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1.
海岸带以陆海相互作用为基本特征,并形成了一系列相关的海岸带地质灾害.海岸及近海区域是海岸带陆海相互作用的关键地区,与人类活动关系密切,减轻海岸带灾害损失和保护海岸带环境的重点应在此设立海岸缓冲区.本文在分析莱州湾东岸海岸带陆海相互作用相关的地质灾害基础上,总结提出了海岸缓冲区规划的地质地貌标志、咸-淡水过渡带标志.对缓冲区规划原则、动态管理及海岸带立法做了初步的分析与探讨. 相似文献
2.
海岸地区是全球人口密集、城镇密布和经济发达区 ,这一区域的都市化和工业化进程迅猛 ,旅游业飞速发展。所有这些对自然资源和生物多样性构成了严重威胁。同时 ,由于全球海平面的变化及沿岸砂量的变化 ,对海洋动力敏感的两种海岸———沙质海岸和淤泥质平原海岸的退损是非常显著的。海岸遭受侵蚀的因素有 :(1)海平面上升 ;(2 )陆源供沙减少 ;(3)人为海岸带采沙 ;(4 )海岸工程负面效应 ;(5 )其他。根据研究 ,海平面上升 5 0ｃｍ情况下 ,我国的青岛、汇泉、浮山 3个海湾海滩损失面积多达 17万多ｍ2 ,损失率在30 %以上 ,滨海后退达 34 0ｍ之多 … 相似文献
3.
基于生态工程的海岸带全球变化适应性防护策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在全球变化导致的海平面上升和灾害性气候等压力下,我国海岸带风暴潮、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等灾害发生频率和强度正在增加,对海岸防护体系的需求日益提高。传统海岸防护工程维护成本高,更新困难,而且可能造成地面沉降、水质恶化、生态退化、渔业资源衰退等后果。基于生态工程的海岸防护提供了抵御海岸带灾害的新理念。修复和重建沙滩、红树林、沼泽湿地、珊瑚礁等海岸带生态系统,可以起到消浪、蓄积泥沙、抬升地面的作用,有效应对全球变化引发的灾害风险,形成更可持续的海岸防护体系。通过分析不同海岸防护技术的优势和限制,认为以生态工程为核心理念构建和管理我国海岸防护体系,才能起到保障社会经济发展和维持生态健康的最佳效果。 相似文献
4.
海岸侵蚀灾害管理信息系统的实现 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海岸侵蚀灾害的管理是以大量的调查研究成果,特别是长期监测数据为基础进行管理的。海岸侵蚀信息系统建设是针对海岸侵蚀的数据收集、交换到数据利用这样一系列的数据流的处理过程。参考地理信息系统在海洋管理方面的应用,海岸侵蚀灾害管理系统的关键技术,包括:系统基本框架,灾害预测评价模型库、数据框架与数据组织方式、标准体系相关技术研究。 相似文献
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渤海湾莱州湾东岸海岸带人为地质灾害研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在人类活动中，渤海莱州湾东岸海岸带形成了地表塌陷、河槽变形、海水入侵、海岸侵蚀等一系列地质灾害。由人为活动方式的不同，海岸带地质灾害存在结构与特征上的诸多差异，不同地质灾害在时空成因上有内在的联系。海岸带地质灾害防治的对策主要包括：建立以3S为基本技术支持的现代海岸带资源与环境管理系统；海岸带规划和海岸带环境变化研究三个方面。首次提出了海岸带缓冲区的概念，以及海岸带缓冲区规划和建设的初步构想。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2020,(1)
海岸带是地球表层物质、能量和信息流通交换最活跃区域之一,具有动态变化的盐度、溶解氧等地球化学梯度,其界面过程体现在大气降水-河水-海水-地下水-沉积物之间的物质循环和能量交换。在人类活动与气候变化双重影响下,海岸带面临着气候灾害、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、滨海湿地退化、水体富营养化以及重金属、新型污染物等生态环境问题,成为地球科学和环境科学领域研究的热点。本文围绕海岸带水文-生物地球化学循环、人类活动影响下的海岸带环境问题、海岸带环境对气候变化的响应、海岸带海陆交互界面观测新技术新方法4个方面,综述了国内外研究进展与发展趋势,展望了海陆交互作用及其生态环境效应研究的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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海岸带位于海陆交互地带,其独特的地理、地质和环境条件导致其灾害地质现象发育,地质灾害易发性和危险性高。考虑到海岸带的重要经济和社会属性,开展海岸带的地质灾害风险评价显得极为重要。本文首先建立了基于模糊贝叶斯网络的地质灾害风险评价模型,结合网络层次分析法(ANP)确定模糊贝叶斯网络的条件概率,并简化了贝叶斯网络的结构图谱。在此基础上,以辽东半岛东部海岸带作为研究区,以崩塌、滑坡、地面塌陷、海岸侵蚀和海水入侵等5个主要地质灾害类型作为评价对象,开展了基于ANP-模糊贝叶斯网络模型的地质灾害易发性、危险性和风险性评价,并编制了综合地质灾害风险分布图;结果显示,区内高、较高风险区主要分布于研究区的西南部海岸带,面积为249km2,约占全区面积的9.1%。研究成果可为海岸带国土资源开发、经济建设规划、防灾减灾救灾等提供重要参考,对同类地区的海岸带地质灾害风险评价具有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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9.
海岸线变迁环境地质问题研究--以福建南部沿海地区为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
林军 《地质灾害与环境保护》2006,17(1):29-34
海岸侵蚀、淤积是改造沿海地质环境的主要因素之一。利用遥感技术和时空对比分析等监测手段来揭示地质环境的这种深刻变化,以及对人类生存环境所产生的客观影响,是未来环境地质研究的热点和难点问题。在系统总结现代海岸地质地貌特点及全新世以来海岸变迁概况的基础上,对福建南部沿海地区海岸线变迁的现状与发展趋势进行探讨。在当前世界海平面上升的总体情况下,海岸侵蚀将成为全球性海岸带最主要的自然灾害;海湾淤积影响港口城市的可持续发展;滩涂淤涨给水产养殖业带来了新的问题。 相似文献
10.
美国海岸带自然资源与生态损害评估及修复工作对中国的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海岸带是位于海陆结合部的复杂环境系统,是人类活动最集中的地区。中国大陆海岸线约18000km,涉及沿海11个省,由于经济社会高速发展,海岸带地区的人口、资源、环境矛盾日益突出,面临海岸带资源无序开发、水土污染、滨海湿地退化、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等一系列生态环境与灾害地质问题,已成为影响生态文明建设的主要问题之一。因此中国持续加大海岸带生态环境保护力度,并提出实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程、强化湿地保护和修复等政策措施。美国国家海洋和大气管理局主导的海岸带损害评估及修复计划已实施了近30年,并取得了显著效果,其完善的法律制度体系、规范的损害评估和修复程序、数据集成管理和共享应用等成功经验值得学习借鉴。建议加快完善中国海岸带生态环境损害评估与修复的技术方法体系和制度体系、有序开展海岸带自然资源和生态环境调查、加强海岸带及滨海湿地等重要生态系统的演化和修复技术研究与示范,并构建统一的海岸带基础调查数据库、建立海岸带监测预警体系。 相似文献
11.
Geo-hazards with characteristics and prevention measures along the coastal regions of China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
China has more than 18,000 km long coastline. Along the coastline, there are various configurations of topography, geomorphology,
and geology condition. In the coastal regions, geological disasters, including seawater intrusion, coast scouring, land subsidence,
karst collapse, soil erosion, collapse-landslide-debris flow (CLDF), and human activity-induced disasters, occur frequently.
All of these disasters have their own forming causes, characteristics, and distribution regions. Seawater intrusion and coast
scouring only occur in the coastal regions while the others occur in both coastal regions and in-land regions. Land subsidence
occurring in the coastal region is of larger scale and entails greater economic loss than that occurring in the in-land region.
For the other disasters, although the scale of disaster in the coastal regions is smaller than that happened in the in-land
regions, the economic loss in the former case is greater than that in the latter. This is because populations are dense and
economy is developed along the coastal regions of China. To mitigate the disasters and reduce the economic loss, countermeasures
are discussed. 相似文献
12.
以实地调研资料为依据,对苏中黄海岸带的侵蚀、淤积作出系统分析。将苏中岸段分为北侵蚀、南淤积两大段,射阳河口以北的面大套河口为侵、淤转换中介点。作者从地貌形态、地层岩性(结构构造为主)、入海河口与风浪组合的水动力条件着眼,对侵、淤形成机制作了简要分析,并对发展趋势作出了概略预测,最后针对岸带侵、淤特点,提出岸带保护措施及滩涂资源开发利用方向。本文可供海岸滩涂资源开发利用规划及地质灾害防治参考利用。 相似文献
13.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(5):101427
Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world. In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities, increasing global offshore pollution has been an important worldwide concern over the past several decades and has become a very serious problem that needs to be addressed urgently. Due to offshore pollution, various geological disasters occur in high frequency, including intensified erosion and salinization of coastal soils, frequent geological collapses and landslides and increasing seismic activities. Moreover, offshore pollution shows increasingly serious impacts on the topography and geomorphology of offshore and coastal areas, including coastal degradation, retreating coastlines and estuary delta erosion. Offshore sedimentation processes are strongly influenced by the pH changes of terrestrial discharges, and sedimentary dynamics have become extremely acute and complex due to offshore pollution. The seabed topography and hydrodynamic environment determine the fate and transport of pollutants entering offshore regions. Coastal estuaries, port basins and lagoons that have relatively moderate ocean currents and winds are more likely to accumulate pollutants. Offshore regions and undersea canyons can be used as conduits for transporting pollutants from the continent to the seabed. It is particularly noteworthy that the spatial/temporal distribution of species, community structures, and ecological functions in offshore areas have undergone unprecedented changes in recent decades. Due to increasing offshore pollution, the stable succession and development trend of marine ecosystems has been broken. It is thus important to identify and regulate the quantity, composition and transportation of pollutants in offshore regions and their behavior in marine ecosystems. In particular, crucial actions for stabilizing marine ecosystems, including increasing species and biodiversity, should be implemented to enhance their anti-interference capabilities. This review provides an overview of the current situation of offshore pollution, as well as major trends of pollutant fate and transportation from continent to marine ecosystems, transformation of pollutants in sediments, and their bioaccumulation and diffusion. This study retrospectively reviews the long-term geological evolution of offshore pollution from the perspective of marine geology, and analyses their long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems. Due to ecological risks associated with pollutants released from offshore sediments, more research on the influence of global offshore pollution based on marine geology is undoubtedly needed. 相似文献
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进入20世纪50年代以来,我国海岸侵蚀日趋明显,一些海岸带资源或油田设施遭到破坏。针对我国黄河三角洲和长江三角洲海岸线的侵蚀现状,分析了我国海岸线侵蚀的主要因素:河流泥沙减少;海平面的上升或海洋动力因素增强以及人为因素的影响。并对目前我国所采用的海岸防护措施进行了分析。提出了我国海岸防护工程类型较多,应根据海岸侵蚀的特点采用不同的措施或多种形式组合,因势利导,使工程达到最好的防护效果。 相似文献
16.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):756-763
Earth surface processes—such as landslides, floods, erosion, siltation, subsidence, and soil collapse-are the main geological hazards responsible for social and economic damage in Brazil. Seismic events also occur, although at low intensities and with little damage. This paper addresses selected aspects of landslide and coastal-erosion disaster countermeasures in Brazil. Landslides cause the greatest number of accidents involving loss of life, and they occur chiefly in mountainous areas of the southeastern coast and in the more gentle terrain of the northeast coast. Local natural conditions related to topographic, geological, and climatic aspects, as well as manmade situations, are the main factors responsible for landslide disasters in Brazil. Coastal erosion today represents a serious problem as a result of the substantial property damage it causes, chiefly along the northeast coast of Brazil, where it is most intense and frequent. The causes of coastal erosion in Brazil have been ascribed chiefly to human activity and to short- and medium-term natural causes. Elevation of sea level does not appear to have the same impact along the Brazilian coast as in the Northern Hemisphere, inasmuch as the Brazilian coast has been rising during the last 5000 years or more. 相似文献
17.
The study area is 56-km coastal zone of Chennai district of the Tamil Nadu state, southeast coast of India. The coastline, which includes tourist resorts, ports, hotels, fishing villages, and towns, has experienced threats from many disasters such as storms, cyclones, floods, tsunami, and erosion. This was one of the worst affected area during 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and during 2008 Nisha cyclone. The present study aims to develop a Coastal Vulnerability Index for the Chennai coast using eight relative risk variables to know the high and low vulnerable areas, areas of inundation due to future SLR, and land loss due to coastal erosion. Both conventional and remotely sensed data were used and analyzed with the aid of the remote sensing and geographic information system tools. Zones of vulnerability to coastal natural hazards of different magnitude (high, medium, and low) are identified and shown on a map. Coastal regional elevation, near-shore bathymetry, and socio-economic conditions have been considered as additional important variables. This study revealed that 11.01?km of the coastline has low vulnerability, 16.66?km has medium vulnerability, and 27.79?km is highly vulnerable in the study area, showing the majority of coastline is prone to erosion. The map prepared for the Chennai coast can be used by the state and district administration involved in the disaster mitigation and management plan and also as a tool in planning a new facility and for insurance purpose. 相似文献
18.
Assessing vulnerability is vital for developing new strategies and improving the existing ones to fulfill contemporary demands toward achieving a disaster-resilient society. Dammar Char is situated in the southeastern (SE) coastal region of Bangladesh that has experienced frequent coastal hazards and disasters throughout the year. The present study has constructed a vulnerability index utilizing the quantitative and qualitative data based on household surveys to evaluate the vulnerability of the people and community of Dammar Char. Data were collected from 180 respondents during November–December 2018. The results demonstrate that, on average, the people living in the studied area have a high vulnerability (value of the vulnerability index 0.7015) to coastal hazards and disasters. The vulnerability level differs from individual to individual based on their gender, educational status, financial capacity, structural strength of houses, perception of the respective hazards and disasters, etc. Females have experienced more vulnerability than their adult male counterparts. The natural vulnerability was higher than socioeconomic and physical vulnerability due to the increase in unpredictable extreme climate-induced coastal events. To combat the adverse impacts of coastal hazards and disasters, the local Dammar Char inhabitants have adopted several adaptation measures. The adapted measures are homestead gardening, working in seasonal day labor, fish drying, rearing sheep, and ducks, constructing plinths for elevating the floor of the house, extensive banana cultivation, and storage of dry foods to reduce their vulnerability.
相似文献19.
近年来我国海洋灾害损失及防灾减灾策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国是世界上海洋灾害最为严重的少数国家之一。近年来，由风暴潮、灾害性海浪、赤潮、海冰、海平面上升等海洋灾害带来的经济损失和人员伤亡越来越严重，其中，风暴潮是影响我国沿海地区最为严重的海洋灾害。通过建立海岸生态防护网、提高沿海地区防潮工程标准、开发海洋灾害监测和预报系统、实行海洋数据资料和信息共享等方法，降低海洋灾害发生的机率，减少海洋灾害损失。 相似文献
20.
Disasters in Viet Nam are discussed by compiling recent data on the geophysical and social environments, the frequency of disasters, and the values of human and financial losses in 1953–1991. Examinations of yearly frequency and damages caused by typhoons indicate a relatively increasing value of losses in spite of a constant or decreasing frequency in the decade of the 1980s, meaning inadequate prevention programs. The two successive typhoons in 1985 are described as the most catastrophic disaster for 100 years, in which high waves combined with high tides destroyed the dike system and flooded a large area in the central part of Viet Nam, which suggests some serious deficiencies in prevention efforts, especially in coastal areas. Disasters on the coast have been significant because of the rapid growth of the population in the low lands and the destruction of coastal environments, such as coastal erosion caused by a deforestation of mangroves and a short supply of sand. As an example, coastal erosion at Ha Nam Nimh province in the northern part of Viet Nam at an average receding speed of around 15 m/year is described. 相似文献