首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
土壤微生物是陆地生态系统中分解者亚系统的主要组成部分, 参与了包括有机质降解、营养转化、 植物生长的促进或抑制以及各种土壤物理过程在内的一系列反应活动. 土壤微生物则是土壤质量重要的生物指标, 可以用来监控土壤质量的变化. 等温微量热法是一种简便、快速地测量微生物活性的方法, 在土壤微生物代谢热效应的研究领域中广泛应用. 就等温微量热法在土壤微生物活性中的研究进展进行综述: 等温微量热法的简介, 微量热方法与传统方法的比较, 等温微量热法在各种外界环境和土壤条件影响下的土壤微生物活性研究中的应用, 并对等温微量热法在土壤微生物和其它方面的研究进行了展望.  相似文献   

2.
退化喀斯特植被的恢复机理一直是近年来土壤学和生态学研究的热点。通过分析退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中土壤微生物数量、土壤生化作用强度、土壤微生物生物量,研究了贵州花江喀斯特高原生态综合治理示范区内土壤微生物活性的变化。结果表明:退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中土壤的微生物活性存在较大差异。随着退化喀斯特植被的恢复,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌三大微生物数量及微生物总数明显上升,表现为乔木群落阶段〉灌木群落阶段〉草本群落阶段〉裸地阶段,且细菌较真菌和放线菌相比占绝对优势,其在微生物总数中分别占95.95%,93.49%,92.32%和92.48%;各主要生理类群的数量呈上升趋势,且氨化细菌〉固氮菌〉纤维素分解菌〉硝化细菌,土壤生化作用强度增强;土壤微生物生物量碳明显增加,微生物生物量碳与土壤有机碳(P〈0.01)呈显著正相关关系。土壤微生物是表征退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中土壤质量的重要特征之一,反映出随着退化喀斯特植被的恢复土壤质量也在逐渐恢复。   相似文献   

3.
为了研究水合物轻烃微渗漏对近地表微生物群落的影响作用,采用二代测序技术,对木里冻土区见水合物钻孔DK1、DK9和无水合物孔DK6附近土壤中的微生物群落进行了研究。相对于无水合物钻孔DK6,水合物钻孔的微生物群落结构发生了改变,尤其是烃氧化微生物在水合物钻孔具有明显的数量优势;水合物钻孔DK1以烷烃氧化菌为优势烃氧化菌群,水合物钻孔DK9以甲烷氧化菌为优势烃氧化菌群,这与DK1和DK9的水合物气体组分差异表现一致,无水合物钻孔DK9则无明显优势烃氧化菌群。以丁醇为唯一碳源的选择培养也得到了一批常见的烃氧化菌,这些可培养烃氧化菌可用于水合物相关烃类微渗漏的指示。上述以烃氧化菌群为代表的微生物群落及可培养烃氧化菌对木里天然气水合物响应特征的研究说明了基于轻烃微渗漏模型的微生物勘探技术应用于木里天然气水合物勘探具有可行性。  相似文献   

4.
为研究岩溶区土壤微生物的特性,揭示其在岩溶土壤碳循环的作用,选取桂林毛村岩溶试验场为研究点,采集岩溶区、混合区与非岩溶区中的稻田、玉米和柑橘园表层土壤,采用高通量测序方法,对比细菌群落丰度、组成及多样性特征的异同。结果显示,在得到的48 159条序列中,共有2 602个OTUs。土壤细菌优势门(相对丰度>10%)为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria);优势纲(相对丰度>10%)为酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)和β-变形菌纲(β-proteobateria)。岩溶区土壤细菌门水平上的变形菌门和Latescibacteria的细菌和目水平上的酸杆菌亚群GP6的丰度均高于混合区和非岩溶区,而科水平上酸杆菌亚群GP1和目水平上的酸杆菌亚群GP2的相对丰度低于混合区和非岩溶区。冗余分析结果表明,土壤有机碳、pH和总氮等是引起细菌群落结构变化的关键因子。   相似文献   

5.
当地下水邂逅DNA:石油类有机污染及其生物降解   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
地下水科学与工程研究发展到今日,已经成为一门涉及多个领域的综合性学科。地下水污染的控制和修复研究更需要跨学科的技术和知识支持,而生物修复作为一种高效低耗修复的技术成为环境领域的研究热点。微生物因其自身特性及其对污染的降解主导特征对确定有机物污染场地的永续修复具有重要意义。简要地综述了地下水有机污染及其原位修复、有机污染物和地下环境微生物的交互作用,进一步聚焦生物降解机制、生物修复和细菌研究。在此基础上以某石油污染场地地下水为例,进行了地下水中分离微生物菌株及其降解特征的实验研究。结果表明:放线菌降解效果最好,细菌和真菌次之;两两组合降解效果好于单菌,表明存在协同作用;不同菌株混合降解率较低,表明具有拮抗作用。通过动力学实验得出对TPH的降解符合一级反应动力学方程及其降解速度和降解半衰期。就微生物对有机组分降解而言,烷烃和总石油烃降解规律相似;难降解组分降解率低,后期因烷烃转化使其浓度升高;苯浓度变化不大。微生物活性实验表明:活菌总数和脱氢酶活性与降解率呈正相关变化。运用生理生化及分子生物学方法鉴定得出了具体的菌种。  相似文献   

6.
四氯乙烯(PCE)是一种广泛用于干洗和脱脂的有机溶剂,是地下水中常见的污染物.在本实验中,将某肉联厂厌氧污泥接种到土壤中,进行微生物培养.当系统中的微生物活性较高时,以醋酸为共代谢基质,进行驯化实验,当系统中的微生物适应浓度为120μg/L的PCE之后,对PCE在厌氧条件下的降解情况进行研究.研究结果表明,将厌氧污泥接种到土壤中培养的微生物,在以醋酸为共代谢基质的条件下,可以使PCE很快转化为三氯乙烯(TCE),并可以进一步转化为二氯乙烯(DCEs).PCE在天然地下水中的半衰期为108d,本实验PCE降解的半衰期为2.95d,反应速率常数为0.2342d^-1.  相似文献   

7.
岩溶石山地区土壤退化与恢复的成因和机理一直是近年来土壤学和生态学研究的热点。以贵州西南部贞丰—关岭岩溶石山区为对象,选择了区内退化地、农用地、恢复地等生态样块以及与未退化地为对照,采集了其中的表层和亚表层土壤,分别进行了土壤的养分库量、微生物活性与功能和土壤酶活性等化学分析。研究表明土壤养分库是土壤中微生物活性基础,微生物量碳随土壤养分库容的退化或恢复而相应变化,退化岩溶地植被恢复3~6年后,主要养分总库容得到明显恢复(恢复程度55%~65%),因而带动了微生物量碳的恢复(平均恢复程度60%以上),但养分的活性(有效磷)、微生物的功能(呼吸熵及土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性)并没有得到相应程度的恢复(平均恢复程度仅在25%~40%)。这些结果提示,限制性养分活性和微生物功能的恢复是植被恢复下生态系统健康水平的重要指示。因此,在分析岩溶土壤和生态系统退化过程的本质以及评价生态恢复的效应时,不仅应将微生物量碳和总养分库指标作为岩溶土壤退化恢复的指标,更应将微生物区系的质量和功能指标纳入关键评价内容。   相似文献   

8.
为了更好的发挥微生物在放射性污染环境中的环境净化作用,本研究选择川西北某铀矿区为研究对象,利用生物学方法研究其中两个代表性铀废矿石堆中的微生物多样性及其在放射性污染环境中的分布规律。结果表明:在该铀矿区中主要赋存着细菌、放线菌及霉菌三种菌,其中以细菌占绝对优势;对优势微生物——细菌分离鉴定获得3种优势菌株,鉴定结果为玫瑰色库克菌(Kocuria rosea strain)、短杆菌(Brevibacteriumsanguinis)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subilis/atropheaus),研究认为玫瑰色库克菌(Kocuria rosea strain)在当地的放射性核素耐受性最好。  相似文献   

9.
文茜  赵亮  石玉兰  杨思忠 《冰川冻土》2014,36(5):1306-1312
生物降解与土著微生物群落结构、功能及其变化密切相关. 目前, 对于东北冻土土壤中的适冷降解菌了解不足. 新建成的中俄输油管道穿越中国东北的多年冻土区, 为相关研究提供了契机. 实验利用454高通量测序分析了加格达奇冻土活动层土壤在受控原油污染前后的微生物群落结构. 结果显示: 污染后的Proteobacteria和Firmicutes相对丰度显著升高, 优势类群包括Alicyclobacillus、Sphingomonas、Nevskia以及Bacillus. 群落以芳烃降解菌或者耐受油污环境的细菌为主. 这种变化与原油(尤其是芳烃)组分的生态毒害作用有关. 较高浓度的原油污染下, 群落中可耐受油污环境的细菌丰度相对更高.  相似文献   

10.
农业作为通辽科尔沁地区的传统产业,是当地重要经济产业之一.了解土壤微生物群落结构和功能及其影响因素对农作物种植、污染土地修复等具有重要意义.采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术、FAPROTAX.1.1功能预测平台等方法,在该区采集71个土壤样品,分析其地球化学特征和微生物群落特征并对微生物群落进行功能预测,同时探讨不同环境因子和空间因子对微生物群落的影响.结果显示:微生物群落由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(19.77%)、奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)(17.85%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)(17.14%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(15.58%)等构成;功能预测表明该区存在大量活跃的参与氮循环过程的微生物功能群,其中有氧氨氧化功能群为该区的优势微生物功能群.方差分解分析显示,在对微生物群落结构差异的可解释范围内环境因子比空间因子的解释量更大.Mantel检验结果显示,整体微生物群落与土壤pH、EC、TN、C/N及Mg、Na、Sr元素含量显著相关(p < 0.05).综合分析表明,pH、EC和Sr元素含量是影响通辽科尔沁地区土壤微生物群落结构和功能及多样性的主要环境因素.   相似文献   

11.
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

12.
The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.  相似文献   

13.
正The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction,the formation and closure of ocean basins,and the early evolution of the Earth in terms of tectonics,resources,and environment.They also offer critical clues on the nature and style  相似文献   

14.
正1.Introduction This special issue of Geoscience Frontiers is a tribute volume honoring the life and career of Jacques Touret.A set of research papers has been assembled,which broadly reflect his research interests over his 50 plus year career.These papers focus on the role that fluids play during the formation and evolution of the Earth's crust.Below I provide a brief summary of the life of Jacques Touret,along with a select bibliography of his more important papers.This is then followed by a brief introduction to the papers assembled for this special issue.  相似文献   

15.
正1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF)is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with new  相似文献   

16.
正The world petroleum exploration suggests that,about70%of the world’s potash resources were discovered during oil and gas exploration(Zheng et al.,2007).The Kuqa depression in the Tarim basin is abundant with petroleum exploration data,and  相似文献   

17.
正Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment  相似文献   

18.
正With the approach of the 45th World Earth Day,China’s Ministry of Land and Resources issued the status of the Chinese geological survey and environments on 22nd April 2013.Regional geological survey in 2013 achieved new results—(why was oceanic in twice?)polar and oceanic expedition were fully completed,a national census of geography was begun,and  相似文献   

19.
正1 Introduction The Lop Nor playa,located in the eastern end of the Tarim Basin,capped with a thick salt crust covering an area of approximately 5,500 km2(Ma 2007)that closely resembles a"Great Ear"in satellite images.Understanding the formation of the salt crust can provide important  相似文献   

20.
In Liaoning, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Gansu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jilin and other provinces in China, there is a wide occurrence of metal quantity over 1000 tons of refractory gold ores, principally because of low gold recoveries and become "stay mine". Features of refi'actory gold ores are: gold in micro-particles or a microscopic state that is wrapped in pyrite, presence of arsenopyrite and other sulfide minerals or disseminated in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals; harmful impurity elements such as arsenic, carbon, mercury, antimony, copper with high content are closely related with the gold, and these elements affect the contact reaction between the gold and solvent extraction, making the recovery of the gold extraction process low. In the past 20 years, overseas countries have developed the application of the roasting oxidation method, hot acid (alkali) oxidation, bacterial oxidation and flash chlorination oxidation technology to solve this problem.Among these, biological oxidation has developed rapidly in the domestic market and gold enterprises abroad because of its low investment in infrastructure, low production costs, less environmental pollution, simple process and easy control, etc.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号