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快速城市化过程中都市农业景观变化及其生态安全研究是城市化区域生态安全和可持续发展研究的重要课题.构建都市农业景观生态安全评价指标与方法,探讨城市化对都市农业景观生态安全的影响具有重要的科学意义.以西安市为例,应用GIS和RS技术方法,结合"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)模型建立了都市农业景观生态安全综合评价指标体系,通过提取1999、2006和2013年的农业景观类型信息,定量分析了都市农业景观变化特征、动态评价了都市农业景观生态安全过程.结果表明:1999-2013年西安市农业景观结构变化剧烈,景观斑块数量增加、平均斑块面积减小,聚集度变差,景观趋于复杂化、破碎化,耕地、林地面积显著减少,园地面积增加.城市化的快速发展导致都市农业生态安全压力指数由0.43上升为0.59,生态安全状态指数由0.73降至0.28,生态安全响应指数则由0.26上升为0.77,生态系统服务价值下降;城市化过程带来的景观压力指数上升以及景观状态指数下降,使得都市农业景观生态安全综合指数由0.56先下降为0.4,后上升到0.48.城市化过程中的都市农业景观生态安全评价可以为都市农业可持续发展、土地可持续利用管理和科学决策提供依据. 相似文献
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本文以DSR模型为框架建立了湖南洛塔屋檐洞水库生态安全评价指标体系,并引入缀块丰富度密度、聚集度、景观均匀性指数等景观生态学指数,采用层次分析和模糊评判有机结合的综合方法,从生态安全状态、压力、响应三个指标体系角度出发,具体分析了屋檐洞库区自然、社会、经济三方面的生态安全问题,对库区生态安全进行综合评价,评判出屋檐洞水库库区系统生态安全属于安全级别,并根据评价中间结果找出生态安全响应是洛塔中寨水电站建设的潜在生态危险因素,提出建立合理科学的生态补偿机制以及库区生态安全预警系统等对策. 相似文献
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20世纪70年代以来，湿地研究成为国际环境科学和生态学研究的热点领域之一。尤其是景观生态学的兴起为湿地研究注入了新的活力,为在区域尺度上开展湿地的综合研究起到了启发和指导作用。空间格局、生态过程与尺度之间的相互关系是景观生态学研究的核心内容。同样，从景观尺度上来研究湿地空间格局与生态过程及其相互关系是当前湿地科学的研究热点。对景观格局与生态过程的研究方法、湿地主要生态过程、湿地景观格局与生态过程相互关系等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述。最后分析了目前湿地景观格局与生态过程相互关系研究中存在的问题与不足,未来湿地生态过程以及湿地格局与生态过程相互关系的研究热点及发展趋势。 相似文献
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吉林省煤矿区景观生态风险分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为评估煤矿开采对生态环境的破坏和损失程度,制定环境保护与治理方案,运用景观生态风险评价法开展矿区的生态风险评价。以吉林省11个主要煤矿区作为研究对象,以2008年中巴资源卫星遥感影像为数据源,运用景观生态风险分析方法,计算各煤矿区的景观格局指数,绘制生态风险空间分布图,将各矿区生态风险综合指数进行对比。结果表明,吉林省矿区的生态风险总体呈现中部高于南部和东部的规律。就各矿区而言,蛟河和杉松岗矿区生态风险指数值明显高于其他矿区,分别为0.360 2和0.321 0。 相似文献
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基于3S技术的岩溶地区城市景观生态安全评价——以贵阳市为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
基于景观生态学理论,借助多时相遥感数据与GIS空间分析技术,运用“压力-状态-响应（press-state-response,PSR）”模型,构建岩溶地区城市景观生态安全评价体系,通过空间叠加分析得到2000年和2013年贵阳市城市生态安全等级分布图,并就其空间分布规律与演化特征进行了对比分析,结果表明:2000年、2013年贵阳市城市生态安全指数均较低,2000年处于安全级别以上的值为3.04,2013年处于安全级别以上的值下降到1.78,在空间分布上呈西南向东北递增的趋势;在2000-2013年间,景观生态安全指数除湿地以外其他景观类型均呈现明显的下降趋势,其中农田恶化较为明显,湿地是唯一改善的景观类型。研究时段内贵阳市景观生态安全状况处于恶化趋势,因而建议在今后的城市规划与建设中应优化土地利用格局,以提高城市景观生态安全水平。 相似文献
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山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
面对当前严峻的资源环境与生态压力,习近平总书记提出了山水林田湖草生命共同体的理念,截至2019年底全国共开展了25个山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点。虽然已有工作取得了一定成效,但也存在保护修复目标不明确、整体性与系统性不足、人工干预的工程措施过度、缺乏动态监测评价、难以实现人与自然和谐共生等诸多问题。鉴此,本研究在梳理景观生态学、恢复生态学相关理论,基于自然的解决方案、适应性管理、社会-经济-自然复合生态系统以及生态系统服务等相关理念的基础上,构建了包含有区域(省)、景观、生态系统以及子项目4个层次的山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架,并提出了项目实施全程监测管理的技术要求,以期为推进山水林田湖草生命共同体的整体保护、系统修复、综合治理提供理论与技术支撑。 相似文献
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土地资源利用的景观生态优化方法 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
空间格局的生态优化是以往土地利用优化配置中的薄弱环节 ,景观生态学的发展与完善为弥补此项不足提供了一个全新的研究视角 ,在此方面已进行了长期的理论与方法探讨。为进一步促进景观生态学与土地利用优化配置的结合 ,探索土地资源利用空间生态优化的有效途径 ,文章系统阐述了近几十年景观生态学在土地利用优化配置的应用研究中采用的主要方法及其发展 ,并重点讨论了基于格局分析的土地利用生态优化途径及其发展前景。 相似文献
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基于景观生态学的喀斯特生态脆弱区土地利用/覆被变化评价——以贵州猫跳河流域为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过运用遥感、地理信息系统以及全球卫星定位系统等技术手段,借助于景观生态学中的景观格局指数以及构建生态价值指数,对位于贵州中部典型喀斯特地区的猫跳河流域1973年以来的土地利用/覆被变化及其对整个区域生态环境状况的影响以及近30年来土地利用的合理性进行了评价。研究表明,在过去的30年间,研究区的土地覆被发生了显著的变化,并对区域的生态环境造成了深刻的影响。1973- 1990年,猫跳河流域的景观趋于破碎化,斑块总数从3 438个增加到3 619个,生态服务价值指数从3 626. 58降低到3 343. 47,土地利用具有明显的不可持续性; 1990- 2002年,猫跳河流域的景观破碎度降低,斑块数量从1990年的3 619个减少到3 312个,整个流域的生态服务指数从3 343. 47上升到3 738. 4,生态环境质量开始向好的方向发展。 相似文献
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生态地球化学是地学与土壤学、农业、环境学和生态学等多学科交叉融合产生的新学科,是地球化学领域新的发展方向。区域生态地球化学评价是在区域地球化学调查基础上,针对影响流域/区带生态系统安全性的元素异常而开展的一项评价和研究工作。多目标区域地球化学调查获得的海量高精度地球化学数据,可为环境质量评价提供背景值、为土地的质量和生态管护提供地球化学依据;调查还发现了一系列影响流域生态安全性的元素异常,针对异常元素分布特征,区域生态地球化学评价将开展异常元素追踪和成因甄别、生态效应评价和生态系统安全性的预警预测等项评价和研究工作。文章论述了区域地球化学调查成果,介绍了区域地球化学评价的思路,阐述了区域生态地球化学评价的主要问题与对策。 相似文献
10.
资源型城市景观生态风险的时空分异:以乌海市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究大型露天煤矿开采对西北干旱荒漠区景观生态风险的影响,以及资源型城市转型背景下的时空动态,以资源衰退型的内蒙古自治区乌海市及周边县域为研究区,结合现有景观生态风险评价中的干扰度、脆弱度指标,增加受威胁指数来综合构建资源型城市景观生态风险评价框架。基于乌海市2005—2015年景观类型数据,从时间和空间上分析景观生态风险及其动态。结果显示:(1)2010—2015年景观类型之间转移相较于2005—2010年更剧烈,年变化强度分别为7.43%和3.44%,工矿用地与城市建设用地最活跃,但年增加强度减小。(2)林地、水域和湿地损失度先略增加后大幅度减小,其他土地和草地损失度呈增加趋势,工矿用地先减小后略增加;城市建设用地和工矿用地受威胁指数最大,其余类型的景观受威胁指数均有上升趋势,但其他土地、水域和湿地增加趋势逐渐减慢。(3)2005—2015年景观生态风险指数升高,空间分布总体呈西、中部高而南北低的格局,而不同等级风险区表现为低风险区由边缘向中心转移,而高风险区依托原有高风险区扩展。研究期风险区变化显著的是西部沙地高风险区,矿区东部其他土地因周围分布灌丛和草地,风险始终低于西部其他土地。根据不同风险等级中工矿用地的面积占比情况,将工矿用地占比控制在5%以内可达到控制总体景观生态风险的目的。研究为资源型城市通过合理的景观配置进行生态风险管控提供了依据。 相似文献
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1 Background of the project and research route 1.1 Background of the project The Niuchangpin ski field at Shennongjia is designed as the biggest natural ski field in the Huazhong (central China) area, which will be a multifunctional ski field base incl… 相似文献
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以长春高新开发区为例,从植被变化、生物物种变化、地表覆盖层变化、能流变化等几方面进行了开发区建设前后生态系统的变化分析。采用景观优势度方法,分别计算了缀块密度、频率、景观比例和景观优势度值。优势度排序绿地最高为23.78%,其次为工业用地20.42%,表明开发区规划合理,在建设过程中高度重视环境保护工作。在建立由社会环境、自然环境和污染环境3个方面共7项指标组成的生态满意度评价指标体系中,明确各指标关系的基础上,对区域生态环境和功能给人们生活、工作带来的满意程度进行了评估。评估结果表明,全区除集中供热率为基本满意外,其他指标均达到完全满意的程度。 相似文献
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从自然地理学到景观生态学 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Landscape ecology ,as a multidisciplinary field,is relatively new synthetic and holistic science. It evolved from roots in many fields,such as geography,ecology,economy and system science. According to the time一space coupling dynamic model , the development process of landscape ecology can be devided into three phasis:Landscape holistic ecology,spatial structure ecology and regional construction ecology"
The basic theories of landscape ecology included ; ecological evalution , succession , spatial differentianon and biotic diversity，landscape heterogeneity and coexistence of heterogeneity component，island biogeography and spatial mosaic theory ,scale effect and natural hierachical organization theory,biological geochemistry and landscape geochemistry ,ecological reconstruction and ecological location theory.
The scale issue and heteogeneity are the central functional question on the methodology of landscape ecology. Key landscape concepts are structure，function and change. It uses pattern (changse in space)and process(changes in time) as pivotal attributes. More attention should be paid on the macroscopic variation of structure and function of landscape ecology system , edge effect and human impact onthe landscape. 相似文献
The basic theories of landscape ecology included ; ecological evalution , succession , spatial differentianon and biotic diversity，landscape heterogeneity and coexistence of heterogeneity component，island biogeography and spatial mosaic theory ,scale effect and natural hierachical organization theory,biological geochemistry and landscape geochemistry ,ecological reconstruction and ecological location theory.
The scale issue and heteogeneity are the central functional question on the methodology of landscape ecology. Key landscape concepts are structure，function and change. It uses pattern (changse in space)and process(changes in time) as pivotal attributes. More attention should be paid on the macroscopic variation of structure and function of landscape ecology system , edge effect and human impact onthe landscape. 相似文献
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Feng Zhang Ying Li Sihan Liu Shaohua Zhao Yanting Wu 《Journal of Earth System Science》2014,123(2):319-328
Landscape patterns and ecological processes have been in long-term research focus in the field of landscape ecology, but how to measure their quantitative relations is still open. This work chooses the Hulunbeier grassland as the study area where ecosystem shows high vulnerability, frequent evolvement of landscape patterns and ecological processes. With remote sensing technology, the relationships between landscape patterns and ecological processes were analyzed quantitatively from multi-scale, multi-temporal and time series perspective. Firstly, the information about the current situation and change of landscape patterns and ecological processes are obtained from HJ-1 (Environmental and Disaster Small Satellite) and LANDSAT TM (Thermal Mapper) data. Secondly, SPOT NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data during 2000–2008 are used to analyze the dynamic changes of ecological processes, and to simulate its inter-annual variety at pixel scale. Finally, the dynamic change trends of ecological processes of grassland vegetation are described. The results indicate that the unchanged ecosystem types account for most of the study area, unused land in the central part expands continuously which results in the increase of desertification, and most ecosystem types in the eastern part are changed to grassland and woodland. Furthermore, the vegetation vulnerability is the highest in the grassland-dominated region, the second in grassland–farmland–woodland transition, and the smallest in the woodland-dominated region, where the stability is enhanced in turn. Due to the dynamic change of vegetation, it can be concluded that the study area underwent ecological processes of vegetation cover with a negative trend and a changed phenology. 相似文献
17.
Dong Xiaofeng Liu Lichen Wang Jianhua Shi Jin Pan Jinghu 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(3):651-664
Eco-environmental changes which generally manifest as the ecological landscape changes are mainly affected by natural and
human factors. Through complex interaction, natural factors and human activities alter the landscape structure and decide
the service function of regional ecosystem. With the development of geographical information system (GIS) and satellite remote
sensing (RS) techniques, the researches on quantitative analysis of landscape changes have made great strides forward. In
this paper, the landscape change dynamics in the Weigou River basin have been investigated by the combined use of high-resolution
RS images and GIS techniques. The objectives are to determine the landscape transition rates among landscape types and to
quantify changes of various landscape indexes using FRAGSTATS, one of the spatial pattern analysis programs for categorical
maps. Under man–machine interactive interpretation method, all of the 10-m resolution SPOT + TM images are classified into
six primary types (farmland, forest, grassland, water, construction area and desert) and 12 sub-types based on the interpretation
key which was established based on 1947 filed pictures in the Weigou River basin. A field check on the data accuracy shows
that the total interpretation accuracy approaches 97.53%. Significant land-use change has taken place in the Weigou River
basin over the six years from 1998 to 2004 due to rehabilitation measures. The results show that there has been a notable
decrease in farmland mainly due to conversion to forest and grassland, the landscape heterogeneity and evenness has increased,
and there is a greater connectivity. The dominance of farmland patch has decreased. And hence the ecological environment has
started to develop in a reversing direction. The study of the integration of high-resolution RS images and GIS technique is
an effective approach to analyze the landscape changes at river basin scale. 相似文献
18.
The urban fringe, which can be seen as a special form of regional ecosystem with a spatial transition from urban to rural
areas, has strong heterogeneity and is a typical ecologically sensitive area. The expansion of cities and the landscape effect
of the changes have attracted wide attention. The primary aim of this study is to obtain an understanding of the spatial patterns
of landscape conversion and the corresponding environmental sustainability. With the help of GIS and Fragstats software, the
changes of landscape patterns before and after town planning were compared in An-Ding town of Beijing, of which the sustainability
was also revealed based on the ecological footprint using social and economic statistic data. The results showed that the
landscape pattern changed greatly during its conversion from several villages to a small town and the landscape fragmentation
increased due to road construction. Meanwhile, human disturbance increased with the constructed land extension. For the gap
between the ecological footprint and the biological capacity, An-Ding town ran an ecological deficit at that period, which
means it was unsustainable. However, the environmental sustainability decreased after planning due to the degraded green land
and forest. The results suggested that ecological management should be strengthened during the town planning period. 相似文献