共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 131 毫秒
1.
堰塞坝是由于崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等形成的天然坝体,不同于人工土石坝,堰塞坝坝体结构松散,颗粒级配不均匀,在较高水头作用下坝体可能发生渗透破坏而导致溃坝,严重威胁下游人民群众的生命及财产安全。由于堰塞坝存在较大粒径颗粒,常规的渗透试验装置难以满足要求,本文研制了直径为60cm的大直径渗透试验仪,进行了不同堰塞坝级配材料的渗透破坏试验,并探讨了堰塞坝体材料渗透特性的主要影响因素。研究发现:（1）堰塞坝材料的渗透破坏形式取决于材料级配,粗颗粒含量较多时为管涌破坏,细颗粒含量较多或粒径缺失时为流土破坏;（2）堰塞坝渗透系数随干密度的增大而减小,主要取决于细料填充粗料孔隙的程度,单独使用不均匀系数或曲率系数不适用于评价渗透系数的变化;（3）基于试验数据提出了用于堰塞坝渗流破坏形式的判别公式,并推导出堰塞坝管涌破坏的临界水力坡降计算公式。 相似文献
2.
目前砾石土被广泛地用作高土石坝中的防渗体,国内已建成的187 m高的瀑布沟堆石坝就是用它作心墙的防渗材料。介绍了瀑布沟心墙土料的渗透稳定试验结果,并论述了确定砾石土渗透稳定性能的的主要因素是细粒含量,提出了确定粗、细粒料的区分粒径、计算最优细料含量以及用细料含量判别渗透稳定性的方法。试验结果表明,工程中常以小于5 mm粒径含量不小于35%、小于0.1 mm的粒径含量不小于18%,以判别砾石土能否作为高土石坝防渗体的标准是可行的,无需另外要求小于0.005 mm的粒径含量大于10%。 相似文献
3.
细粒含量判别法是无黏性粗粒土渗透变形类型主要判别方法,但细粒含量Pc25%渗透变形类型为流土和过渡的碎砾石,其渗透变形类型不符合细粒含量判别准则.通过对46个工程310个试样(其中Pc25%的试样数214个),渗透变形试验结果统计分析发现,该类土虽然仅占同级配段(Pc25%)比例为6.1%,但其颗粒级配曲线均具有独特特征,即各粒径级颗粒含量均较均匀,即Cu均大于5,Cc多数为1.0~3.0之间,即该类土大多数为优良级配,进一步分析发现其D15/d85之比均小于等于5,进而提出用D15/d85≤5作为判别该类土的方法. 相似文献
4.
目前还未建立适用于粗粒土渗透及渗透变形试验的缩尺方法,遵循缩尺前后粒径小于d30（颗粒级配中质量百分含量30%所对应的颗粒粒径）以及粒径小于5 mm的颗粒含量及组成不变的原则,基于等量替代法,提出了一种粗粒土渗透及渗透变形试验缩尺方法：如果原级配中5 mm以下的颗粒含量大于等于30%,则根据试样允许最大粒径以下的大于5 mm的各粒组含量,按比例等质量替换超粒径颗粒;如果原级配中5 mm以下的颗粒含量小于30%,则根据试样允许最大粒径以下的大于d30的各粒组含量,按比例等质量替换超粒径颗粒。利用多组粗粒土渗透及渗透变形试验,论证了缩尺方法的可靠性。研究表明：提出的缩尺方法合理可行。缩尺后,土体渗透破坏型式未发生变化,渗透系数与原级配比较接近,渗透变形临界坡降和破坏坡降与原级配基本一致,缩尺级配的渗透及渗透稳定特性能够较好地反映原级配的渗透及渗透稳定特性。 相似文献
5.
利用自行研制的可提供高水压、高应力的粗粒土大型高压渗透仪,对双江口砾石土心墙堆石坝防渗料和反滤料进行了联合抗渗试验,研究不同应力状态下防渗料和反滤料的渗透变形特性。结果表明：（1）单向压缩条件下,防渗料的渗透系数随应力的增加而减小,且渗流稳定时的渗透系数与应力的关系满足Louis负指数方程;试样发生破坏的临界坡降随应力的增加而增大。（2）水平加荷、竖向自由变形条件下,试样的渗透系数随水平应力的增加先减小后增大。试样发生破坏的临界坡降随水平应力的增加先增大后减小。在达到峰值之前,反滤料越松或越细,临界坡降随水平应力增大的幅度越大;在达到峰值之后,反滤料越密或越细,临界坡降随应力减小的幅度越大。 相似文献
6.
尺寸效应及边壁效应是粗粒土渗透试验中的常见问题。采用一系列渗透试验,研究了粗粒料渗透试验的尺寸效应规律,提出了渗透仪尺寸的选择原则,即渗透仪直径与试验材料d85之比值不宜小于6;研究了不同的超径颗粒处理方法对渗透试验成果的影响,分析表明,对超径颗粒可以适度采用等量替代法,不宜采用相似级配法;研究了仪器护壁处理厚度对仪器边壁处理效果的影响,提出了确定护壁处理厚度的建议。 相似文献
7.
分散土遇水分散的特性是造成分散土地区堤坝、渠道边坡、道路边坡被冲蚀和管涌破坏等的重要原因,开展土体分散性判别工作是分散土地区进行工程建设的重要前提。首先通过针孔试验、碎块试验等对分散土进行判别,随后基于扫描电镜、X衍射等试验,研究分散土的分散机制及微观结构,分析土体分散的主次要影响因素。针对标准吸湿含水率与土体矿物成分蒙脱石含量具有较强线性关系的情况,大数据总结典型分散性黏土的蒙脱石含量与pH值分布特点,提出基于标准吸湿含水率+p H值测试的土体分散性的综合判别法,并给出相应的判别指标及判别程序,最后采用工程实例进行了验证。结果表明：具有一定的蒙脱石含量以及较高的p H值赋存环境是土体具备分散性的物质基础和环境保障;若土体中的蒙脱石含量≥10%且pH≥8.5,则可判断为分散土;不在此区间的土料仍需采用土的分散性判别方法及野外调查结果来综合判断土的分散性。 相似文献
8.
粗粒土作为土和块石的介质耦合体,具有非均质性、非连续性及试样的难以采集性等内在的独特性质,从而给研究带来极大的困难。粗粒土属于典型的多孔介质,其渗透特性与砾石的百分含量关系密切。利用自制的常水头渗透仪,测定了不同含砾量时粗粒土渗透系数值,研究发现含砾量与粗粒土渗透系数之间存在指数关系。在工程设计中可以通过合理调整粗粒土砾石的含量,达到控制其渗透性能的目的。基于幂平均法,提出了粗粒土复合渗透系数的计算公式,并通过试验结果验证了该式的正确性,为粗粒土渗透系数的理论计算提供了一个简明实用的计算工具。 相似文献
9.
对管涌和滤层两个相关联问题的研究发展过程进行了综述和评论,并将过去的研究成果与之比较。管涌问题是土体渗透变形的一个重要现象,关系到地基的渗流破坏。首先探讨了管涌的内在涵义,评述了当今管涌的研究现状及其发展方向,然后介绍了一些过去的试验资料、研究成果和计算公式,包括管涌土与非管涌土的判别方法,垂直向上渗流和水平渗流时的管涌临界坡降,并引用目前文献中的试验资料验证其公式是可靠的,最后说明了建立在土颗粒级配曲线上的管涌研究方法是当前的研究趋势,因而对这些过去的研究成果进行比较、讨论是有益的。 相似文献
10.
不均匀系数法判别无黏性粗粒土渗透变形类型,至今仍被众多学者和技术人员推荐和应用,为验证该法的适宜性,采用试验验证、其他方法印证和理论分析相结合的方法,对收集的43个工程313个试样的渗透变形试验成果进行统计分析研究。结果表明,B.C伊斯托明娜的不均匀系数法三准则中,只有第3条准则是适合的,第1、2条准则均是不适合的,其中第1准则的判断结果甚至和实际试验结果截然相反。因而可以确认,B.C伊斯托明娜的不均匀系数法整体上不适合无黏性碎砾石的渗透变形类型的判别。 相似文献
11.
土体的渗透稳定性是指在渗流条件下宽级配土体内粗颗粒阻止细颗粒流失的能力,土体的渗透稳定性受几何条件、水力条件和物理条件的影响。从几何条件出发,通过对收集的167种土的室内渗透侵蚀试验结果的分析,基于对土体渗透稳定性控制变量地研究,将土分成良好级配土和间断级配土两大类;基于细粒（小于0.063 mm）含量的不同,将每类土又细分为3类,针对不同细类土提出了不同的渗透稳定性几何判定准则。从水力条件出发,研究了应力状态对土体渗透侵蚀起动及破坏水力梯度的影响。试验结果表明,起动水力梯度和破坏水力梯度都随着围压的增大而增大,是由于增大围压使得颗粒间的摩擦力增大的结果。 相似文献
12.
Internal instability is a phenomenon of fine particle redistribution in granular materials under the seepage action and consequent change in the soil’s internal structure and hydraulic and mechanical properties. It is one of the primary causes of failures of sand-gravel foundations and embankment dams. The criteria establishment is considered the key to solving the erosion problems, so the existing internal stability criteria need a review and classification to study the recent development trends in soil seepage and erosion. Therefore, this paper aims at reviewing the internal stability factors of gap-graded soil with a focus on the internal erosion mechanism and internal stability evaluation based on geometric and hydraulic criteria. Firstly, the paper compared the effect of several commonly used geometric criteria for gap-graded soil evaluation, such as particle size, fine content, void ratio, and fractal dimension. Furthermore, it provided a hydraulic criteria overview and analyzed the effects of the hydraulic gradient, hydraulic shear stress, confining pressure, and pore velocity on internal erosion. The geometric–hydraulic coupling methods were introduced, with a detailed elaboration of the erosion resistance index method based on accumulated dissipated energy. The capabilities and limitations of these criteria were discussed throughout the paper. It was found that combined Kezdi’s criterion and Kenney and Lau’s criterion is more reliable to evaluate internal stability of soil. The gap-graded soil with fine particle content higher than 35% is not necessarily internally stable. Finally, the energy-based method (erosion resistance index method) can effectively reproduce the total amount of erosion mass and the final spatial distribution of fine particles and identifies erosion. The review's outcome can be used as a basis to evaluate the internal erosion risk for gap-graded soils. The evaluation methods discussed here can help identify the zones of relatively high erosion potential. 相似文献
13.
In this work, 3D discrete element method modeling of drained shearing tests with gap-graded soils after internal erosion is carried out based on published experimental results. The erosion in the model is achieved by randomly deleting fine particles, mimicking the salt dissolving process in the experiments. The present model successfully simulates the stress–strain behavior of the physical test by employing the roll resistance and lateral membrane. The case without erosion shows a strain-softening and dilative response, while strain-hardening and contractive response starts to occur as the degree of erosion increases. The dilative to contractive transition is mainly caused by the increase in void ratio due to the loss of fine particles. The change from dilative behavior to contractive behavior is more abrupt for the specimen with larger fine particle percentage because the soil skeleton is mainly controlled by the fine particles instead of by the coarse soil particles. The transition from “fines in sand” to “sand in fines” might be associated with the rapid increasing in the contacts associated with fine particles in the specimen as the percentage of fine content increases. The erosion scenario based on the hydraulic gradient is also modeled by deleting the fine particles based on the ranking of the contact force. Compared with the scenario based on random deletion, the remaining fine particles for the erosion scenario based on the ranking of contact force are more dispersedly distributed, which might benefit the small strain stiffness but result in a smaller strength. This work provides some insights for better understanding the mechanism behind the internal erosion and the associated stress–strain behavior of soil. The gradient of the critical state line increases with more loss of fine particles denoting that the fine particles are helpful for holding the structure of the soils from larger deformation. 相似文献
14.
Dispersive soils have become common materials for the construction industry. Highly susceptible to internal erosion and piping, dispersive soils must only be used with specific engineering measure in order to avoid failures that were often catastrophic. In an earth dam, clayey soils are used for the core and sandy materials are used for the filter to retain the eroded core soils and prevent their migration. In the absence of first-rate core material, dispersive soils have been used instead. This paper provides a review of the current knowledge and experiences regarding filtration of core soils, particularly the dispersive ones. The engineering problems associated with the use of dispersive soils are discussed and significant findings from previous studies on protective filters are summarized. It is worthy to note that the current review considers both, the conventional, rather empirical filter design criteria based on particle sizes and the current, quite theoretical state-of-the-art filter design criteria based on constriction sizes, with discussion given on the advantages and disadvantages of both. The information provided by this review should be handy for the study, design, construction, and operation of related geotechnical and geo-environmental projects. 相似文献
15.
一些土石坝在建成后后期变形明显,这与粗粒土的流变密切相关。目前,粗粒土流变研究主要集中在力学性质试验和本构模型研究等方面,较少对粗粒土流变中的颗粒运动规律进行研究。通过单级配矾石CT三轴流变试验,研究了粗粒土流变过程中颗粒运动规律。试验结果表明,粗粒土的流变过程就是粗粒土颗粒位置相互调整的过程,即颗粒从不稳定结构状态向稳定结构状态调整变化的过程,直到所有颗粒的能量都达到最小状态,此时颗粒不再发生错动、转动和破碎,粗粒土达到流变稳定状态。对粗粒土三轴流变过程中颗粒运动规律的认识,有助于加深对粗粒土流变性质的了解,为工程应用提供参考。 相似文献
16.
The effectiveness of filters to counteract internal erosion in earth structures is particularly related to their ability to capture fine particles moving under seepage flow through the porous material. More precisely, fine particles are likely to be trapped by the narrowest paths between pores: the constrictions. This paper proposes a methodology to compute the constriction size distribution of model granular filters taking into account the relative density of the material. The approach is based upon probabilistic methods which adopt stated simple geometric packing arrangements to represent the solid structure in the extreme density states. Two new models are proposed for the design of the constriction size distribution according to the type of filter grading: continuously graded or gap-graded materials. The models require the usual material characteristics: the grading curve, and the minimum and maximum void ratios for this material. Calibrated on the basis of statistical analyses over numerical assemblies of spheres generated by a discrete element method, the proposed new models constitute a promising tool to significantly improve the modeling of filtration processes in granular materials. 相似文献
18.
A numerical approach for simulating piping erosion is proposed based on an auto-adaptive moving mesh. This approach adapts a flownet mesh (FM) to discretize the domain. It reduces the simulation of two-dimensional transport of moving particles to one-dimensional problem by taking advantages of flow tube concept. Furthermore, it employs a stepwise procedure to decouple the solid-liquid interaction equations for modeling piping erosion. Specifically, the FM is updated and evolved automatically in accordance to simulated erosion since the flownet is refined in high-velocity regions, where the piping erosion progresses. Therefore, the FM is auto-adaptive to the piping erosion paths. 相似文献
19.
Filters managed in zoned dams are designed according to criteria based on the grain size distribution of both filter and eroded soil. However, the constriction size distribution of the filter is the key parameter which governs the filter retention process of flowing eroded particles. To assess the filter efficiency regarding eroded particles, several filters and base soils are tested in a vertical cell with a configuration coupling erosion and filtration processes. For setting the boundary condition of eroded particles at the filter inlet, hole erosion test (HET) was performed on the base soil. The investigation of the evolution of filter behavior shows that the void ratio and the grain shape are of a great influence on filter efficiency. A new approach of filter clogging was proposed by evaluating a damage index which is affected by various parameters such as the ratio D15/d85 and the size of eroded particles. An approach linking the geometrical parameters (damage index) to the hydraulic conductivity leads to an estimation of the filter performance which provides a more quantifiable and realistic criterion. The results indicate that even existing criteria were not met; the tested filters remain efficient as regards to experimental data. An analytical approach based on constrictions size distribution was used and pore reduction was matched with experimental results. 相似文献
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