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1.
辽东湾北部海域表层沉积物氧化还原电位及其主要影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过2007年秋季对辽东湾北部海域表层沉积物氧化还原电位（Eh）的现场调查,分析了该海域表层沉积物Eh的现状,并从底质特性、上覆海水以及河流输入等方面深入探讨了Eh的影响因素。结果表明,该海域表层沉积物Eh变化范围在-24.8 mV~-366.7 mV之间,已由20世纪90年代的O2/H2O、有机物、MnO2/Mn2+、Fe(OH)3/Fe2+体系控制的弱还原环境转变为由SO2-4/HS-、S/HS-体系控制的还原环境,分布基本呈现自辽东湾东北部向西南部逐渐降低的趋势。表层沉积物中有机质是氧化还原反应必不可少的因子,但可能由于调查海域沉积速率较高和较强的还原环境的影响,有机质对Eh的分布及变化影响不明显;表层沉积物中硫化物含量和温度的高低直接影响到Eh,Eh随着硫化物含量和温度的升高而降低。上覆海水中溶解氧含量的高低也是影响Eh的一个重要因素,尤其是在溶解氧含量相对较高的调查海域影响更为显著,Eh呈现随着溶解氧的降低而降低的趋势。另外,河流输入也是影响该调查区域Eh的一个重要因素,但影响范围主要在以双台子河口为中心的冲淡水能达到扇形区域内。近二十年来,陆源排污及海上养殖等人类活动不断加强,造成了有机质与硫化物等污染物质的不断增加,使得辽东湾北部海域表层沉积物Eh逐渐降低,氧化还原环境发生了明显转变,同时表层沉积物的温度、上覆海水溶解氧、河流的输入及其与海水的混合作用等多种因素造就了该海域目前的氧化还原电位的分布变化特征,也一定程度上反映着该地区的污染分布状况,因此有必要采取相应措施,加强对该海区的环境保护力度,保持地区经济的可持续发展。 相似文献
2.
滇东北地区广泛分布的热液型铅锌矿床具有普遍的矿物组合分带特征,研究矿床矿物组合的共生分异特征,是了解该类型矿床的成矿流体在演化过程中,成矿元素迁移和沉淀的核心问题之一,通过共生矿物的热力学Eh—pH相图可以有效的诠释成矿流体中成矿元素在迁移、沉淀过程中的物理化学条件。本文以滇东北茂租铅锌矿床为例,对滇东北热液型铅锌矿床的金属矿物共生组合在时间、空间分带特征进行热力学相图分析,选取373K、423K、473K、523K四个温度截面对金属矿物共生组合稳定存在的Eh—pH范围进行计算,相图显示成矿流体中矿物迁移、沉淀机制主要是由于成矿流体的Eh、p H值双重制约:Eh值的变化控制着硫化物沉淀的时间分带,成矿流体从深部向浅部运移,Eh值将会逐渐增大,主要矿物从黄铁矿→方铅矿→闪锌矿依次开始析出;p H值控制硫化物的空间分带,随着p H值的增大,成矿元素从离子的形式转变为硫酸盐矿物进行迁移。研究表明,控制成矿流体中硫化物迁移、沉淀的物理化学条件除了温度、压力、金属离子浓度及流体的氧硫逸度之外,流体的酸碱度及氧化还原电位同样是控制矿物组合共生分异的重要影响因素,此研究对该类型矿床的成矿流体的演化和成矿机制提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
3.
太湖沉积物中微生物多样性垂向分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用化学分析方法和PCR-DGGE技术,从沉积物化学及分子生物学角度对太湖沉积物理化性质(pH、Eh)、营养盐及微生物多样性的垂向分布及相关性进行研究。结果表明:沉积物-上覆水接触界面处于轻度还原状态,在表层8.0cm左右以下,Eh随沉积深度的增加迅速下降,还原性逐渐增强,到15.0～22.5cm深度区间内,Eh值基本稳定,还原性最强,之后随深度的进一步增加,Eh呈"之"型缓慢升高。沉积物pH随深度的增加先降低后缓慢升高,pH在整个剖面上变化幅度不大,在7.2～7.6变动。沉积物中含有丰富的营养盐,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)最高含量分数和有机质(OM)的最高百分比分别为2.436mg/g、0.731mg/g和3.817%,其剖面特征表明,沉积物表层TN和OM远高于底层,其含量随深度增加而降低。TP随着沉积深度的增加呈"之"型缓慢减少。不同深度沉积物的微生物群落呈现出明显的空间分布多样性差异,不同深度沉积物的微生物群落结构之间的相似性和动态性存在差异。多元相关分析结果显示,TN与OM显著相关,理化指标、营养盐中任一指标含量与微生物群落多样性指标之间存在相关性,但不显著,微生物多样性是营养盐及环境物理、化学和生物等多方面共同作用的结果。 相似文献
4.
生物扰动在现代海洋沉积物地球化学循环中起着重要作用，它影响着底栖生物群落特性、有机物分解速率、海水化学性质、沉积物氧化还原性以及营养物循环.豫西登封地区寒武系第二统朱砂洞组碳酸盐岩发育了大量以Thalassinoides主导的扰动构造，对其进行碳和氮同位素测定，可以了解扰动生物对沉积物生物地球化学循环影响.测试结果表明，潜穴充填物和围岩中δ13Ccarb值区别显著，不同扰动程度也差异明显，而δ13Corg和δ15N值差异不大，反映出生物对沉积物的扰动改造可以改变沉积物的氧化还原性及孔渗性，这一变化可能与生物扰动引起沉积物孔隙水含氧量增高导致的自生碳酸盐岩比例降低和成岩期白云岩化的增强有关.Thalassinoides造迹生物对沉积物的扰动改造不仅改变了沉积物的原始物理化学信息，促进了海水与沉积物的生物地球化学循环，而且诱导了沉积底质革命，扮演了显生宙早期生态系统工程建造者的角色. 相似文献
5.
砂岩型铀矿床层间氧化带前锋区稀有元素富集机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在深入研究砂岩型铀矿床层间氧化带各地球化学分带中铀及其伴生元素的分布规律时,发现一些单价态(不变价)元素也常常富集在层间氧化带前锋区,其典型代表是钪(Sc)、钇(Y)和稀土元素(REE)等。作者在综合分析前苏联众多砂岩型铀矿床各地球化学分带中各种元素大量测试数据的基础上,论述了层间氧化带前锋区Eh值和pH值的变化规律以及它们所导致的变价元素(U、Se、Mo和V)和不变价元素(Sc、Y和REE)的分布规律和富集机制。实际上,层间氧化带前锋区既是氧化-还原电位(Eh值)又是酸碱度(pH值)的急剧变化区,两者大致同步消长。层间氧化带前锋区有两类地球化学障:单纯的还原障和还原-碱性综合障。两种地球化学障的发育与强度取决于原始未氧化岩石中硫化物、有机质和碳酸盐的含量。 相似文献
6.
地下水中氮化物转换的氧化还原条件 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地下水中氧化还原电位影响着各种氮化物的分布和浓度变化。计算资料已经用于确定这些化合物之间的Eh—pH边界值。计算条件与地下水中不同形式氮化物的实际资料有所不同。本文给出了一个经验性的氮化物的Eh—pH曲线图,这个经验性的Eh—pH曲线图与地下水中氮化物的实际分布相一致。 相似文献
7.
由于受湖泊动力条件和物质来源的影响，湖泊表层沉积物的各粒度组分表现出不同的空间分布特征。选择滇西北程海作为研究对象，通过测试程海表层沉积物的粒度，分析了其不同粒度组分的空间分布特征，对影响程海表层沉积物粒度空间分布的因素进行探讨。研究结果表明:程海表层沉积物的优势粒级为粉砂，各样品沉积类型为黏土质粉砂。粒度组分及其参数的空间分布特征变化差异明显，黏土组分含量呈现出由南向北逐渐增加的趋势，而粉砂、中值粒级则呈现出相反的变化趋势，表明程海沉积物粒径受盛行南风的控制与影响，表现为湖泊水动力由南向北逐渐减弱。程海表层沉积物的粒度空间分布特征表明，其表层沉积物易受盛行风的影响向北扩散，因此，应加强该地区沿岸，特别是南岸人类活动的管理，有效控制人为物质的输入，减少污染物的扩散。 相似文献
8.
文章以滇东南浅水湖泊异龙湖作为研究对象,通过对湖泊不同位置的40个表层沉积物样品进行粒度测试,结合流域自然地理要素和人类活动特征,分析了异龙湖表层沉积物粒度空间分布特征,并探讨了其影响因素。结果表明,异龙湖表层沉积物沉积类型主要有粘土质粉砂、粉砂质粘土以及砂-粉砂-粘土3种,其中以粘土质粉砂类型为主,其次为粉砂质粘土。粉砂(4~63μm)为异龙湖表层沉积物优势粒径成分,其含量介于57.08%~82.41%,其次为粘土(小于4μm),介于11.22%~35.58%,砂组分(大于63μm)含量最低,含量介于0.16%~25.80%。异龙湖表层沉积物具有明显的空间分布特征,其中粉砂类似同心圆的空间分布特征,其含量由湖区的中间地带分别向西北、西南、东南3个方向递增;而粘土含量则呈现出相反的趋势。由于受断层影响,异龙湖表层沉积物各粒度组分形成了西北、东南两个相对对称的区域;西北湖区沉积物粒度分布特征同时受自然环境与人类活动的影响,沉积物类型主要有粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土,其中以粘土质粉砂为主;而东南深水湖区由于受人为干扰因素较弱,可以视为认识自然状态下物质搬运过程、探讨水动力特征以及研究自然湖泊沉积和气候变化的理想场所。 相似文献
9.
长江口外海域表层沉积物微量元素地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对采自长江口外海域187个表层沉积物的25个微量元素含量进行了标准差系数、相关分析及R型因子分析,探讨了微量元素的来源和分布特征。长江口外海域沉积物微量元素Li、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Ga、Cu、Zn、Th和Rb分布基本相似;Sr分布与Li、Cu、Pb、Zn、Th和Rb相反;研究区东南部Sr分布与生物作用有明显关系;Cd和Mo分布与粒度之间的相关性较差,主要受氧化还原环境的控制;Zr分布反映了长江物源的影响。相关分析和R型因子分析结果表明,沉积作用、粒度控制效应、海洋生物作用、氧化还原环境和源区地质背景等对长江口外海域表层沉积物中微量元素分布起着主要控制作用。 相似文献
10.
测试流经稀土矿区河水的p H和Eh值,可以反映矿区的酸碱性、氧化还原环境。本文以赣南地区濂水、桃江、东江流域为研究对象,利用ICP-MS和三通道多参数测试仪分别测试水样中溶解态稀土含量(DREEs)和p H、Eh值,分析p H、Eh值的变化特征以及DREEs含量与p H值的相关性。结果表明:1研究区水体中DREEs含量变化较大,介于几μg/L至几十mg/L之间;DREEs经球粒陨石标准化后表现为弱的轻稀土富集模式,Eu、Ce显示负异常;2溶解态稀土及La含量分别与p H值呈弱的负相关性,说明地表水体中DREEs浓度及分布模式在一定程度上受外部环境酸碱性的影响;3对于流经地层、地层内离子吸附型稀土矿区的水样,其p H均值分别为7.40、6.94,Eh均值分别为-0.023 V、6.55 mV;对于流经岩体、风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿区的水样,其p H均值分别为6.61、4.37,Eh均值分别为0.024 V、0.15 V,表明赣南地区离子吸附型稀土矿区处于中酸性的氧化环境。 相似文献
11.
Shuhua He William Skinner Daniel Fornasiero 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):169-176
The effects of oxidation potential (Eh) and zinc sulphate on the separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite were investigated at pH 9.0. The flotation recovery of these minerals is Eh dependent with maximum separation obtained at 275 mV SHE. Zinc sulphate addition improved this mineral separation at an Eh value of 275 mV by selectively depressing pyrite flotation. A different result was obtained at lower Eh values where zinc sulphate addition improved chalcopyrite flotation but had no or little effect on pyrite flotation. These opposite effects of zinc sulphate on mineral flotation were reconciled by examining the surface species of these minerals. The selective depression of pyrite flotation by zinc sulphate was also confirmed in the flotation of two copper ores. 相似文献
12.
肖港地区位于江汉平原东北部,属于大别山连片贫困区和贫水区,地下水资源较贫乏,且地下水水质不佳,水中铁锰离子含量普遍超过了国家饮用水标准。为查明高铁锰地下水成因及空间分布规律,服务区内地下水开发利用及安全供水问题,系统采集区内岩石、土壤和地下水样品,测试岩土与地下水中铁锰的含量,分析地下水中铁锰含量与含水层沉积物的铁锰含量、地下水的氧化还原条件和酸碱度之间的关系。结果表明:江汉平原东北部地区地下水中铁锰超标现象普遍存在,其中锰的超标率大于铁,第四系孔隙潜水超标最严重,铁锰最大浓度分别达到44.88 mg/L和19.21 mg/L。研究区岩土中铁锰氧化物为地下水中铁锰提供了物质来源,弱酸性、强还原环境为沉积物中铁锰的溶解释放提供了有利条件,总体上从研究区东西两侧（补给、径流区）向中部第四系孔隙潜水含水层（排泄区）,沿地下水流向Eh值、pH值逐渐减小,铁锰含量逐渐增大,形成北北东向带状分布的高铁锰地下水区。 相似文献
13.
The sediments of City Park Lake (Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA) are characterized by Pb concentrations that exceed the corresponding National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration probable effect level by more than a factor of two and concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn that exceed the corresponding threshold effect levels. The sediments of the lake are likely to be dredged because of concern over shoaling of the lake. There is concern that exposing these sediments to an oxidizing environment could mobilize toxic metal(loid)s that are effectively sequestered under reducing conditions. To address this concern, mixtures of sediments collected from seven locations in City Park Lake were incubated in microcosms under controlled oxidizing and reducing conditions. The slurries were sampled at time intervals over a period of nearly 750 h, and the dissolved Fe, Mn and trace metal concentrations determined. Eh and pH were negatively correlated, with Eh declining by 600 mV per unit increase in pH. Of the toxic metals, only the concentration of Cu was positively correlated with Eh, apparently because of the sequestration of Cu as a very insoluble sulfide precipitate under low Eh conditions. Precipitation of the other metals as sulfides was evidently insignificant because of the low S content of the sediments. Concentrations of the remaining potentially toxic metals were negatively correlated with Eh, apparently because of their sequestration as oxides and/or adsorption to Fe oxides or oxy-hydroxides. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Sr were positively correlated with Eh, presumably because of their sequestration in carbonate precipitates under low Eh/high pH conditions. 相似文献
14.
The James Bay Lowlands, which is the SE part of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada, and within the Paleozoic limestone terrane, is covered mostly by peatlands. Peat samples were examined in the Attawapiskat area, a region of discontinuous permafrost, where more than 19 kimberlite pipes have been found beneath a cover of peat (2–4 m thick) and Quaternary sediments (up to 20 m thick) of Tyrell Sea clay beds and glacial tills. Pore water at a depth of 40 cm in the peat has a consistently low pH, <4, and high Eh, 290 mV, in the areas over limestones far from kimberlites. On the other hand, peat pore water close to kimberlites has a high pH, up to 6.7, and low Eh, down to 49 mV; the values of pH and Eh are inversely correlated. The high pH and low Eh close to kimberlites suggest active serpentinization of olivine in the underlying kimberlites. The bulk compositions of peat indicate precipitation of secondary CaCO3 and Fe–O–OH. The secondary carbonate contains high concentrations of kimberlite pathfinder elements, such as Ni, rare earth elements (REE) and Y. The ratios of metal concentrations extracted by ammonium acetate solution at pH 5 (AA5) to those in a total digestion confirm that a majority of the divalent cations are hosted by the secondary carbonate, whereas tri-, tetra- and penta-valent cations are not. As these charged cations are not leached in Enzyme Leach, they are most likely adsorbed on Fe–O–OH.The compositions of peat show spatial variation with the distribution of kimberlites, suggesting that they are influenced by the underlying rocks even through there are thick layers of tills and sediments between the bedrocks and peat. However, elevated concentrations of pathfinder elements of kimberlites in bulk peat samples and AA5 leach are not necessarily directly above kimberlites. The diffused metal anomalies around kimberlites are attributed to the dissolution–precipitation of secondary phases (carbonates and Fe–O–OH) in acidic and reduced waters in peat, and the movement of waters through peat. This pilot study suggests that peat compositions do reflect the underlying bedrock compositions. For kimberlite exploration, a geochemical survey of peat is useful to discriminate concealed kimberlites from other anomalies defined by geophysical and other techniques; however, such a geochemical survey is not suitable for delineating the shapes of the concealed kimberlites due to broad dispersed anomalies. 相似文献
15.
Kai Liu Xiaojuan Qiao Baoling Li Ying Sun Zhiping Li Conglin Pu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(23):1485
This study investigates the characteristics of geothermal water in 10 geothermal fields in Beijing. The relationships between the deuterium excess parameter (d) and temperature, depth, age of geothermal groundwater, groundwater flow field, and Eh were investigated using geothermal groundwater samples. Results showed that (1) the average d value of geothermal water is 5.4, whereas that of the groundwater in normal temperature is 6.04. The differences are induced by the oxygen isotope exchange during the water–rock interaction, which may be more easily completed in geothermal water than in cold groundwater. (2) The d value increases remarkably with the age of the geothermal groundwater. The d value increases from 11.2 to 14.6 when the age of the geothermal water is 12,760 ± 130 a and 38,960 ± 630 a, respectively. Moreover, the isotope heat exchange for composition of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the geothermal groundwater proceeds sufficiently with time. (3) The d value decreases from 5.72 to 3.03 when the depth increases from 125.13 to 3221 m. Generally, in the same area, the d value decreases with depth because the temperature is increasing. (4) The d value of the groundwater gradually reduces from the northern recharge area to the southern discharge area. The average d value is 7.31 in the northern recharge area and 5.68 in the middle Beijing Depression, whereas the d value in the southern area of Fengheying is ?9.20. The larger difference in d values between the recharge and discharge areas is due to the slower velocity of underwater flow, which induces longer time for oxygen exchange. (5) The relationship between the d and Eh is complex. When Eh is <200 mV, the d value of the geothermal water decreases with the decrease in Eh. When Eh is higher than 200 mV, the d value increases slightly with the decrease in Eh. The study of the characteristics of deuterium excess parameters for geothermal water could provide a scientific isotopic evidence for assessment and exploitation measures in geothermal groundwater systems. 相似文献
16.
This study evaluates the pollution load on a creek based on the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of old tailings. The Sanggok mine is one of the largest lead–zinc producers in the Hwanggangri mining district, Republic of Korea. The vertical profile of the old tailings in the mine area can be divided into three units based on color change, and mineralogical and textural variations, as well as physical and chemical properties. Unit I (surface accumulation and oxidized heterogeneous tailing soil) has lower pH and higher Eh than unit II (originally unoxidized dumped tailing soil) and unit III (pebble-bearing bottom soil). The conductivity data indicates that unit I and II have very high values compared to unit III and basement. The mine area consists mainly of carbonate rocks; however, mineral constituents of tailing soil and sediments near the mine were mainly composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, amphibole, calcite, dolomite, magnesite, and clay minerals. Units I and II are characterized by high abundances of siderite, locally pyrite, and dolomite. Precipitates in the mining drainage mainly included: smectite, illite, berthierine, quartz, siderite, hexahydrite, and Ca-ferrate. Among the separated metallic minerals, tailing soils and sediments of highly concentrated toxic metals are found: some pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite, various hydroxide, and uncertain secondary minerals. Units I and II are characterized by relatively high concentrations of Ca, Fe, Mn and low contents of Al, Mg, K, Na, Ti, rare earth elements (REEs) that correlated with the proportion of secondary minerals. Potentially toxic elements such as Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn are highly enriched in the upper two units. This metal concentration can be influenced by changes in the depth because of oxic and suboxic zonal distribution. The removal zone (unit I) has probably migrated below the elevation of the maximum enrichment layer due to deepening of the oxic/suboxic boundary. In most of the materials, the enrichment index is higher than 3.62. The highest value of 42.55 is found in the oxidation surface soils of the tailing pile. An average enrichment index of the profiles and precipitates are 27.62 and 22.62, respectively. Rocky basement soils have an average enrichment index of 6.63, which is influenced by overlying the tailing pile. The water quality and habitat of the Sanggok creek are severely polluted. Polluted surface water may also negatively impact the agricultural soil and groundwater. 相似文献
17.
通过对山西省马兰煤矿2号煤层采掘面在开采和封闭时期的矿井水和沉积物的研究,揭示采掘面封闭前后对矿井水水质和沉积物的影响机理。研究结果表明:马兰煤矿矿井水均为SO4-Ca型水质,矿井水均富含SO42-和Fe离子;随着上部煤层的不断开采,3处矿井水呈现相同的变化规律,矿井水的pH值升高,Eh值降低,SO42-、Fe、Mn和Zn离子浓度随之下降,其中北一暗斜井处的矿井水水质变化最显著;矿井水水质指标和流速变化能够控制其沉积物的矿物组成和结晶程度,北一暗斜井处的沉积物在两次采样中由斯沃特曼铁矿变为针铁矿,而其他两处的矿井水沉积物矿物组分没有发生变化,主要由针铁矿组成。研究结果能够提高对老空区积水水质的预测精度,并对煤矿突水水源判识具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
R. K. Majumdar S. Kar D. Talukdar T. Duttagupta 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,83(1):21-30
Integrated geoelectric and geochemical investigation were carried out in the Canning and adjoining areas to assess the prevailing groundwater conditions and chemical quality of groundwater. Geologically, the area is constituted of alluvial sediments of Quaternary age. Vertical electrical soundings (VES) in the area of investigation mostly show six layers consisting of top soil, saline water, clay layer, brackish water, clay layer and fresh-water bearing zone of appreciable thicknesses at depths of 137 to 182 meter at six locations and from 370 to 430 meter for other two locations under confined conditions. The result of VES studies significantly correspond with the borehole litholog and well log data. A litho-resistivity relationship is established for this area of investigation A Fence diagram is constructed to show the spatial variation of the sub-surface lithology and hydrological characteristics. Chemically the ground water is fresh and mixed cation and anion type as revealed from Piper-Trilinear diagram with TDS ranging from 699 to 1547 mg/l. The geochemical parameters like Total hardness (TH), Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Soluble sodium percentage (SSP), Percentage of sodium (PS), Kelley’s ratio (KR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Corrosivity ratio (CR), Gibbs ratios (GR), Chloro alkaline indices (CAI), Sea water contamination (SWC) are also calculated for examining the quality of groundwater in the area. The depth of occurrences of freshwater bearing ground water zones for drinking and irrigation purposes are occurring at depths from 137 meter to 430 meter in this area. 相似文献