共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
V.D. Mats R.M. Lobatskaya O.M. Khlystov 《地学前缘》2007,14(1):207-219
北贝加尔盆地西南端位于贝加尔盆地中部,包括Olkhon岛及其邻区,文中研究了这个区域的构造地貌格架。北贝加尔盆地西南端的构造地貌类型是由走滑构造末端的一系列雁列构造、裂谷断层及次级断层的末端复合构造控制。朝着海的方向Olkhon地区次级断层包括4个连续的末端复合构造Primorsky断层带,Buguldeika-Chernorud地堑—MaloyeMore裂谷盆地—Ushkaniy断层带,Tazheran高原—Olkhon岛鞍部和淹没的Akademichesky山脊,Olkhon断层带。这个末端构造被横向断层切为几段,其活动时间在南西最年轻,向北东逐渐加大,同时断层垂直断距从数十米增至2000余米,且断层带变得更为宽阔,也更为复杂。Pri-morsky断层带向北东从西南端简单的线性断层崖,变为断层围限的断块系统,再变为上升和沉降(盆地)块体系统,并最终汇入一个盆地之中;沿着这个方向裂谷边界断层则突然地复合于盆地构造中。这种构造地貌类型记录了断层演化的时间和空间关系,即从属于递进的沉降和加宽直至最终发育为盆地。因此其趋势是发育完好的湖盆、陆地构造直至被水淹没。陆地构造淹没趋势及没有断层围限块体的盆内构造组合可能是与犁式断层旋转相关的陆内裂谷的共同特点,并具一般裂谷的打开机制。 相似文献
2.
北太平洋及东亚地区在始新世左右发生了一系列重大地质事件:日本海发生开裂;日本西南和中国板块北部发生顺时针旋转(20°);NNW向运动的太平洋板块突然改变方向开始NWW向运动;郯庐断裂带由强烈断陷造成快速冷却事件;渤海湾盆地出现地幔热异常开始形成裂谷系;阿尔金断裂开始脉冲式走滑;贝加尔湖裂谷开始形成。这些重大地质事件的发生都与日本海陨击事件相关。 相似文献
3.
塔里木盆地西南部南华纪裂谷体系的发现及意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过系统的地震资料解释,首次在塔西南地区发现南华纪裂谷体系。该裂谷平面上呈NW-SE走向的长条状,长约450km,宽约70~110km。剖面上为一箕状盆地,西南边界为一大型正断层,是裂谷沉积的同沉积断层,裂谷沉积向西南逐渐加厚,向东北逐渐减薄,沉积中心靠近裂谷的西南边界,构成一大型半地堑构造。其中,南华系是一套典型的生长地层,是裂谷沉积的主体;震旦系为裂谷晚期-后裂谷期沉积。塔西南南华纪裂谷是罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解过程中形成的,其油气勘探价值非常值得期待。 相似文献
4.
Evolution of the eastern margin of Korea: Constraints on the opening of the East Sea (Japan Sea) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Han-Joon Kim Gwang Hoon Lee Hyeong-Tae Jou Hyun-Moo Cho Hai-Soo Yoo Gun-Tae Park Ji-Soo Kim 《Tectonophysics》2007,436(1-4):37-55
We interpreted marine seismic profiles in conjunction with swath bathymetric and magnetic data to investigate rifting to breakup processes at the eastern Korean margin that led to the separation of the southwestern Japan Arc. The eastern Korean margin is rimmed by fundamental elements of rift architecture comprising a seaward succession of a rift basin and an uplifted rift flank passing into the slope, typical of a passive continental margin. In the northern part, rifting occurred in the Korea Plateau that is a continental fragment extended and partially segmented from the Korean Peninsula. Two distinguished rift basins (Onnuri and Bandal Basins) in the Korea Plateau are bounded by major synthetic and smaller antithetic faults, creating wide and considerably symmetric profiles. The large-offset border fault zones of these basins have convex dip slopes and demonstrate a zig-zag arrangement along strike. In contrast, the southern margin is engraved along its length with a single narrow rift basin (Hupo Basin) that is an elongated asymmetric half-graben. Analysis of rift fault patterns suggests that rifting at the Korean margin was primarily controlled by normal faulting resulting from extension rather than strike-slip deformation. Two extension directions for rifting are recognized: the Onnuri and Hupo Basins were rifted in the east-west direction; the Bandal Basin in the east–west and northwest–southeast directions, suggesting two rift stages. We interpret that the east–west direction represents initial rifting at the inner margin; while the Japan Basin widened, rifting propagated southeastward repeatedly from the Japan Basin toward the Korean margin but could not penetrate the strong continental lithosphere of the Korean Shield and changed the direction to the south, resulting in east–west extension to create the rift basins at the Korean margin. The northwest–southeast direction probably represents the direction of rifting orthogonal to the inferred line of breakup along the base of the slope of the Korea Plateau; after breakup the southwestern Japan Arc separated in the southeast direction, indicating a response to tensional tectonics associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate in the northwest direction. No significant volcanism was involved in initial rifting. In contrast, the inception of sea floor spreading documents a pronounced volcanic phase which appears to reflect asthenospheric upwelling as well as rift-induced convection particularly in the narrow southern margin. We suggest that structural and igneous evolution of the Korean margin, although it is in a back-arc setting, can be explained by the processes occurring at the passive continental margin with magmatism influenced by asthenospheric upwelling. 相似文献
5.
Neogene rift system configuration for the back-arc of southwest Japan, southern rim of the Japan Sea, is argued on the basis of reflection seismic interpretation. Divergent rifting and subsequent contraction provoked by an arc–arc collisional event are manifested by the formation of faulted grabens and their inverted deformation, respectively. We identified the following four Cenozoic tectonic epochs as a decomposition process of the eastern Eurasian margin based on reliable paleomagnetic data: (1) Plate margin rearrangement on a regional left-lateral fault through southwest Japan and Sikhote Alin, which constituted a continuous geologic province before the early Tertiary differential motion; (2) Early Tertiary clockwise rotation (>20°) of the east Tan-Lu block relative to the North China block; (3) Oligocene to early Miocene divergent rifting and spreading of the Japan Sea, which divided southwest Japan from the east Tan-Lu block; (4) Middle Miocene bending and back-arc inversion of southwest Japan caused by collision with the Izu-Bonin arc. According to the estimation of relative motions during these events, a paleogeographic reconstruction is presented through Cenozoic time. 相似文献
6.
7.
V. P. Utkin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,472(2):167-172
Based on the concept of tectonic delamination of the lithosphere, we revealed that the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk were formed as a result of the tectonic flow of crustal material. The intermittent southward movement of southwestern Japan (Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic) along the eastern Japanese leftlateral strike-slip fault zone resulted in the formation of paired structures: back-arc extensional (Central Japan rift) and frontal compressional (South Japan imbricate–thrust belt) structures. The Sea of Okhotsk was formed in a similar tectonic setting: South Okhotsk rift (back-arc extensional structure) and Kamuikotan–Susunai compressional belt (frontal imbricate-thrust structure). Synchronous extension, compression, and strike-slip movements suggest that the tectonic flow of crustal material played a critical role in the formation of the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk. 相似文献
8.
The anticlockwise rotation of the Iberian Peninsula away from south Brittany during the Mesozoic has been demonstrated from palaeomagnetic data. Marine magnetic, seismic and gravity surveys have indicated that there is oceanic crust in the Bay of Biscay. Initial rifting began in the Triassic but the major part of the rotation of the Iberian Peninsula occurred during the Late Cretaceous. Two mechanisms for the opening of the Bay of Biscay have been proposed, firstly a simple anticlockwise rotation of the Iberian plate and secondly, a 350 km sinistral displacement of the Iberian plate along transform faults about a pole of rotation near Paris. Geological data, partly new, favours the first mechanism but with a pole of rotation approximately 100 km east of the west end of the Pyrenees rather than in the southeast corner of the Bay of Biscay. Geophysical data indicates a further small rotation of the Iberian Peninsula during the Late Eocene which resulted in the formation of the Pyrenees. 相似文献
9.
Han-Joon Kim Hyeong-Tae Jou Hyun-Moo Cho Harmen Bijwaard Takeshi Sato Jong-Kuk Hong Hai-Soo Yoo Chang-Eob Baag 《Tectonophysics》2003,364(1-2):25-42
Despite the various opening models of the southwestern part of the East Sea (Japan Sea) between the Korean Peninsula and the Japan Arc, the continental margin of the Korean Peninsula remains unknown in crustal structure. As a result, continental rifting and subsequent seafloor spreading processes to explain the opening of the East Sea have not been adequately addressed. We investigated crustal and sedimentary velocity structures across the Korean margin into the adjacent Ulleung Basin from multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection and ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data. The Ulleung Basin shows crustal velocity structure typical of oceanic although its crustal thickness of about 10 km is greater than normal. The continental margin documents rapid transition from continental to oceanic crust, exhibiting a remarkable decrease in crustal thickness accompanied by shallowing of Moho over a distance of about 50 km. The crustal model of the margin is characterized by a high-velocity (up to 7.4 km/s) lower crustal (HVLC) layer that is thicker than 10 km under the slope base and pinches out seawards. The HVLC layer is interpreted as magmatic underplating emplaced during continental rifting in response to high upper mantle temperature. The acoustic basement of the slope base shows an igneous stratigraphy developed by massive volcanic eruption. These features suggest that the evolution of the Korean margin can be explained by the processes occurring at volcanic rifted margins. Global earthquake tomography supports our interpretation by defining the abnormally hot upper mantle across the Korean margin and in the Ulleung Basin. 相似文献
10.
With oblique rifting, both extension perpendicular to the rift trend and shear parallel to the rift trend contribute to rift formation. The relative amounts of extension and shear depend on α, the acute angle between the rift trend and the relative displacement direction between opposite sides of the rift. Analytical and experimental (clay) models of combined extension and left-lateral shear suggest the fault patterns produced by oblique rifting. If α is less than 30°, conjugate sets of steeply dipping strike-slip faults form in rifts. Sinistral and dextral strike-slip faults trend subparallel and at large angles to the rift trend, respectively. If α is about 30°, strike-slip, oblique-slip and/or normal faults form in rifts. Faults with sinistral and dextral strike slip trend subparallel and at large angles to the rift trend, respectively. Normal faults strike about 30° counterclockwise from the rift trend. If α exceeds 30°, normal faults form in rifts. They have moderate dips and generally strike obliquely to the rift trend and to the relative displacement direction between opposite sides of the rift. If α equals 90°, the normal faults strike parallel to the rift trend and perpendicularly to the displacement direction.The modeling results apply to the Gulf of California and Gulf of Aden, two Tertiary continental rift systems produced by combined extension and shear. Our results explain the presence and trends of oblique-slip and strike-slip faults along the margins of the Gulf of California and the oblique trend (relative to the rift trend) of many normal faults along the margins of both the Gulf of California and the Gulf of Aden. 相似文献
11.
中国东部中新生代裂陷盆地与伸展山岭耦合机制 总被引：65，自引：5，他引：60
中国东部中、新生代伸展构造系包括由松辽盆地、华北盆地和江汉盆地等构成的裂陷盆地 ,以及由大兴安岭、太行山及雪峰山等构成的伸展山岭。从大陆裂解和伸展构造动力学来看 ,主要存在底侵作用、对流作用和拆层作用 3种机制。因此裂陷盆地与伸展山岭耦合关系主要是深部壳幔作用在浅层的响应。 相似文献
12.
Freddy Corredor 《Tectonophysics》2003,372(3-4):147-166
Remote sensing and field studies of several extensional basins along the northern margin of the Gulf of Aden in Yemen show that Oligocene–Miocene syn-rift extension trends N20°E on average, in agreement with the E–W to N120°E strike of main rift-related normal faults, but oblique to the main trend of the Gulf (N70°E). These faults show a systematic reactivation under a 160°E extensional stress that we interpret also as syn-rift. The occurrence of these two successive phases of extension over more than 1000 km along the continental margin suggests a common origin linked to the rifting process. After discussing other possible mechanisms such as a change in plate motion, far-field effects of Arabia–Eurasia collision, and stress rotations in transfer zones, we present a working hypothesis that relates the 160°E extension to the westward propagation since about 20 Ma of the N70°E-trending, obliquely spreading, Gulf of Aden oceanic rift. The late 160°E extension, perpendicular to the direction of rift propagation, could result from crack-induced extension associated with the strain localization that characterises the rift-to-drift transition. 相似文献
13.
To better understand how active deformation localizes within a continental plate in response to extensional and transtensional tectonics, a combined analysis of high-quality gravity (Bouguer anomaly) and seismicity data is presented consisting of about 35000 earthquakes recorded in the Baikal Rift Zone. This approach allows imaging of deformation patterns from the surface down to the Moho. A comparison is made with heat flow variations in order to assess the importance of lithospheric rheology in the style of extensional deformation. Three different rift sectors can be identified. The southwestern rift sector is characterized by strong gravity and topography contrasts marked by two major crustal faults and diffuse seismicity. Heat flow shows locally elevated values, correlated with recent volcanism and negative seismic P-velocity anomalies. Based on earthquake fault plane solutions and on previous stress field inversions, it is proposed that strain decoupling may occur in this area in response to wrench-compressional stress regime imposed by the India–Asia collision. The central sector is characterized by two major seismic belts; the southernmost one corresponds to a single, steeply dipping fault accommodating oblique extension; in the centre of lake Baikal, a second seismic belt is associated with several dip-slip faults and subcrustal thinning at the rift axis in response to orthogonal extension. The northern rift sector is characterized by a wide, low Bouguer anomaly which corresponds to a broad, high topographic dome and seismic belts and swarms. This topography can be explained by lithospheric buoyancy forces possibly linked to anomalous upper mantle. At a more detailed scale, no clear correlation appears between the surficial fault pattern and the gravity signal. As in other continental rifts, it appears that the lithospheric rheology influences extensional basins morphology. However, in the Baikal rift, the inherited structural fabric combined with stress field variations results in oblique rifting tectonics which seem to control the geometry of southern and northeastern rift basins. 相似文献
14.
George VI Sound, 400 km long and between 25 and 90 km wide, separates Alexander Island from the Antarctic Peninsula. The straight parallel sides of its northern section and sub-parallel normal faulting observed in exposed rock on adjacent parts of Alexander Island and Palmer Land indicate a history of rifting. Subglacial topography, revealed through radar sounding of ice thickness in Palmer Land, shows deep areas which owe their presence to two major fault zones parallel to the main N-S trend. One of these is probably the western escarpment of the Palmer Land plateau and the eastern boundary of the rift system. Bedrock relief suggests that transverse block faulting has differentially raised and lowered the mountains on the eastern side of the sound. A seismic profile through George VI Ice Shelf (which occupies most of George VI Sound) confirms that the “W”-shaped cross-section of the bedrock observed by plumb-line at the northern edge of the ice shelf is also found 250 km further south. The shape may be due entirely to glacial erosion, but it is more likely to be a structural feature subsequently glacially modified. These features are consistent with a model of George VI Sound as a region of Tertiary intra-arc extension within the Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatic arc of the Antarctic Peninsula and Alexander Island. 相似文献
15.
汾渭地堑系位于我国东部阴山与秦岭纬向带之间,自北向南,由集宁、怀来、大同、蔚县、忻州、太原、晋中、汾渭、天水、礼县、西和、成县等10余个NE向斜列的新生代断陷盆地组成,它们呈“S”形展布,反映华北地块在新生代时期发生了顺时针旋转,使古老地块发生裂解,可称之为“S”型旋转拉分构造体系。这个构造体系对中国东部构造格局和构造发展有广泛和深远的影响,强烈改造了秦岭—大别山纬向构造带和江南地块北缘的构造格局,使新华夏系形成分段特征,启动了华北地块伸展构造发展模式,影响所及直达琉球海沟。无独有偶,亚洲中部俄罗斯、蒙古境内有贝加尔地堑系,由反“S”形分布的新生代断陷盆地组成,它们也发育于古老结晶地块之中,可与之对比,是逆时针旋转的反“S”型旋转拉分构造体系。说明它们是同一类型的旋转构造型式,是古老地块裂解的一种方式。 相似文献
16.
辽东湾—下辽河盆地新生代构造的运动学特征及其演化过程 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
辽东湾－下辽河盆地是一个富含油气的新生代裂陷盆地。裂陷作用使盆地区的地壳或岩石圈被不同尺度的断裂肢解为形体各异的断块体,并使这些断块体在复杂而有规律的运动过程中形成了裂陷盆地及盆地中的两个相对独立而又有关联的新生代构造系统──伸展构造和走滑构造。盆地构造的运动学特征可以用断块间的相对运动和断块体本身的运动来描述,包括水平伸展运动、差异升降运动、相对走滑运动和断块体掀斜运动等四种主要形式。本文描述和讨论了各种形式的“运动”在辽东湾－下辽河盆地中的表现特征,测算了新生代盆地的伸展量、沉降量等主要构造运动学参数,并在此基础上将盆地的新生代构造演化划分为早第三纪裂陷阶段和晚第三纪－第四纪后裂陷阶段。早第三纪的裂陷事件具有分期次、呈幕式的特点,进一步可以分为始新世和渐新世两个具不同特色的伸展幕。 相似文献
17.
松辽盆地裂谷期前火山岩与裂谷盆地关系及动力学过程 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
松辽盆地存在裂谷期前火山岩,之后上地壳脆性伸展发育半地堑裂谷盆地。裂谷期前火山岩近水平展布于基底之上,裂谷期,沉则分布于半地暂内,两者属于不同构造层。 相似文献
18.
Mohammad A. Sarhan Richard E. Ll. Collier Ahmed Basal Mohamed Hamed Abdel Aal 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(11):4563-4571
The north Egyptian continental margin has undergone passive margin subsidence since the opening of Tethys, but its post-Mesozoic history has been interrupted by tectonic events that include a phase of extensional faulting in the Late Miocene. This study characterizes the geometry and distribution of Late Miocene normal faulting beneath the northern Nile Delta and addresses the relationship of this faulting to the north–northwestwards propagation of Red Sea–Gulf of Suez rifting at this time. Structural interpretation of a 2D grid of seismic reflection data has defined a Tortonian–Messinian syn-rift megasequence, when tied to well data. Normal fault correlations between seismic lines are constrained by the mapping of fault-related folds. Faults are evenly distributed across the study area and are found to strike predominantly NW–SE to NNW–SSE, with some N–S faults in the north. Faults are interpreted to be <10 km in length, typically in the range 3–6 km. This suggests that rifting in the northern Nile Delta did not proceed beyond a continental rift initiation phase, with distributed, relatively small-scale faults. This contrasts with the Gulf of Suez Rift, where faulting continued to a more evolved fault localization phase, with block-bounding faults >25 km in length. Results suggest that future studies could quantify fault evolution from rift initiation to fault linkage to displacement localization, by studying the spatial variation in faulting from the northern Nile Delta, south–southeastwards to the Gulf of Suez Rift. 相似文献
19.
The ophiolite-bearing Bangong-Nujiang zone (BNZ) traversing central Tibet from east to west separates the Qiangtang block in the north from the Lhasa block in the south. Their stratigraphic development indicates that both blocks once formed a continuous continental platform until the Late Triassic. Following Late Paleozoic-Triassic rifting, ocean crust formed between both blocks during the Late Triassic creating the Dongqiao-Naqu basin (DNB) among other basins (Yu et al. 1991). The analysis of the rift flank sequences reveals that rifting was dominated by transtension. The basin was shortened by post-Mid-Cretaceous transpression. Thus, the overall basin evolution represents a Reading cycle despite some active margin processes which gave this cycle a special imprint. Major basin parts were preserved despite transpressional shortening suggesting that the eastern BNZ represents a remnant basin. Our understanding of the DNB solves the prior problem of viewing the BNZ as a Mid-Late Jurassic collisional suture although typical collision-related deformation, thickening, mountain building, as well as related molasse formation are lacking. Our model also explains the scattered linear ophiolite distribution by local transpression of remnant oceanic basin floor without having to consider problematic long range ophiolite thrusting. 相似文献
20.
五种不同边界几何条件的平面砂箱实验模型表明,一个方向的伸展变形可因伸展边界方向的变化形成不同走向的正断层,伸展裂陷盆地中不同走向的正断层并非一定代表不同方向区域构造应力作用、或多期构造变形的结果。伸展裂陷盆地正断层走向受伸展边界走向和构造伸展的方向共同控制,伸展边界的控制力随距离增大而逐渐衰减。伸展边界附近的断层走向主要受伸展边界方向控制,大致反映伸展边界方向。盆地内部断层走向主要受构造伸展方向控制(趋向于垂直构造伸展方向),主要反映构造伸展方向。盆地伸展边界方向的变化可以引起伸展裂陷盆地内部断层走向的转向。因铲式正断层上盘滚动变形产生的正断层,其走向平行于铲式边界断层的走向。 相似文献