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工作面长度的增加是导致采场矿压强度增加的原因之一。通过相似模拟试验证明了覆岩能破断成梯形台形态,并指出了梯形台形成机制及梯形台的参数计算原理。利用梯形台分析了工作面长度对覆岩破断规律的影响,指出了梯形台与关键层理论的关系。基于薄板理论推导了岩层破断步距的计算公式,分析了工作面长度对梯形台空间结构演化及采场矿压显现特征的影响。结果表明：由于覆岩按梯形台破断,工作面长度较短时,加载层厚度较小,来压强度小。对比研究了赵庄2号井1305大采高工作面（工作面长度为85 m）和1302大采高工作面（工作面长度为180 m）矿压特征。结果表明：1305工作面基于梯形台和薄板理论进行选型计算,支架计算工作阻力为4 738 kN,现场选用额定阻力5 500 kN能够满足顶板控制的要求;1302工作面基于梁理论进行选型计算,支架计算工作阻力为7 623 kN,现场需选用额定阻力7 800 kN才能满足顶板控制的要求。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(9):2693-2700
为了进一步完善典型浅埋煤层长壁开采覆岩运动与控制理论,以神东矿区22616工作面为工程背景,采用试验模拟、理论分析与现场应用相结合的方法,研究典型浅埋煤层长壁开采老顶破断特征及地表砂土层载荷传递效应,提出采场支架合理工作阻力计算方法,并成功应用于工程实践。研究结果表明:浅埋采场老顶滑落失稳瞬间,动载显现剧烈,覆岩台阶下沉明显,砂土柱间的摩擦作用导致地表砂土层载荷存在一定的传递效应,并非以其全部自重作用于基岩老顶。基于这一特性,引入岩柱法修正老顶结构经典力学模型参数,改进浅埋采场来压顶板支护力数学模型。理论计算采场初次来压控顶支架最大工作阻力为10 506.8 kN/架,周期来压控顶支架最大工作阻力为7 475.26 kN/架,均与现场观测数据较为吻合,采场ZY11000/24/50型液压支架刚好满足控顶要求,保障了工作面安全、高效开采,为典型浅埋煤层长壁开采工作面支架工作阻力确定及选型提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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工作面上覆坚硬顶板往往不易垮落,破断后易形成动压灾害。以神东矿区布尔台煤矿为背景,针对典型坚硬顶板造成的强矿压动力灾害问题,采用数值模拟、理论分析的方法分析并揭示坚硬顶板弱化前后的应力演化特征及顶板破断机理,提出超前区域防治技术并应用于现场实践。结果表明:坚硬顶板破断演化特征分为3个阶段,即“长悬臂梁”阶段—“砌体梁滑落失稳”阶段—重新压实阶段,其中“长悬臂梁”阶段支架上方顶板应力显著增大至6.8 MPa,破断前支架上方顶板应力为破断后的2倍,其临界破断产生的应力释放是引起强矿压的根本原因,这也是弱化改造控制的主要阶段。基于坚硬顶板灾害发生机理,提出“广域大空间”超前区域防治技术,阐述了绿色、精准、广域的防治优势,以及钻孔轨迹控制、封孔质量控制、多孔联动效应的关键技术及治理评价体系。结合数值模拟进一步验证防治技术的可靠性,当“长悬臂梁”结构弱化后,其破断前支架上方顶板应力为4.6 MPa,降幅32.4%,顶板破断演化特征3个阶段演变为来压前阶段—“砌体梁滑落失稳”阶段—重新压实阶段,弱化后顶板各阶段支架上方顶板应力降幅达到32.4%~79.4%,表明预成裂隙弱面和降低坚硬层完整性能够有效改变顶板破断结构,显著降低来压强度。实践表明:压裂过程产生多次压降,降幅均达到3 MPa以上,探测裂缝发育长度达到30 m以上,压裂前后工作面周期来压步距降幅44.9%,支架来压载荷降幅18.1%,治理效果良好。研究结果可为类似矿区动力灾害治理提供借鉴。 相似文献
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以顾桥矿工程实践为基础,结合物理模拟实验和现场监测结果,研究了厚表土层深井卸压开采地面钻井变形破坏及其预防。结果表明:钻井破坏是地面卸压瓦斯抽采失败的关键,采动影响下地面瓦斯抽采井破坏以变形和错断为主,破坏深度不一,主要集中在松散层中下部和基岩中上部;在钻井完好情况下,将钻井终孔位置布置于断层附近、“O”型圈范围内更有利于卸压瓦斯抽采。采动引起的上覆岩层离层、应力集中、竖向破断以及厚表土层“杠杆效应”造成地面瓦斯抽采井破坏,其由下至上多次出现是导致地面井多处变形破坏的主要原因。煤层采动对工作面前方巷帮应力、顶板应力的影响范围分别可达320 m、350 m,对轨顺相对位移影响范围可达工作面前方50m和后方200m,采场中部覆岩与地表之间的相对位移量远大于采场边缘附近,更容易导致井孔破坏。采用“抗”和“让”相结合的井身结构、“上止下泄”固井–完井施工工艺以及合理的井位布置等措施,可有效防止卸压开采地面钻井变形破坏,实现瓦斯稳定高效抽采。 相似文献
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煤炭开采活动导致的煤层顶板覆岩地质条件变化及采动裂隙发育是损害地下关键含水层的直接原因,也是造成矿区生态环境退化的根源。煤层顶板覆岩结构中发育的厚砂岩作为一种典型的地质条件,其对覆岩采动裂隙的发育规律具有重要的影响。为此,在分析研究区主采煤层赋存地质条件及其分布规律的基础上,选择陕北煤炭开采区曹家滩煤矿主采2?2煤层顶板覆岩为地质原型,采用FLAC3D数值模拟平台模拟分析了厚砂岩不同厚度和位置对覆岩采动裂隙发育形态和发育高度的影响,并以此提出了相应的“采煤保水”建议。结果表明:研究区2?2煤层顶板覆岩中厚砂岩平均厚度25 m,距2?2煤层平均间距76 m;厚砂岩距煤层30 m时,覆岩采动裂隙表现为“矩形—L形—马鞍形”的动态变化特征,距煤层70 m时表现为“L形—倒梯形—马鞍形”变化特征,距煤层大于95 m时全程表现为“马鞍形”特征;覆岩采动裂隙最大发育高度随厚砂岩层位的升高而先减小后增大;厚砂岩厚度H≥30 m、距煤层间距L>95 m,或H≥60 m、L>60 m时,可有效阻挡采动裂隙向上发育贯穿厚砂岩;在充分考虑厚砂岩对覆岩采动裂隙发育规律的影响,选择合适的空间位置和开采阶段进行合理的覆岩减损和保水防治,实现“边采边治、边采边护”的绿色开采模式。该研究成果可为黄河流域中游陕北煤矿区煤炭开采与生态环境保护协调发展提供理论指导。 相似文献
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新集二矿1306工作面矿井涌水量研究与防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据新集二矿1306工作面地质与水文地质资料，以及邻近1307工作面开采的相关资料，开展了1306工作面煤层开采覆岩地质破坏特征与矿井涌水量预测的研究，获得了13-1煤层采动对顶板覆岩产生的变形及破坏状况，1306工作面开采时得预计涌水量。以此为依据，全面制定了1306工作面开采的综合防治水措施。 相似文献
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硬厚覆岩的破断与结构将发生显著的变化。针对汝箕沟煤矿二2煤层上覆厚层石英砂岩条件,采用现场实测、数值模拟、理论分析及现场试验等方法,研究了硬厚覆岩裂隙发育特征、破断运动、矿压显现特征及断顶控制技术,为硬厚覆岩工作面灾害防治提供了依据。研究表明,硬厚石英砂岩的微观结构致密完整,呈现大面积悬空、大步距破断运动,引起强烈的支架动载,甚至导致工作面风流逆转、沟通上部采空区隐形火区;硬厚岩层破断运移后产生明显的离层空间,并在开切眼上部和工作面上部及采空区中部形成覆岩主裂隙带,且发育高度大于经验计算数值,甚至与上方采空区沟通诱发灾害;实施开切眼深孔断顶爆破及降低工作面采高,有效缩短了硬厚岩层的初次破断步距,降低了支架动载及主裂隙带高度。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2020,(Z1)
为研究综放工作面覆岩运动、破断特征及矿压演化规律,依托崔木煤矿302工作面,建立综放工作面开采相似材料模型,观测煤层综放开采过程中顶板的破断特征和矿压显现规律,根据试验结果建立综放基本顶煤壁处断裂的力学分析模型,推导出拉破断临界支护强度计算公式,研究基本顶抗拉强度、作用荷载和顶板厚度对拉破断临界支护强度的影响,形成了综放工作面煤壁处断裂的力学判据,分析崔木煤矿302综放工作面液压支架的支护效果。结果表明,(1)综放工作面推进过程中基本顶悬臂梁长度逐渐增加,与后方断裂顶板形成"悬臂梁-铰接结构",支架处于这种结构保护之下时工作阻力小;(2)若基本顶在煤壁处拉断裂和结构失稳,支架快速增阻,安全阀开启,活柱量下降,易于导致支架压死;(3)随着基本顶作用荷载增大,拉断裂临界支护强度线性增长,但基本顶抗拉强度对拉断裂临界支护强度影响不大。研究结果可为综放工作面基本顶煤壁处断裂和压架灾害预报提供一种方法。 相似文献
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应用覆岩空间结构学术观点对孤岛顶煤综放采场冲击矿压机制及其控制技术进行研究。根据覆岩关键层的岩性、层位、范围等因素,覆岩关键层空间结构分为覆岩空间大结构和基本顶有限矿压结构。孤岛顶煤采场冲击矿压发生机制：①孤岛顶煤综放采场 ? 型空间大结构形成过程是集中压力逐渐增加的过程,是该时间段发生冲击矿压的力源;②采场基本顶形成最下位 ? 型空间结构后,随着工作面推进,基本顶块体产生滑落失稳,造成工作面冲击矿压现象。通过对分段来压理论、基本顶结构失稳理论和坚硬顶板预断裂理论对覆岩关键层空间结构运动的控制作用研究,提出采用覆岩空间结构理论分析、分阶段降低放煤率、坚硬覆岩预爆泄压技术、覆岩坚硬岩层破裂的微地震监测技术等方式方法预防冲击矿压的发生。 相似文献
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Analytical Expression for Vertical Stress within an Inclined Mine Stope with Non-parallel Walls 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ching Hung Ting Nagaratnam Sivakugan Wayne Read Sanjay Kumar Shukla 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(2):577-586
Arching is a phenomenon that occurs in many situations in geotechnical engineering. When underground mine stopes are backfilled, a significant fraction of the self-weight of the backfill is carried by the side walls. As a result, the vertical stress at the bottom of the stope is significantly less than its overburden pressure. Few analytical expressions published in the literature can be used to determine the vertical stresses of stope with parallel walls. The objective of this paper is to extend the analytical solution previously developed by the authors to long plane-strain stopes with non-parallel walls with both slopes leaning to the same side. Different combinations of wall inclination are examined using the new analytical expression developed. To validate the analysis, the proposed results are compared with numerical model results. The results show that the proposed analytical expression is capable of estimating the vertical stress within mine stopes when the inclination of the hangingwall to the horizontal (α) is less than that of footwall (β). An important behavioural trend for the stress distribution is observed, where with the same overburden pressure and base width, the stress magnitude experienced by fill material significantly varies depending on the wall inclination. 相似文献
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作为典型复合型顶板的矿山,沙曲矿区的工程地质条件受到多条构造带影响,采煤工作面顶底板均为不稳定性软岩,并含少量裂隙水。为了调查该矿区的地应力条件及地压规律,本文在沙曲矿区的主要开拓巷道中开展了6个地点的地应力测试,结果表明该矿区的地应力场比较均匀,属于准静水应力场。采用现场应力套孔解除和室内围压率测定的方法得到最大水平主应力数值在20.11～22.87(MPa)之间,侧压系数在2.25～2.85范围内,属较高应力;针对24101等工作面的大采高综采巷道进行了煤柱支承压力的现场监测,结果表明24101工作面的巷道煤柱应力分布特点可以分为塑性破坏区、峰值应力区和原岩应力区;同时,对南翼14204工作面顶板进行了离层监测和锚杆测力计载荷观测,结果进一步揭示了随着时间的推移,巷道顶板稳定性的衰减主要是由于离层数量的增加所造成的规律。该地应力及采场地压的综合监测及分析结果对沙曲矿区的支护设计和安全生产具有重要指导和实用价值。 相似文献
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De-zhong Kong Wei Jiang Yi Chen Zheng-yang Song Zhenqian Ma 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(8):185
Low recovery of longwall top coal caving (LTCC) remains one of the most difficult engineering problems in this mining method and impedes its application. The top coal left in the gob at face end accounts for a large portion of the total coal loss, and the instability of the leftover triangle coal at face end has long been a threat to the safety of miners and the mining equipment. In this paper, based on the engineering background of Ruilong mine, we explore the stability of the roof at the end of the face by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement. Results reveal that in the inclined longwall top coal caving face, the immediate roof forms an “arch” structure, and the basic roof forms a “masonry beam” structure after the roof collapses; working resistance of the support calculated by the method of ultimate bearing capacity was adequate to meet the requirement of roof load; roof load of coal pillar was related to the length of key block and fracture position; and increasing the size of coal pillar could ensure the stability of both coal pillar and roof. 相似文献
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壁式削壁充填法采场顶板临界跨度计算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对缓倾斜极薄矿体壁式削壁充填法劳动强度大、生产效率低的问题,提出采取机械化生产。对适应机械化生产的大尺寸采场结构需进行稳定性分析,将崩落废石堆体假设成弹簧支撑件,把采场顶板简化为平面问题的固定端超静定悬臂梁结构,对顶板临界跨度计算。同时,该计算法在矿山得到实际应用,实现了机械化作业。 相似文献
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Fracturing around a preconditioned deep level gold mine stope 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
M. Grodner 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1999,17(3-4):291-304
The mining faces of the highly stressed tabular stopes in South Africa's deep level gold mines are prone to a type of rock burst termed a face-burst. As a means of ameliorating these face-burst conditions, a destressing technique termed preconditioning has been employed. Part of the studies into the quantification of the effects and mechanisms of preconditioning was a detailed investigation of the fracture pattern around unpreconditioned and preconditioned stopes. Techniques included mapping of the fractures exposed in the mined areas of the stope, measurement of profiles of the stope hangingwall and the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). These studies indicate that preconditioning does not produce new sets of fractures and stress redistribution ahead of the face occurs by re-activation of specific pre-existing fractures, thereby reducing the potential for face-bursting. 相似文献
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Shuai Zhao Shiliang Wu Lulin Yang Hui Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(1):195-202
A new form of roof—”secondary roof structure” form, according to the characteristics of significant differences existing between the measured roof pressure and the roof pressure calculated by “support-surrounding rock” formulas, exists in working face that was mined under the upper gob at short range in Shendong mining area. The reasons why additional static load of secondary roof came into being were gained through the analysis of main roof weight distribution coefficient. It is that main roof can not transfer all the static load to the front coal wall and the rear caved gangue, and partial weight of the gangue of upper gob served as the additional static load attaching to the roof of working face. The roof parameters of five working faces mining under the upper gob were counted based on the field measurement and theoretical analysis. What is more, here, the relationship between the M/L value and the roof form was analyzed. Also the roof pressure of 21305 working face of 1?2 coal seam was calculated based on the secondary roof structure model, and the additional static load coefficient (T) was used as measurement of the additional static load of secondary roof. Finally, the directions which can be made a breakthrough in theoretical research of secondary roof were introduced. 相似文献
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Controlling the subsidence of overburden strata is the main objective for backfill mining technology. In order to understand the controlling effect of filling body, a detection scheme with three direction boreholes was designed in the tailgate of T3290 mining face in Tangshan Coal Mine to monitor the fracture developing process of overburden strata. In addition, a few displacement and stress sensors used for monitoring the roof subsidence and filling body stress were arranged behind the longwall face to monitor and record the force and deformation of gangue. The field investigation shows that the solid backfill mining technology can effectively reduce the fracture of overburden strata, i.e., the fracture height and the damage degree. The subsidence of overburden strata is mainly caused by the subsidence of roof which is divided into four stages: roof subsidence stage of mining face, rapid subsidence stage of gob roof, relatively stable stage, and long-term rheological stage. The gauge plays an essential role in slowing down the subsidence in each stage of the overburden subsidence, especially the relatively stable stage. 相似文献
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陕北榆神矿区煤层开采面临顶板水害防治与水资源协同保护技术需求,根据材料力学、断裂力学相关理论,以及不同覆岩类型的采动裂隙带统计成果,提出基于预裂–注浆改性(P-G)的煤层顶板失水控制技术思路,其基本原理为通过压裂工艺将连续性好的基岩层压裂成非连续性岩层,削弱采动导水裂隙在坚硬岩层中向上扩展的“尖端效应”,抑制导水裂隙发育高度。再采用黏土类软弱注浆材料将岩层改性为相对软弱的岩层,起到抑制导水裂隙带向上发育与降低上覆岩层导水能力的双重作用,从而实现煤层顶板含水层失水控制。本文以陕北能源基地榆神矿区为对象,提出以采煤工作面地质与水文地质条件分析,采煤工作面顶板含水层涌(失)水模式识别,P-G模式、层位与时间确定,顶板岩层水平孔水力压裂与注浆改性为主要思路,对榆神矿区采煤工作面顶板含水层失水控制方法进行了探讨,为我国陕北能源基地榆神矿区顶板水害防治和水资源协同保护技术实践提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献