locations is also consistent with current evidence suggesting that extensive groundwater pumping within the basin has resulted in seawater intrusion across much of the coastline. These observations also suggest that previous studies are likely to have over-estimated SGD rates from the Willunga Basin because they assumed that SGD occurred along the entire coastline.  相似文献   

20.
The shallow shelf area to a water depth of 40 m off Ras Burka, Gulf of Elat, comprises several depositional zones. In order of increasing water depth these include: sand dune (on shore); swash; dead reef platform; sand channel; live coral reef; Cymodoceaslope; reef knolls; and Halophilalawn. The abundance of 64 biogenic constituents, comprising 48 genera of Foraminifera and a variety of other taxa, was recorded in 16 samples representing the sediments presently forming in the various environments. Nodal ordination and association analysis were applied to classify the samples and to examine whether the present day zonation of sedimentary environments can be objectively recognized on the basis of the assemblages of biogenic constituents. The analyses classified the samples consistently into three classes, identified as the shallow near-shore, the upper slope, and the lower slope zones. Association analysis, utilizing only discrete binary presence or absence scores, yielded better results than nodal ordination analysis utilizing continuous metric modal data. In the study area, biogenic grains other than Foraminifera do not contribute to the environmental discrimination. The results suggest that crude presence scores, as contrasted with refined metric data, are informative enough for differentiating sedimentary environments.  相似文献   

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