共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
以新疆喀纳斯自然保护区为研究区, 评价了HJ-CCD影像数据估算植被叶面积指数(LAI)的能力及其对大气订正方法的敏感性.分别利用6S和FLAASH两种大气订正模型对HJ1B-CCD2影像进行大气订正, 比较了大气订正前后不同植被(针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和草地)反射率及5种植被指数(NDVI、SR、SAVI、MSR、ARVI)的变化, 进而建立了4种植被类型LAI的遥感估算模型, 分析了LAI的空间分布格局.结果表明: 大气订正后可见光波段的反射率降低, 6S模型订正后近红外波段的反射率上升, 而FLAASH模型订正后近红外波段的反射率下降.大气订正后NDVI、SR、SAVI(除针叶林)和MSR上升, 6S模型订正后所有植被类型的ARVI下降, FLAASH模型订正后针叶林和阔叶林的ARVI上升, 而针阔混交林和草地的ARVI下降.大气订正提高了植被指数与LAI之间的相关性, 对于针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林而言, 利用6S模型订正后的反射率建立的模型优于FLAASH模型订正后的反射率建立的模型, 而草地却相反.经过大气订正, HJ-CCD影像数据可应用于研究区植被LAI的估算.研究区LAI的高值集中在湖泊和河流附近, 低值分布在海拔较高处.山地森林草原带、亚高山森林带、高山灌丛草甸带、高山冻原、高山冰川带植被LAI的平均值分别为2.6、3.9、2.5、1.7和1.0. 相似文献
2.
植被FAPAR的遥感模型与反演研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
FAPAR是遥感估算陆地生态系统植被净第一性生产力(NPP)的重要参数。FAPAR模型是否能真实反映植被冠层吸收光合有效辐射状况,将直接影响遥感估算植被NPP和碳循环的准确性。从FAPAR机理出发,考虑土壤反射率、冠层结构、太阳入射角等多种因素,构建了全新的定量FAPAR反演模型,并分析了太阳天顶角、LAI、土壤背景等因素与FAPAR的关系。与蒙特卡罗模拟结果的对比和用地面实测数据的验证表明该模型拥有较高的精度。选择甘肃张掖盈科灌区为研究区,利用PROBA-CHRIS高光谱多角度数据反演得到了LAI和FAPAR,并用同步观测数据验证了反演结果。 相似文献
3.
全球LAI地面验证方法及验证数据综述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
叶面积指数(LAI)的地面验证是LAI反演算法研究及LAI产品验证的重要部分。近年来,为了验证遥感参数产品以及对大气、地表的系统性研究,国际上在全球主要大洲开展了多个针对主要植被类型的大型观测项目,逐渐形成了较完善的地面采样框架与全球尺度不同植被类型的地面验证数据集。国内外已开展的大型观测项目采用的采样框架对以后观测试验中LAI的地面验证框架的制定与研究具有重要的借鉴意义,同时,已观测到的全球LAI地面验证数据集是开展全球LAI算法及产品验证的基础数据集,因此,有必要对目前全球LAI地面验证方法及验证数据情况做个综述。首先综述全球主要LAI地面观测项目及其所采用的地面验证框架。在此基础上,分析比较各大观测项目中所采用的地面测量方法、采样方法及像元真值估算方法。最后,指出全球LAI产品地面验证中存在的不足,并对尚需进一步研究的方向进行展望。 相似文献
4.
基于时序MODIS NDVI的黑河流域土地覆盖分类研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
归一化植被指数(NDVI)是植被生长状态及植被覆盖度的最佳指示因子,其时序数据也已成为基于生物气候特征开展大区域植被和土地覆盖分类的基本手段。基于时序NDVI数据的土地覆盖分类,即通过提取NDVI时间信号所包含的植被生物学参数,构建起一个包含植被生物学信息的分类特征空间。利用2006年重建得到的MODIS NDVI 16天合成时间序列数据,并结合1 km分辨率的DEM数据、野外实地调查资料等辅助数据,综合分析了不同土地覆盖类型对应的时序NDVI谱线及其第一、二谐波的特征阈值,建立决策树对黑河流域的土地覆盖开展分类研究。结果表明,基于时序MODIS NDVI谱线特征的决策树分类精度为78%,Kappa系数为0.74。利用1 km时序MODIS NDVI时间序列获得较为准确的黑河流域土地覆盖类型是可行的。 相似文献
5.
气候变化对植被动力学有非常大的影响。为了定量描述气候变化对植被的影响，文章利用MODIS fAPAR 数据和NCEP 的净辐射和降雨再分析数据对青藏高原地区气候变化对植被的影响进行了时间序列分析。研究所用的数据时间跨度为2000年至2005年。首先利用NCEP 再分析数据建立了干旱度因子的时间序列，为了与MODIS fAPAR 具有相同的时间采样间隔，由NCEP的日净辐射和日降雨量得到每8天的平均净辐射和8日降雨的和。根据一定时间间隔的净辐射与降雨量的比可以用来衡量相对于可利用水分的剩余能量，因此该比值也是干旱灾害的度量。其次，对MODIS fAPAR 的傅立叶时间序列分析提供了两个植被光合作用对干旱相应的因子，即fAPAR的年平均值及其年振幅值。在时间和空间尺度上对植被光合作用活动与干旱指数之间的关系进行了定量分析。对湿年和干年之间的响应差异进行了比较。研究表明较干地区对气候变化的响应最为显著。分析应该扩展到更长的时间跨度以便更加有效地在时间和空间尺度上评估气候变化对植被动力学的影响。 相似文献
6.
中国陆地生态系统总初级生产力VPM遥感模型估算 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
陆地生态系统总初级生产力(Gross Primary Productivity,简称GPP)时空格局及其变化动态的准确监测是区域碳收支研究的核心问题之一,遥感模型正在为区域碳通量监测提供更为实时、准确的模拟数据。基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,简称MODIS)遥感数据和涡度相关碳通量观测数据发展而来的VPM模型经过10年的努力,目前已经在全球涵盖十类生态系统的21个站点上开展模型的校验与验证研究,为区域GPP的准确估算与监测奠定了方法基础。本研究构建了评估GPP区域格局的VPM模型区域模式,以空间分辨率500m、时间步长8天的MODIS卫星影像数据以及相同时空分辨率的温度与光合有效辐射数据为模型输入数据,模拟估算我国2006~2008年GPP及其空间分布格局。VPM模型模拟的中国陆地生态系统GPP年总量平均值为5.0Pg C/a,其中森林、草地、农田和灌丛生态系统分别占34%,17%,37%和12%。本研究模拟的全国GPP总量与多模型模拟的平均结果(5.40 Pg C/a)相当,但不同模型估算的各类生态系统GPP存在较大差异。本研究通过利用遥感数据对VPM模型中的关键参数(最大光能利用率)进行参数空间化,表达同一土地覆被类型内部光能利用率的空间异质性;应用目前我国准确性最为可靠的土地利用与植被数据提取土地覆被数据,首次将农业多熟种植作为单独的植被类型引入模型中,模型参数与输入数据的精度保障了模型模拟结果的可靠性。 相似文献
7.
格尔木河流域干旱少雨,蒸发强烈,为格尔木地区经济发展提供水资源保障。蒸散发是干旱内陆地区地表水及地下水排泄的主要方式,准确估算研究区长时间序列的蒸散量时空分布及其影响因素,对研究区水资源合理开发利用及生态环境保护具有重要意义。传统的蒸散量估算方法难以获取大尺度时空范围参数且估算结果误差较大。文章以格尔木河流域山前平原区为研究区,应用连续序列的MODIS数据及GLDAS气象数据基于SEBS模型估算格尔木河流域山前平原区蒸散量,利用线性回归法及Mann-Kendall显著性检验法分析其连续时间序列内的变化趋势,分析其影响因素。结果表明:研究区蒸散量从2001到2016年总体呈增长趋势,盐沼平原及山前戈壁砾质平原大部分地区蒸散量变化在16年间呈稳定不变状态,盐湖区和绿洲平原呈显著增长趋势。研究区16年间不同地貌蒸散量夏季增减幅度均远大于其他三季,冬季变化幅度最小。 相似文献
8.
植被覆盖度遥感估算研究进展 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
植被覆盖度是刻画地表植被覆盖的重要参数,在全球变化研究、地表过程模拟和水文生态模型中发挥着重要作用.遥感能够反映不同空间尺度的植被覆盖信息及其变化趋势,是获取区域及全球植被覆盖度参数的一个重要手段.综合分析了用于植被覆盖度估算的遥感数据源,包括高光谱数据、多光谱数据、微波数据和激光雷达数据.而且分析了各种常用的植被覆盖度遥感估算方法及其优缺点,并评价了现有基于遥感数据的植被覆盖度产品及存在问题.最后,针对目前研究中存在的问题,讨论了植被覆盖度遥感估算研究的发展趋势,指出高时空分辨率长时间序列的全球植被覆盖度数据集、多源遥感数据融合和同化技术是未来植被覆盖度遥感估算研究的主要方向. 相似文献
9.
10.
西北荒漠草甸植被光谱反射特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取位于西北干旱内陆地区的安西荒漠草场为观测试验区,分别对盐生低地草甸、极旱荒漠草甸和荒漠灌丛三类草地进行了地面反射光谱测定,并分析了主要荒漠草甸植被光谱反射的一般特征和红边参数特征,进而探讨了形成草地光谱特征差异的主要内在原因和影响因素。结果表明:在近红外波段,由于荒漠植被类别间叶片内部结构变化大,因此冠层光谱反射率差异较大;同一植被冠层光谱反射率的大小主要受植被长势的影响;受沙地背景的影响,在近红外波段,植被冠层的光谱反射率要明显小于叶片的光谱反射率;荒漠植被冠层光谱的红边也具有“双峰”现象,红边特征的参数表现为:沙地植被>绿洲植被>沙漠植被。对安西荒漠植被光谱特征的分析研究,对于研究干旱区荒漠植被的理化性能、遥感反演、植被分类、植被调查等都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
11.
Two hydrogen-rich lithobodies of highly alipathic character from a coal occurring in southwest Utah, have been studied. Bituminite (>50%), vitrinite (25–30%) and liptodetrinite (7–12%) are the principal macerals. The hexane-soluble products of hydrogenating the lithotypes at 400° with tetralin and hydrogen have been analyzed by GC-MS. Products identified include homologous series of alkylated naphthalenes, phenols, furans, cyclohexenones and hydroxy-pyridines. In the case of furans, the alkyl groups extend beyond C30. Materials released by Soxhlet extraction with pyridine consist chiefly of homologous series of fatty acids and their methyl esters and of methyl alkyl ketones, which were not found in the hydrogenation products. The long alkyl chains in these substances can account for about 75% of the alkanes found in the hydrogenation products but not in the extracts. Most of the compounds mentioned in the foregoing are thought to be physically held or trapped in the coal, rather than chemically combined in its macromolecular network. Except for the fatty acids, the origins of these substances are difficult to identify. 相似文献
12.
遥感提取植物生理参数LAI/FPAR的研究进展与应用 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
植物生理参数LAI/FPAR是2个重要的陆地特征参量。利用遥感光谱模型并结合地面验证是提取区域尺度的LAI/FPAR最有效的途径。提取LAI/FPAR的模型主要有光谱指数模型和辐射传输模型两类,经过精确的辐射标定和大气纠正的遥感数据可以得到较高精度的LAI/FPAR数据。影响LAI/FPAR精度的因素很多,其中主要因素是像元的异质性、植被类型和物候期等。LAI/FPAR与作物产量有更直接的关系,也是大量作物生长模型的基础,利用这些参数可以实现真实的作物产量预测,特别是开展全球尺度的单产预测。 相似文献
13.
Giorgos Papadavid Dionysia Fasoula Michael Hadjimitsis P. Skevi Perdikou Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2013,5(1):1-11
In this paper, Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Crop Height (CH) are modeled to the most known spectral vegetation index — NDVI — using remotely sensed data. This approach has advantages compared to the classic approaches based on a theoretical background. A GER-1500 field spectro-radiometer was used in this study in order to retrieve the necessary spectrum data for estimating a spectral vegetation index (NDVI), for establishing a semiempirical relationship between black-eyed beans’ canopy factors and remotely sensed data. Such semi-empirical models can be used then for agricultural and environmental studies. A field campaign was undertaken with measurements of LAI and CH using the Sun-Scan canopy analyzer, acquired simultaneously with the spectroradiometric (GER1500) measurements between May and June of 2010. Field spectroscopy and remotely sensed imagery have been combined and used in order to retrieve and validate the results of this study. The results showed that there are strong statistical relationships between LAI or CH and NDVI which can be used for modeling crop canopy factors (LAI, CH) to remotely sensed data. The model for each case was verified by the factor of determination. Specifically, these models assist to avoid direct measurements of the LAI and CH for all the dates for which satellite images are available and support future users or future studies regarding crop canopy parameters. 相似文献
14.
Accuracy verification of MODIS daily cloud-free snow cover products over the Tibetan Plateau北大核心CSCD
Snow cover is of great hydrological,ecological,and climatic significance in the Tibetan Plateau. MODIS snow products are widely used at present but are seriously affected by clouds. Scholars at home and abroad have developed a variety of cloud removal products for raw MODIS daily snow products,but the accuracy of these products in the Tibetan Plateau has not been evaluated comprehensively. Therefore,this paper uses Landsat-8 data with high resolution as the reference value to conduct systematic verification of three datasets of cloud-free snow products released on a daily basis. The results show that compared with the two sets of products （M*D10A1GL06 and MODIS_Dysno_Cloudfree）,which are produced based on raw MODIS daily snow cover product realized by NSIDC（National Snow and Ice Data Center）,the MODIS CGF SCE product produced based on MODIS surface reflectance data,has a great advantage in snow identification accuracy. The MODIS CGF SCE product optimized the NDSI threshold for different land cover types. Although the accuracy of snow identification was significantly improved,the problem of large snow identification error in forest areas was still not effectively resolved,and there was a high underestimate error. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
15.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1999,63(7-8):1059-1074
Substantial amounts of alcohols occur in the desulfurization products of sulfur-rich nonpolar macromolecular fractions (NPMF) isolated from two crude oils and a sediment extract. These macromolecularly bound oxygenated compounds have been investigated in detail. Released straight chain components may have a hydroxy functionality at any position of the carbon skeleton and without any isomer predominance. Furthermore, the carbon-number distributions are very similar for the different alcohol isomers in each case and resemble those of the aliphatic hydrocarbons released by desulfurization. Thus, released hydrocarbons and alcohols likely originate from common functionalized precursors, most probably from polyunsaturated lipids of biological origin. Furthermore, they may derive from polyunsaturated components formed by elimination reactions on functionalized precursors which incorporated oxygen in free or already bound form at an early stage of diagenesis. The presence of hydroxyl functionalities at every position in the carbon skeleton suggests that double bond isomerization probably occurred in linear components prior to oxygen incorporation. Similarly, 2-hydroxy stanols released by desulfurization most likely result from oxygen uptake into Δ2-sterenes during diagenesis. The presence of mid-chain hydroxylated phytanols in the degradation products with OH-group mainly at the tertiary positions indicates that they result (at least partially) from oxygen incorporation into unsaturated phytane skeletons. Additional functionalities in the oxygenated substances, such as double bonds, aldehydes or allylic alcohols, may have served as substrates for reactions with sulfur species, resulting in sulfur-rich cross-linked macromolecular structures.The type of oxygen groups present in the macromolecules could be partially assigned by sequential chemical degradation experiments. The results indicate that free OH-functions are not abundant. Part of the oxygen is present as carboxylic acid, ester and ketone functions. However, the nature of a substantial part of the oxygen species remains unclear. 相似文献
16.
基于多源遥感数据产品,利用Shuttleworth-Wallace(S-W)模型估算了黑河上中游流域2000—2010年潜在蒸散发(potential evapotranspiration,ETP),并考虑不同土地覆被类型,分析了ETP的时空变化特征及影响要素,分别利用ETP和ET0驱动水文模型,比较径流模拟精度.结果表明:① 基于高精度遥感数据,S-W模型可模拟区域ETP.黑河上中游流域,夏季ETP对年值的贡献最大,各土地覆被类型的ETP年内变化趋势一致.总体而言,植被条件越好,ETP越小;② 在研究区内,相对湿度对ETP变化的影响最大,叶面积指数(LAI)对ETP变化的影响与辐射相近.植被越稀疏,ETP对气象要素及LAI的敏感性越强;③ 与ET0相比,ETP能够更好地描述陆面蒸散发能力,相同条件下使用ETP驱动水文模型模拟精度更高. 相似文献
17.
Mineralogical and isotopic studies were carried out on the natural nuclear reaction zone 2 from the Oklo deposit to evaluate the mobility of several nuclear reaction products in response to the alteration of the reaction zone and to identify the mechanisms which could retard the transport of released radionuclides. To address these issues, in situ isotopic analyses by SHRIMP and a selective extraction procedure were performed to constrain the structural location of nuclear reaction products (exchangeable and non exchangeable) and their association with mineral phases. The distribution patterns of U, REE, Zr and Mo isotopes reveal that substantial amounts were released from the core and migrated through the hydrothermal alteration halo over metric distances, owing to uraninite dissolution and advective transport by hydrothermal solutions during and soon after criticality. The results emphasize the mobility of Zr at Oklo, this element being often considered as “immobile” during water–rock interactions. The main output is the demonstration of the net effects of sorption and coprecipitation processes. Chlorite and to a lesser extent illite were found to have adsorbed significant amounts of U, REE, Zr (and probably Th) and less sorbing elements such as Mo. Coprecipitation of secondary UO2 and P-rich coffinite within the alteration halo is also an important means of retardation. The concentration of radionuclides released from the reactor were probably high and they display solubility limited transport behaviour. No retention effect was found for Se in the immediate vicinity of the reactor and this element may have moved farther from its source of production. These results have interesting implications for the evaluation of long-term containment of radionuclides. They provide a simple illustration of the performance of a clay barrier in the uptake of radionuclides by sorption onto clays and reincorporation in secondary U-minerals. This study also demonstrates the robustness of these retention processes over extremely long periods of time. 相似文献
18.
Alastair Beach 《Lithos》1979,12(1):51-58
The most widespread record that terrigenous sedimentary rocks have deformed by a pressure solution mechanism is seen in the development of spaced cleavages and transposition structures under conditions of low grade metamorphism. Such structures are most common in immature sandstones and siltstones. Mineral reactions, involving modification of detrital grains and diagenetic minerals, and forming a logical extension to diagenetic processes, are an integral part of the deformation mechanism, and the cleavage stripes represent accumulations not just of inert particles, but mostly of newly crystallized micas, the products of these reactions. The mechanism of deformation by pressure solution is now seen to involve mmetamorphic reactions, change in volume of solid phases during reaction, removal of some silica from the rock, rearrangement of reaction products to produce fabrics, solution of some detrital grains in cleavage stripes.Formal reactions have been written to describe the alteration of detrital felspar and epidote to white mica, the modification of greywacke matrix to white mica, and the transformation of diagenetic chlorite to white mica, all of which are observed to occur during formation of the pressure solution cleavages. These reactions emphasize the importance of metamorphic processes during pressure solution deformation, suggest that pressure solution may involve removal of silica released as a product of the reactions, indicate that the pH of the aqueous phase may be buffered to a level that silica solubility is increased, involve a volume reduction that contributes to the overall shortening during deformation, and also involve dehydration, the large scale circulation of released water possibly being important to the removal and redistribution of silica during pressure solution. 相似文献
19.
The hydrocarbon products generated and released from coals continue to be debated. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic southern hemisphere coals have been described as being capable of generating significant quantities of heavy hydrocarbons (oil-like material) when compared to the Paleozoic coals of the northern hemisphere because of changes in the coal forming community. This hypothesis was examined by comparing the pyrolysis-gas chromatography results of a collection of coals. Preliminary results indicate that the most significant difference in pyrolytic products is in the less than nC15 fraction. The data further indicate that coals generate similar types of hydrocarbons independent of age or geographic position if they contain similar bulk maceral content. Coals rich in vitrinite generate predominately aromatic hydrocarbons with lesser amounts of n-paraffins. Coals rich in algae and other exinites generate largely paraffinic hydrocarbons. Coals rich in resins generate naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The petroleum generating potential of coals also depends on the coal's expulsion efficiency, which is not addressed by this study. 相似文献