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中—低温水热条件下黄铁矿与Cu(Ⅰ)—Cl相互作用机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在诸如沉积型层状铜矿、浅成低温热液型矿床、与火山岩有关的块状硫化物矿床等中常出现黄铁矿、铜(铁)硫化物、铁氧化物等矿物的共生现象,研究这些矿物组合的形成机制对于认识这一系列矿床中矿石矿物的成因具有重要意义。本文以矿物—流体相互作用伴随物质溶解—再沉淀为理论基础,在水热条件下,以黄铁矿为初始矿物,Cu(Ⅰ)—Cl为溶液中Cu的形态,通过设置不同的p H、反应温度、Cu(Ⅰ)—Cl浓度研究了这些矿物组合的形成规律。实验结果表明:1黄铜矿、斑铜矿等铜铁硫化物主要出现在弱酸性环境中,蓝辉铜矿等铜硫化物可出现在弱碱性环境中;2温度较低时(约100℃)黄铁矿主要转变为赤铁矿等铁氧化物。不同实验条件下形成的矿物组合与已知矿床中发现的矿物组合具有高度的相似性,因此可以用特定矿物组合的实验条件模拟和反演矿床形成的物理化学环境。 相似文献
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利用反光显微镜对"松科1井"南孔嫩江组一段泥岩样品中黄铁矿形态观察发现,嫩一段泥岩中存在两种基本的黄铁矿形态,即莓球和自形晶,以及由这两种形态衍生而来的集合体形态.通过对莓球黄铁矿大小的统计,建立起莓球黄铁矿大小分布的垂向变化曲线,依据莓球黄铁矿大小分布对底层水体氧化还原条件的指示原理,可以推断出嫩一段沉积期底层水体氧化还原条件曾发生过的变化过程,从而达到研究松辽盆地晚白垩世环境和气候的目的. 相似文献
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在哈马希(Hamash) 金矿区,黄铁矿、黄铜矿和金产于花岗质岩石的石英脉中,或呈星散浸染状产于强烈蚀变的变质火山岩剪切带中,与磁黄铁矿、蓝辉铜矿、黝铜矿、辉铜矿、斑铜矿、铜蓝共生。黄铁矿以自形一半自形粗粒晶体和细晶质集合体形式产出。黄铜矿以自形粗粒晶体、细晶质显微包裹体和他形残留体形式产出。硫化物矿化作用分三期,并与结晶熔融体的温度逐渐冷却有关。金形成于高温无序相所形成的较早期硫化物矿物中。自然金是在成矿最晚期,随着温度下降,通过含金黄铁矿的再活化作用而形成。金和铜相对富集于后期的黄铁矿中。地表蚀变产物有针铁矿、褐铁矿、金、碳酸盐和铁、铜的硫酸盐类。 相似文献
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黄铁矿是安徽铜陵包村金(铜)矿床中主要硫化物,对热液成因的显晶质黄铁矿已有大量研究,而胶状黄铁矿研究较少且成因存在争议.本文以粉晶X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及拉曼光谱(RS)为主要研究方法和手段,对包村金(铜)矿床中胶状黄铁矿的矿物组成和微结构进行研究.包村胶状黄铁矿主要由黄铁矿组成,含有白铁矿、菱铁矿、石英、含铁白云石、高岭石和有机质.黄铁矿主要以纳米-亚微米粒径的自形、半自形的立方体为主,少量微米级他形颗粒,显著不同于胶体或非晶态的无定型黄铁矿.由黄铁矿、白铁矿和有机质组成的胶状结构中,白铁矿和有机质富集在暗色环带,黄铁矿相对富集在浅色环带,浅色和暗色交替变化主要由三者含量变化所致,与矿物粒径无关.结合铜陵地区胶状黄铁矿研究成果,我们认为铜陵地区乃至长江中下游成矿带内铜-金-铁多金属硫化物矿床相关研究文献中记载的胶状黄铁矿为铁硫化物、碳酸盐矿物、黏土矿物、石英和有机质组成的矿物集合体,是在陆源物质输入受限的半封闭海盆环境下经生物化学作用直接沉淀的纳米-亚微米黄铁矿为主的矿物集合体.虽然胶状黄铁矿经历沉积成岩作用和中生代岩浆热液叠加改造作用,但是沉积微结构、矿物成因信息仍然被有效保存. 相似文献
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铁是海洋沉积物中重要的氧化还原敏感性元素之一,是早期成岩过程中地球化学循环变化的重要动力因素。早期成岩过程中,表层沉积物中铁氧化物的赋存形态主要可分无定形(弱晶型)铁氧化物和晶型铁氧化物,且前者的含量主要决定着沉积物中铁氧化物的还原活性;铁氧化物可以通过与硫酸盐还原产生的硫化物反应进行还原,还能在铁还原菌的参与下被表层沉积物中的有机质还原,沉积物中活性铁含量、有机质含量、沉积速率、植物根系导氧作用及底栖生物的扰动均能对铁还原率造成影响。早期成岩过程中可以形成黄铁矿,形成机理主要有:1)沉积物中先前形成的硫复铁矿(Fe_3S_4)等前体物质通过加硫反应形成;2)硫过饱和的球粒胶体通过脱水、成核、结晶以及聚合作用而成单个草莓状黄铁矿或初始自行黄铁矿微晶成核、生长、聚集、固化的小型黄铁矿微球团并入更大的胶体状黄铁矿结核、草莓状黄铁矿分组,从而形成黄铁矿集合体;黄铁矿化度(DOP)可作为区分古海洋氧化还原环境的指标。对铁同位素的研究表明,异化还原作用(DIR)过程中产生的铁同位素值偏低;页岩中黄铁矿的铁同位素在2.3Ga附近发生的突变反映了第一次大气氧气增高事件。磁学参数对铁相变化具有良好的反应,环境磁学在早期成岩过程研究中的应用,有助于快速划分铁还原带、研究环境中重金属循环行为。 相似文献
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莓状黄铁矿这一奇妙的微晶(0.1~1 μm)矿物集合体(5~50 μm)自科学家首次发现(1923年)和冠名(1935年)至今一直是不同学科竞相研究的热点.主要从莓状黄铁矿的形成机制、莓状黄铁矿与环境的关系等方面回顾了莓状黄铁矿的生物成因说(1923-1969年)、非生物成因说(1969-2000年)和多元成因说(2000-现今)各研究阶段取得的进展和存在的问题,指出莓状黄铁矿作为表层生物圈、深部生物圈和地外环境与生命示踪计具有巨大潜力,提出从地球科学、生命科学、材料科学、化学和纳米科技以及凝聚态物理学融合的角度加强对莓状黄铁矿研究的建议. 相似文献
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三水盆地古近系土布心组黑色页岩中黄铁矿的形成及其控制因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄铁矿是富有机质沉积的特征矿物。根据TOC/S、TOC/DOP、S/Fe关系以及S TOC Fe多重线性回归分析结果对三水盆地古近系〖HT5”,6”〗土〖KG-*3〗布〖HT5”SS〗心组红岗段黑色页岩中沉积黄铁矿的形成及其控制因素进行了分析。土布心组红岗段黑色页岩的黄铁矿有成岩黄铁矿和同生黄铁矿两种成因组分。红岗段下部（亚段A）有机碳含量普遍较低，底部水体以弱氧化条件为主，硫酸盐还原作用发生于沉积物/水界面以下，黄铁矿为成岩成因，其形成主要受有机质的限制。红岗段中上部（亚段B和C）的沉积条件变化频繁，其有机碳含量变化幅度大。富有机质（TOC>4%）岩层形成于缺氧的底部水体条件下。水体中可含H2S，碎屑铁矿物在埋藏之前即与之在水体中反应形成同生黄铁矿。这一过程不受有机质的限制，而是受活性铁与H2S接触时间的限制。同时，由于大量淡水输入导致硫酸盐浓度的降低，从而对硫化物形成有一定的限制作用。对于低有机质（TOC<4%）样品，黄铁矿由同生和成岩组分组成。其中以成岩黄铁矿为主，其形成过程主要受有机质限制，而同生黄铁矿受铁矿物与H2S接触时间的限制。 相似文献
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借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）揭示了淮南四个井田8煤层中黄铁矿的显微和亚微结构特征。煤层中黄铁矿的形态主要有莓球状、团块状、结核状及解理裂隙充填状。通过此次研究发现在属低硫煤的淮南煤田中,顾桥井田的黄铁矿含量偏高。结合酸碱指数（AAI）、盐度指数（SI）和滞留指数（RI）三个灰成分指相参数判定,顾桥井田中黄铁矿含量相对较高,原因是其沼泽水体的还原性较强、盐度大及水动力条件差。莓球状和结核状黄铁矿形成的原因是粘土矿物的晶格上铁与H：S反应发育而成,而充填胞腔或者沉积裂隙的黄铁矿,大多是因局部强还原微环境所致。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2016,(4)
鲕状黄铁矿是都龙锡锌多金属矿床中的特殊硫化物矿物之一。本文通过扫描电镜观测其矿物微形貌结构特征,并利用电子探针分析其化学成分,为认识该类矿物成因及其与成矿作用的关系提供依据。扫描电镜观测显示,该矿床中黄铁矿鲕粒主要由黄铁矿微晶组成,在鲕粒纹层孔隙中发现了丝状体、杆状体、球状体等微生物成因显微组构。这些微生物化石与热液喷流沉积成因硫化物矿床、热泉、海底热液喷口中的微生物化石具有诸多相似特征,表明该矿床形成过程中可能存在热水沉积成矿作用,微生物在黄铁矿鲕粒形成过程中可能起到转换硫源、吸附金属元素、粘结黄铁矿微晶等作用。电子探针观测显示,黄铁矿鲕粒中的Zn含量较高,暗示鲕状黄铁矿可能作为后期成矿作用Fe、Zn、S等成矿元素的物源之一。从鲕粒边部到中心Zn含量逐渐递减的趋势,并由交代作用在鲕粒边部形成富Zn边。 相似文献
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Various Fe–S minerals of the mackinawite–greigite–pyrite association, ubiquitous in biogenic remains from Jurassic mudstones, have been described in detail in an SEM–EDS study. Two diagenetic stages of Fe sulphide formation and preservation in the Jurassic organic skeletons are identified. In the first stage, pyrite formed as euhedra and framboids shortly after deposition, mainly in the interiors of the skeletons which still contained labile organic matter. The second stage of iron sulphide formation was related to the later stages of diagenesis, when the influence of the surrounding sediment was more dominant, although some organic matter was still present in the biogenic skeletons. A Fe-rich carbonate–aluminosilicate cement was then introduced between the earliest iron sulphides and later subsequently sulphidized, to form a metastable iron monosulphide of mackinawite composition and then greigite. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):766-772
Ferrihydrite (2.5 Fe2O2-4.5 H2O) is an unstable colloidal mineral. It dissolves in highly alkaline solutions and is precipitated from them in the form of goethite. Jarosite is stable at very low pH but is decomposed at higher values of pH with separation of iron oxides. Experiments show that in rapid decomposition of jarosite a protohematite substance, ferrihydrite, is formed. This transformation occurs at moderate pH values when solutions percolate through the aggregates of jarosite. Ferrihydrite, an unstable colloidal hydrated oxide of ferric iron, changes spontaneously to stable hematite with time. Very slow decomposition of jarosite results in its replacement by iron hydroxide, goethite. Under laboratory conditions in alkaline solutions lepidocrocite may be obtained from jarosite. The synthesis of this iron hydroxide passes through a stage of intermediate products: ferrihydrite and hydrated ferric oxide - ferriprotolepidocrocite, formed by solution of ferrihydrite in strongly alkaline solutions. The transformation of ferriprotolepidocrocite into lepidocrocite may be regarded as a topotactic reaction. —Authors. 相似文献
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铁作为地壳中丰度最高的元素之一,广泛参与到一系列地球化学循环中。现代海洋中的铁主要来源于河流、冰川和风的铁氧化物颗粒和溶解铁的输入。陆源输入的铁氧化物在有机质埋藏、降解的早期成岩作用过程中,发生一系列转化过程而埋藏下来,该过程被称作活性铁循环。氧化 强氧化条件利于沉积物中氧化铁的持续产生或者至少保持不被溶解的状态,从而形成棕色-红色沉积物;还原条件利于沉积物中铁氧化物的溶解,形成菱铁矿、黄铁矿(铁硫化物) 等形式的埋藏,并可能造成溶解铁在海洋内的迁移。Raiswell、Canfield、Poulton等通过对现代典型海洋环境活性铁循环研究,提出了一系列用于判别古海洋氧化 还原条件的活性铁指标体系,并成功地将太古宙以来的古海洋划分成为含铁的大洋、硫化的大洋和氧化的大洋等3个演化阶段。由于活性铁的不同形态对磷具有不同的生物地球化学效应,将造成“氧化条件下磷的优先埋藏、缺氧条件下优先释放的现象”。磷是海洋生产力的限制性元素,铁和磷循环的上述耦合关系将造成“缺氧的大洋生产力越高,富氧的大洋生产力越低”现象的出现。目前已在白垩纪古海洋缺氧 富氧沉积中初步证实了上述反馈关系的存在,但是对活性铁埋藏形式对该特殊沉积的贡献还需要进一步的工作。 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2004,203(1-2):153-168
The importance of the magnetic iron sulfide minerals, greigite (Fe3S4) and pyrrhotite (Fe7S8), is often underappreciated in geochemical studies because they are metastable with respect to pyrite (FeS2). Based on magnetic properties and X-ray diffraction analysis, previous studies have reported widespread occurrences of these magnetic minerals along with magnetite (Fe3O4) in two thick Plio-Pleistocene marine sedimentary sequences from southwestern Taiwan. Different stratigraphic zones were classified according to the dominant magnetic mineral assemblages (greigite-, pyrrhotite-, and magnetite-dominated zones). Greigite and pyrrhotite are intimately associated with fine-grained sediments, whereas magnetite is more abundant in coarse-grained sediments. We measured total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS), total iron (FeT), 1N HCl extractable iron (FeA), and bulk sediment grain size for different stratigraphic zones in order to understand the factors governing the formation and preservation of the two magnetic iron sulfide minerals. The studied sediments have low TS/FeA weight ratios (0.03–0.2), far below that of pyrite (1.15), which indicates that an excess of reactive iron was available for pyritization. Observed low TS (0.05–0.27%) is attributed to the low organic carbon contents (TOC=0.25–0.55%), which resulted from dilution by rapid terrigenous sedimentation. The fine-grained sediments also have the highest FeT and FeA values. We suggest that under conditions of low organic carbon provision, the high iron activity in the fine-grained sediments may have removed reduced sulfur so effectively that pyritization was arrested or retarded, which, in turn, favored preservation of the intermediate magnetic iron sulfides. The relative abundances of reactive iron and labile organic carbon appear to have controlled the transformation pathway of amorphous FeS into greigite or into pyrrhotite. Compared to pyrrhotite-dominated sediments, greigite-dominated sediments are finer-grained and have higher FeA but lower TS. We suggest that diagenetic environments with higher supply of reactive iron, lower supply of labile organic matter, and, consequently, lower sulfide concentration result in relatively high Eh conditions, which favor formation of greigite relative to pyrrhotite. 相似文献
15.
Robert L Folk 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(3):369-374
Study of sedimentary pyrite in the form of framboids, euhedral crystals or metasomatic masses has revealed that their surfaces
are commonly covered with spheroids of about 50 nm. This applies to all the examples studied, from modern to Proterozoic.
These spheroids are interpreted as the pyritized corpses of nannobacterial cells; if correct, this indicates that precipitation
of iron sulfide was performed by these dwarf forms of bacteria, often associated with decaying organic matter. 相似文献
16.
P.S. Minyuk E.E. Tyukova T.V. Subbotnikova A.Yu. Kazansky A.P. Fedotov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2013,54(4):464-474
Dependences of magnetic susceptibility (MS) on the temperature of natural iron sulfide samples (pyrite, marcasite, greigite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite) from the deposits of northeastern Russia were studied. The thermal MS curves for pyrite and marcasite are the same: On heating, MS increases at 420–450 °C, and unstable magnetite (maghemite) and monoclinic pyrrhotite with a well-defined Hopkinson peak are produced. In oxygen-free media with carbon or nitrogen, magnetite formation is weak, whereas pyrrhotite generation is more significant. The heating curves for chalcopyrite are similar to those for pyrite. They show an increase in MS at the same temperatures (420–450 °C). However, stable magnetite is produced, whereas monoclinic pyrrhotite is absent. In contrast to that in pyrite, marcasite, and chalcopyrite, magnetite formation in arsenopyrite begins at > 500 °C. Arsenopyrite cooling is accompanied by the formation of magnetite (S-rich arsenopyrite) or maghemite (As-rich arsenopyrite) with a dramatic increase in MS. Arsenopyrite with an increased S content is characterized by insignificant pyrrhotite formation. Greigite is marked by a decrease in MS on the heating curves at 360–420 °C with the formation of unstable cation-deficient magnetite.Monoclinic pyrrhotite is characterized by a decrease in MS at ～ 320 °C, and hexagonal pyrrhotite, by a transition to a ferrimagnetic state at 210–260 °C. The addition of organic matter to monoclinic pyrrhotite stimulates the formation of hexagonal pyrrhotite, which transforms back into monoclinic pyrrhotite on repeated heating. The oxidation products of sulfides (greigite, chalcopyrite) show an increase in MS at 240–250 °C owing to lepidocrocite. 相似文献
17.
The reaction between dissolved sulfide and synthetic iron (oxyhydr)oxide minerals was studied in artificial seawater and 0.1 M NaCl at pH 7.5 and 25°C. Electron transfer between surface-complexed sulfide and solid-phase Fe(III) results in the oxidation of dissolved sulfide to elemental sulfur, and the subsequent dissolution of the surface-reduced Fe. Sulfide oxidation and Fe(II) dissolution kinetics were evaluated for freshly precipitated hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), lepidocrocite, goethite, magnetite, hematite, and Al-substituted lepidocrocite. Reaction kinetics were expressed in terms of an empirical rate equation of the form:
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Mineralogical and geochemical alteration of low-grade metamorphic black slates due to oxidative weathering 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cornelius Fischer Christian Schmidt Reinhard Gaupp 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2009,69(2):127-183
Low-grade metamorphic black slates of Silurian and Lower Devonian ages (from the Thüringisches Schiefergebirge in Germany) were investigated to identify mineralogical and geochemical alterations that occur during the oxidative weathering black slates.The slates exhibit an intense total organic carbon decrease (>90 wt%) due to oxidative weathering. The organic matter in black slate consists mainly of non-pyrolysable material with only minor portions of pyrolysable material. In contrast to the non-pyrolysable organic matter, the concentration of pyrolysable organic matter is not decreased during weathering. Heating experiments have yielded information about a potential protection of pyrolysable organic matter against weathering, which is probably caused by a structural configuration or the intergrowth of organic matter and illite.The slates consist mainly of illite. Iron oxide (goethite) and phosphate encrustations were formed on slate surfaces as a result of oxidative and acid weathering of both iron sulfide and monazite. Kaolinite often occurs as an older encrustation beneath the iron oxide encrustations. Encrustations of iron oxide and phosphate are major sinks for trace elements, released during oxidative weathering. 相似文献
20.
豫西南淅川上泥盆统王冠组地层中发育大量与层面平行且具有蹼纹的U形遗迹化石Rhizocorallium。利用环境扫描电镜对Rhizocorallium进行微观观察,发现在其边缘管和蹼纹内部发育大量不同形态的莓状黄铁矿及莓状铁氧化物（单晶为五角十二面体,八面体,立方体和近球形）,与之对应的围岩中仅见少量黄铁矿单晶颗粒。表面具有覆盖膜的莓状黄铁矿大多存在于潜穴内部,其中边缘管中莓状黄铁矿的单晶直径（0.672~1.603 μm,平均直径1.063 μm）较之蹼纹中部的（0.376~0.877 μm,平均直径0.5 μm）的大。上述特征显示出潜穴中莓状黄铁矿的存在可能与硫酸盐类还原菌有关。Rhizocorallium边缘管和蹼纹中高丰度莓状黄铁矿的发现表明:遗迹化石Rhizocorallium可能是造迹者精心构筑的觅食-花园。由于食物供应和氧化还原条件的不同,Rhizocorallium造迹者在其潜穴内部培植不同的微生物,形成一个互利共生的群落。 相似文献