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胶东金矿床碳酸盐矿物的碳-氧和锶-钕同位素地球化学研究 总被引：16，自引：8，他引：16
对胶东四类金矿床(盆地边缘砾岩型、斑岩型-浅成热液型、石英脉型和破碎带蚀变岩型)矿石中的碳酸盐矿物开展了系统的碳-氧同位素和锶-钕同位素地球化学研究。研究结果表明，与宏观的成矿地质条件和矿床地质特征相对应，山东金矿床可能有亲岩浆岩和亲沉积盆地两个不同的成矿系统。前者包括斑岩型-浅成热液型、石英脉型和破碎带蚀变岩型三类金矿床，后者指盆地边缘砾岩型金矿床，二者具有不同的碳-氧和锶-钕同位素地球化学特征。山东亲岩浆岩系列的金矿床，其锶-钕同位素与同时代的幔源岩浆岩一致，碳同位素显示幔源碳和岩浆碳的特征，氧同位素则显示初生水与大气降水不同比例混合的可能性，因此有可能是以CO2为主、富合成矿金属的地幔流体与浅部下渗大气降水相互作用的结果。而与岩浆岩关系不密切、主要受盆地边缘断裂控制的盆地边缘砾岩型金矿床，其碳-氧和锶-钕同位素组成均较分散，可能主要与地壳浅部下渗大气降水对上地壳各种岩石淋滤萃取演化而成的成矿流体有关。 相似文献
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安徽铜陵桂花冲斑岩铜矿围岩蚀变与矿化作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桂花冲铜矿为安徽铜陵地区新发现的斑岩型铜矿,斑岩体为准铝质高钾钙碱性的花岗闪长斑岩。围岩蚀变与矿化作用是斑岩型矿床成矿过程研究的一项重要内容,对蚀变带岩石开展元素地球化学成分的迁移研究,是分析热液交代蚀变过程的基础。桂花冲铜矿区内围岩蚀变作用比较强烈,蚀变类型主要有钾化、绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等。蚀变分带比较明显,由内向外依次为钾化带、绢英岩化带和青磐岩化带,矿体主要产于绢英岩化带内。矿化蚀变自早至晚划分为钾长石、石英-绢云母、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐4个阶段。蚀变带物质组分迁移结果表明,在蚀变过程中,岩石的主量元素除TiO2、MnO、MgO外,其他元素迁移量发生了明显改变;微量元素除Sr和Cu外,迁移量变化较小,稀土元素在矿化强的部位亏损,在矿化弱的地带富集。岩体及蚀变带岩石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式一致,说明岩体与蚀变岩石经历了相同来源流体的交代蚀变,是岩浆流体连续作用的结果。 相似文献
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在前人研究的基础上,通过系统的野外考察,论证了位于赣东北德兴地区德乐中生代火山盆地中的德兴铜矿、银山银铜铅锌矿和金山金矿及蛤蟆石金矿属于同一成矿系统。德兴铜矿是典型的斑岩铜矿,成矿流体和金属元素主要来自岩浆;银山银铜铅锌矿是一个下部为斑岩铜矿、上部为浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿,成矿流体早期以岩浆为主,晚期有较多的大气降水参与,成矿物质主要来自岩浆;金山和蛤蟆石金矿是远接触带热液矿床,成矿流体为岩浆热液与大气降水的混合产物,金主要来自围岩——双桥山群浅变质岩。这3套矿床以中酸性花岗斑岩或石英斑岩（高钾钙碱质花岗岩）为核心具有明显的分带性,自中心向外或深部向浅部为：斑岩铜金钼矿、浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿和远接触带热液型金矿。这种矿床组合关系不同于已知的经典斑岩铜矿模型和斑岩铜矿一浅成低温热液金银矿床模型,因而,有必要提出一个新的模型：斑岩铜矿一浅成低温热液银铅锌矿一远接触带热液金矿模型。这套矿『末形成于中侏罗世,抑或是古太平洋俯冲板片局部重熔或撕裂重熔的产物,抑或是在活动大陆边缘岩浆弧后伸展带由地幔底侵的结果。 相似文献
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斑岩铜矿是主要的铜资源,是矿床研究和勘查的重要目标。斑岩铜矿按其与板块构造的关系可分为2种:俯冲带斑岩铜矿和碰撞造山带斑岩铜矿,它们在成矿流体方面有很多区别,其中较大的差别是碰撞造山带斑岩铜矿的钾化蚀变带比俯冲带斑岩铜矿的钾化蚀变带强得多,且范围也相对较宽。文章简述了这2种斑岩矿床的主要地质特征,着重从流体包裹体、蚀变作用和稳定同位素研究来探讨斑铜矿床成矿流体的主要特征,包括成矿流体的成分、形成温度和压力,氢、氧、碳和硫稳定同位素组成。这两种类型的斑岩铜矿中主要发育5种包裹体:M熔体包裹体;Ⅰ液体包裹体;Ⅱ气体包裹体;Ⅲ含子矿物的多相包裹体和CO2_H2O包裹体。Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类包裹体常共存,且均一温度相似,表明成矿流体经历了不混溶和沸腾作用。在Ⅲ类含子矿物的包裹体中发现了含金属硫化物(黄铜矿、黄铁矿)和氧化物(赤铁矿、磁铁矿)子矿物。在斑岩金矿和碰撞造山带的斑岩铜矿中出现CO2_H2O包裹体,在斑岩的斑晶和一些早期石英脉的石英中可见到熔体包裹体以及熔体_流体包裹体,它们代表斑岩岩浆的样品,说明斑岩铜矿的形成经历了岩浆和热液阶段。最近的研究表明,斑岩铜矿的初始流体是中等盐度和密度的岩浆流体。这种流体在上升过程中因压力释放而发生沸腾,形成气体包裹体和含子矿物的高盐度包裹体。 相似文献
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云南马厂箐矿田浅成低温热液-斑岩型Cu-Mo-Au多金属成矿系统 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
马厂箐Cu-Mo-Au多金属矿田位于西南三江复合造山带中段,是带内金多金属矿床的典型代表。矿田内矿化类型复杂,元素组合多样。围绕马厂箐富碱杂岩体矿化类型、元素组合、围岩蚀变呈明显的分带。在岩体中形成斑岩型铜-钼矿床;在岩体与地层内外接触带形成接触交代型(角岩型、夕卡岩型)铜-钼(铁)矿床;在岩体外围地层中形成浅成低温热液金-铅-锌矿床。对应的围岩蚀变表现为自岩体中心向外依次为强硅化带→石英钾长石化带→石英钾长石绢云母化带→夕卡岩化带→中低温热液蚀变。同位素测年结果表明3种类型的矿床成矿均发生于33.7～35.8Ma,金矿床略晚于铜-钼矿床,并与矿田内马厂箐杂岩体侵入时代(33～37Ma)一致。岩矿石的H、O、Pb、S同位素和流体包裹体系统研究表明,从斑岩型铜-钼矿床→接触交代型铜-钼(铁)矿床→浅成低温热液金-铅-锌矿床,矿石中流体包裹体均一温度、盐度和均一压力逐渐降低,成矿物质(矿质和流体)也逐渐从以深部岩浆源为主,演变为以围岩地层和大气降水为主。矿田内不同类型矿床间的时空及成因联系,反映它们是同源岩浆不同演化阶段成矿作用的产物,含矿热液的物化性质及时空迁移决定了它们在不同部位产出不同的矿床类型,构成与富碱斑岩有关的浅成低温热液-斑岩Cu-Mo-Au多金属成矿系统。 相似文献
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西藏驱龙超大型斑岩铜矿的成因：流体包裹体及H O同位素证据 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
与多数产于岩浆弧环境中的斑岩铜矿不同,西藏冈底斯带斑岩铜矿形成于碰撞造山环境,查明其形成过程有助于理解非岩浆弧环境中斑岩铜矿床的成因.为此,选择冈底斯带最大的斑岩铜矿--驱龙斑岩铜矿进行解剖,通过对矿床岩浆-热液过程形成的各类脉体详细的流体包裹体研究,以及不同蚀变阶段蚀变矿物的H-O同位素研究发现:引起矿床早期蚀变(钾硅酸盐化)与矿化的流体并非通常认为的高盐度岩浆热液,而是直接从岩浆房出溶的中等盐度(约9% NaCl)、近临界密度的高温(550～650℃)气相;气相近临界密度的特征表明,早期蚀变与矿化形成于较高的压力(105±15～90±20 MPa)条件下,用静岩压力估算,对应的古深度在4.2±0.6～3.6±0.8 km之间,成矿后(约16 Ma)矿区发生了至少3～3.5 km的剥蚀;与高盐度流体相比,中等盐度气相与熔体密度差较大,很难在斑岩体顶部聚集并集中释放,而连续释放则直接导致矿床含矿斑岩体与Cu、Mo矿体时空关系的解耦,并造就了矿床早期蚀变范围大、但强度弱,矿化范围大、但品位低的矿床地质特征;成矿物质的沉淀并非温度降低的结果,而是因压力降低及气相中S大量减少所致.总之,驱龙斑岩铜矿是一类成矿与低密度气相有关的斑岩铜矿类型,其蚀变-矿化特征及成矿过程与高盐度流体引发的斑岩矿床类型有所不同,意识到斑岩矿床蚀变及矿化特征与矿床成因的密切关系,对矿床勘查将具有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
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东天山铜成矿带是中亚成矿域的重要组成部分,发育土屋、延东大型铜矿,三岔口、玉海中型铜矿,赤湖、福兴、灵龙、玉带和四顶黑山等小型铜矿床。其中的斑岩铜矿带主要沿大南湖-头苏泉岛弧带近东西向展布,其成岩作用集中于志留纪和石炭纪,而成矿峰期为石炭纪。东天山斑岩铜矿带赋矿围岩包括火山岩、花岗岩和沉积岩,围岩蚀变主要有黑云母-磁铁矿化、绢英岩化和青磐岩化,钾化相对较弱。成矿岩体主要为中酸性钙碱性花岗岩,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有高Sr/Y比值,显示典型的岛弧岩浆岩和埃达克质特征。成矿流体早阶段发育大量含子晶的高盐度包裹体,为H2O-NaCl±CO2体系,氢氧硫同位素显示明显的岩浆热液特征。锶钕铪同位素表明成矿岩体具有新生地壳和亏损地幔混合来源。东天山斑岩铜矿带形成于古天山洋的多期次俯冲造山,因而具有多期叠加成矿的特征。石炭纪钙碱性岩浆岩是下一步找矿的主要目标,后期构造叠加可能导致富矿体的形成。 相似文献
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冬瓜山铜矿床是铜陵矿集区狮子山矿田中的主要矿床,对于该矿床中斑岩型成矿作用的研究缺乏。本文对冬瓜山矿床深部是否存在斑岩型矿体、斑岩型矿化特征及其与层状矽卡岩型矿化的关系等问题开展研究。冬瓜山矿床深部具有斑岩型矿化的蚀变类型和蚀变分带特征,矿化可分为钾硅酸盐阶段和石英硫化物阶段两个成矿阶段,斑岩型蚀变分带在空间上向外与矽卡岩化带过渡。斑岩型矿化的石英闪长岩形成年龄为140 Ma,与上部层状矽卡岩型矿化相关的石英/辉石二长闪长岩应为同期闪长质岩浆形成。深部斑岩型矿化的成矿流体具有由高温向中温演化的特点,与浅部层状矽卡岩型矿化的成矿流体具有相似的演化趋势,二者的成矿流体应该为一个热液系统,深部岩体内部流体演化形成斑岩型矿化,而接触带部位流体演化形成矽卡岩型矿化。 相似文献
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再论德兴斑岩铜矿成矿物质来源 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文从德兴斑岩体岩石化学、流体包裹体、Ｓr同位素的研究出发,谁了铜厂成矿体系斑岩 内在性地成矿物质运移、聚集的控制作用。结果表明,浅侵位岩浆能产生大量的热液流体。并由中高温高盐度岩浆流体携带铜等成矿物质从深部向上部及边部迁移、聚集,在斑岩体顶部及接触带中、上部沉淀成矿。进上步的研究又支持了德兴斑岩铜矿的正岩浆成因。 相似文献
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Omai is a high tonnage, low-grade, world-class gold deposit located in the Paleoproterozoic Guiana Shield. It is the second
most important gold deposit in the Guiana Shield (after Las Cristinas, Venezuela), and one of the largest in South America
(4.0 million oz.). Sm-Nd and Sr isotope data are presented for host rocks and for scheelite from auriferous quartz-carbonate-scheelite-sulfide-telluride
veins from the Omai deposit. Gold-bearing veins are hosted by the Paleoproterozoic Barama-Mazaruni Supergroup, a greenstone
belt sequence consisting of mafic volcanic rocks interbedded with sedimentary rocks that are intruded by quartz-feldspar porphyry
and rhyolite dikes. This lithologic sequence was folded and metamorphosed to lower greenschist facies during the Paleoproterozoic
Trans-Amazonian orogeny. The volcano-sedimentary unit was intruded by a post-tectonic quartz monzodiorite-diorite-hornblendite
stock. Initial Nd isotope ratios for the Omai volcanic rocks range from ɛNd=+2.1 to +4.2. These values suggest that this part of the Guiana Shield was a site of new crust formation during the Paleoproterozoic
and was not contaminated by older (Archean), reworked continental crust. Initial Nd isotope ratios for the Omai stock range
between +0.5 and +2.3, which suggest limited contamination with previously formed continental crust. Although the Nd isotopic
ratios of gold-related scheelites overlap with those of the host rocks, particularly the tholeiitic basalts at the interpreted
time of vein emplacement, the lack of both isotopic mixing and significant Nd movement during the hydrothermal process suggest
that the Nd isotope composition can be used to determine the isotopic characteristics of the ore fluid source area. At Omai,
the ore fluid is largely derived from a radiogenic Nd source, represented by mantle or lower crustal reservoirs. Strontium
isotope ratios for the scheelites cluster tightly between 0.7019 and 0.7021. The Sr isotope data suggest that unlike Nd, Sr
was significantly mobile during the hydrothermal process. The fluids responsible for the Omai deposit may have picked up Sr
along the flow path. The constant low Sr isotope values of scheelites probably reflect the key role that the local tholeiitic
basalts played as the main source of Sr in the fluids. Whereas Nd isotopes identify the fluid source area, the Sr isotopes
map the fluid flow paths.
Received: 11 February 1999 / Accepted: 1 November 1999 相似文献
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Hydrothermal Alteration and Mineralization of Middle Jurassic Dexing Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Southeast China 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
The Dexing deposit is located in a NE‐trending magmatic belt along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Craton. It is the largest porphyry copper deposit in China, consisting of three porphyry copper orebodies of Zhushahong, Tongchang and Fujiawu from northwest to southeast. It contains 1168 Mt of ores with 0.5% Cu and 0.01% Mo. The Dexing deposit is hosted by Middle Jurassic granodiorite porphyries and pelitic schist of Proterozoic age. The Tongchang granodiorite porphyry has a medium K cal‐alkaline series, with medium K2O content (1.94–2.07 wt%), and low K2O/(Na2O + K2O) (0.33–0.84) ratios. They have high large‐ion lithophile elements, high light rare‐earth elements, and low high‐field‐strength elements. The hydrothermal alteration at Tongchang is divided into four alteration mineral assemblages and related vein systems. They are early K‐feldspar alteration and A vein; transitional (chlorite + illite) alteration and B vein; late phyllic (quartz + muscovite) alteration and D vein; and latest carbonate, sulfate and oxide alteration and hematite veins. Primary fluid inclusions in quartz from phyllic alteration assemblage include liquid‐rich (type 1), vapor‐rich (type 2) and halite‐bearing ones (type 3). These provide trapping pressures of 20–400 ´ 105 Pa of fluids responsible for the formation of D veins. Igneous biotite from least altered granochiorite porphyry and hydrothermal muscovite in mineralized granodiorite porphyry possess δ18O and δD values of 4.6‰ and ?87‰ for biotite and 7.1–8.9‰, ?71 to ?73‰ for muscovite. Stable isotopic composition of the hydrothermal water suggests a magmatic origin. The carbon and oxygen isotope for hydrothermal calcite are ?4.8 to ?6.2‰ and 6.8–18.8‰, respectively. The δ34S of pyrite in quartz vein ranges from ?0.1 to 3‰, whereas δ34S for chalcopyrite in calcite veins ranges from 4 to 5‰. These are similar to the results of previous studies, and suggest a magmatic origin for sulfur. Results from alteration assemblages and vein system observation, as well as geochemical, fluid inclusion, stable isotope studies indicate that the involvement of hydrothermal fluids exsolved from a crystallizing melt are responsible for the formation of Tongchang porphyry Cu‐Mo orebodies in Dexing porphyry deposit. 相似文献
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YUAN Shunda ;PENG Jiantang ;HU Ruizhong ;BI Xianwu ;QI Liang ;LI Zhaoli ;LI Xiaomin ;SHUANG Yan 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(4):342-350
In this paper the authors present the REE concentrations and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of fluorites from the Bailashui tin deposit of the Furong ore field, southern Hunan Province. The results showed that the total amount of REE in fluorites is usually low, ranging from 0.705 to 8.785 μg/g with the chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns similar to those of the Qitianling granites in the study area, characterized by LREE-enrichment patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The fluorites vary in Sr isotopic composition within the range of 0.7083-0.7091, the values are lower than those of the granites and higher than those of the host carbonate rocks in this area. The εNd（t） values of fluorites vary between -9.4 and ＋10.3, revealing that both the crust- and mantle-source materials were involved in the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids. Combined with previous studies on this ore deposit, the Bailashui tin deposit is temporally and spatially closely related with granitic magmatism in this area. The hydrothermal fluorites are the product of fluid/rock interactions between granitic magmatic hydrothermal fluid and marine carbonate rocks. The REE and F in the ore-forming fluid were derived from the granites, whereas Sr in the ore-forming fluid came mainly from the granitic magmatic hydrothermal fluid and marine carbonate rocks, although variations in Sr isotopic composition cannot be explained by a simple mixture of these two end-members. Evidence demonstrated that the ore-forming fluids are of crustal-mantle mixing origin, but that the fluids were probably incompletely homogenized and this may be caused by inhomogeneous mixing of the fluids of different sources. 相似文献
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德兴斑岩铜矿成矿热液来源及其演化——花岗闪长斑岩的氧同位素制约 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
作者研究了德兴铜厂花岗闪长斑岩的氧同位素组成特征在垂直方向上的变化规律,及蚀变作用对花岗闪长斑岩全岩和单矿物氧同位素组成的影响。结果表明,从地表到深部,花岗闪长斑岩全岩和长石单矿物的δ＾１８Ｏ值总体上有逐渐降低的趋势,反映花岗闪长斑岩受到已演化的大气降水水－岩氧同位素交换作用的影响。水－岩交换作用对花岗闪长斑岩氧同位素组成的影响在浅部和深部是不同的,这主要受控于水－岩交换温度和交换水的初始氧同位素组成等因素。石英的氧同位素组成及变化特征不同于全岩和长石,其值与岩石的蚀变作用有关从花岗闪长斑岩的氧同位煮组成及其变化规律可以推论,由大气降水演化为德兴斑岩铜矿成矿热液是可能的。 相似文献
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Luis E. Ramírez Miguel A. Parada Carlos Palacios Jens Wittenbrink 《Resource Geology》2008,58(2):124-142
The Mantos Blancos copper deposit (500 Mt at 1.0% Cu) was affected by two superimposed hydrothermal events: (i) phyllic alteration related to a rhyolitic dome emplacement and brecciation at ca 155 Ma; and (ii) potassic, sodic and propylitic alteration at ca 142 Ma, coeval with stocks and sills emplacement of dioritic and granodioritic porphyries, that locally grade upwards into polymictic magmatic hydrothermal breccias. Major hypogene copper sulfide mineralization is related to the second event. A late‐ore mafic dike swarm cross‐cuts all rocks in the deposit. Two types of granodioritic porphyries can be distinguished from petrographic observations and geochemical data: granodiorite porphyry I (GP I) and granodiorite porphyry II (GP II), which resulted from two different trends of magmatic evolution. The concave shape of the rare earth element (REE) distribution pattern together with the weak or absence of negative Eu anomalies in mafic dikes, dioritic and GP I porphyries, suggest hornblende‐dominated fractionation for this magmatic suite. In contrast, distinct negative Eu anomalies and the flat REE patterns suggest plagioclase‐dominated fractionation, at low oxygen fugacity, for the GP II porphyry suite. But shallow mixing and mingling between silicic and dioritic melts are also likely for the formation of the GP II and polymictic breccias, respectively. Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the rhyolitic dome rocks were generated from a dominantly crustal source, while the GP I has mantle affinity. The composition of melt inclusions (MI) in quartz crystals from the rhyolitic dome is similar to the bulk composition of their host rock. The MI analyzed in quartz from GP II and in the polymictic magmatic hydrothermal breccia of the deposit are compositionally more evolved than their host rocks. Field, geochemical and petrographic data provided here point to dioritic and siliceous melt interaction as an inducing mechanism for the release of hydrothermal fluids to form the Cu mineralization. 相似文献
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Massimo Chiaradia Dave Banks Robert Cliff Robert Marschik Antoine de Haller 《Mineralium Deposita》2006,41(6):565-573
The origin of the hypersaline fluids (magmatic or basinal brine?), associated with iron oxide (Cu–U–Au–REE) deposits, is controversial. We report the first chlorine and strontium isotope data combined with Cl/Br ratios of fluid inclusions from selected iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits (Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, Sossego), a deposit considered to represent a magmatic end member of the IOCG class of deposit (Gameleira), and a magnetite–apatite deposit (El Romeral) from South America. Our data indicate mixing of a high δ 37Cl magmatic fluid with near 0‰ δ 37Cl basinal brines in the Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, and Sossego IOCG deposits and leaching of a few weight percent of evaporites by magmatic-hydrothermal (?) fluids at Gameleira and El Romeral. The Sr isotopic composition of the inclusion fluids of Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, and El Romeral confirms the presence of a non-magmatic fluid component in these deposits. The heavy chlorine isotope signatures of fluids from the IOCG deposits (Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, Sossego), reflecting the magmatic-hydrothermal component of these fluids, contrast with the near 0‰ δ 37Cl values of porphyry copper fluids known from the literature. The heavy chlorine isotope compositions of fluids of the investigated IOCG deposits may indicate a prevailing mantle Cl component in contrast to porphyry copper fluids, an argument also supported by Os isotopes, or could result from differential Cl isotope fractionation processes (e.g. phase separation) in fluids of IOCG and porphyry Cu deposits. 相似文献